| Plain-winged antwren | |
|---|---|
Scientific classification  | |
| Domain: | Eukaryota |
| Kingdom: | Animalia |
| Phylum: | Chordata |
| Class: | Aves |
| Order: | Passeriformes |
| Family: | Thamnophilidae |
| Genus: | Myrmotherula |
| Species: | M. behni |
| Binomial name | |
| Myrmotherula behni | |
 | |
The plain-winged antwren (Myrmotherula behni) is a species of bird in subfamily Thamnophilinae of family Thamnophilidae, the "typical antbirds". [2] It is found in Brazil, Colombia, Ecuador, Guyana, Venezuela, and possibly Suriname. [3]
The plain-winged antwren has these four subspecies: [2]
The plain-winged antwren, the Alagoas antwren (M. snowi), the unicolored antwren (M. unicolor), and the Yungas antwren (M. grisea) appear to form a monophyletic group with similar vocalizations and habitat requirements. [4]
The plain-winged antwren's specific epithet honors Wilhelm Friedrich Georg Behn. [5]
The plain-winged antwren is 9 to 9.5 cm (3.5 to 3.7 in) long; one female weighed 7.9 g (0.28 oz). It is a smallish bird with a short tail. Adult males of the nominate subspecies M. b. behni are almost entirely gray, with lighter underparts than upperparts. Their chin and the center of their throat and upper breast are black. Adult females have olivaceous brown upperparts with a grayish tinge on the crown and nape and a somewhat duskier tail. Their wings are olivaceous brown. Their throat is whitish and the rest of their underparts olive-buff. [6] [7] [8]
Males of subspecies M. b. yavii are darker than the nominate. Females have dark olive-buff flanks and crissum. Males of subspecies M. b. camanii are intermediate between the nominate and yavii. Females have somewhat less brown underparts than the nominate. Subspecies M. b. inornata is larger than the nominate. Males are darker with a wider black area on the throat. Females have rufescent brown upperparts and an olivaceous brown crissum. [6] [9]
The plain-winged antwren has a highly disjunct distribution. The subspecies are found thus: [6]
The South American Classification Committee of the American Ornithological Society has undocumented sight records, presumably of M. b. inornata, in Suriname, and treats the plain-winged antwren as hypothetical in that country. [3]
The plain-winged antwren inhabits the understorey to mid-storey of foothill and lower montane evergreen forest. In Ecuador it appears to favor damp ravines with stands of Guadua bamboo. In Venezuela and Brazil it ranges between elevations of 1,000 and 1,850 m (3,300 and 6,100 ft), in Colombia between 1,200 and 1,800 m (3,900 and 5,900 ft), and in Ecuador mostly between 800 and 1,600 m (2,600 and 5,200 ft). [6] [7] [8] [9]
The plain-winged antwren is believed to be a year-round resident throughout its range. [6]
The plain-winged antwren's diet is not known in detail but is probably mostly mostly insects and spiders. It forages singly, in pairs, or in family groups, and almost always as part of a mixed-species feeding flock. It feeds mostly between about 1 and 3 m (3 and 10 ft) above the ground where the understorey is dense, and between 4 and 10 m (10 and 30 ft) where it is more open. It actively seeks prey especially among dead leaves and also from live leaves, stems, and branches, mostly by reaching, hanging, lunging, and occasionally by fluttering out from a perch. [6] [7] [8] [9]
Nothing is known about the plain-winged antwren's breeding biology. [6]
The plain-winged antwren's song is a "series of high, simple, slightly downslurred 'tiuw' notes". [9] Its calls include "a sharp 'sweeík' and a more nasal 'kyunh' ". [8]
The IUCN has assessed the plain-winged antwren as being of Least Concern. It has a large range; its population size is not known and is believed to be decreasing. No immediate threats have been identified. [1] It is considered rare and local throughout its range and occurs in some protected areas. "More survey work is needed in order better to elucidate the distribution, ecology and conservation needs of this poorly known species." [6]
The white-flanked antwren is a species of bird in subfamily Thamnophilinae of family Thamnophilidae, the "typical antbirds". It is found from Honduras to Panama in Central America, in every mainland South American country except Argentina, Chile, Paraguay, and Uruguay, and on Trinidad.
The slaty antwren is a small passerine bird in subfamily Thamnophilinae of family Thamnophilidae, the "typical antbirds". It is found from Mexico south through Central America, Colombia, Ecuador, Peru, and Venezuela.
The yellow-throated antwren is a species of bird in subfamily Thamnophilinae of family Thamnophilidae, the "typical antbirds". It is found in Brazil, Colombia, and Venezuela.
The leaden antwren is a species of bird in subfamily Thamnophilinae of family Thamnophilidae, the "typical antbirds". It is found in Bolivia, Brazil, Colombia, and Peru.
The rufous-backed stipplethroat is a species of bird in subfamily Thamnophilinae of family Thamnophilidae, the "typical antbirds". It is found in Brazil, Colombia, Ecuador, Peru, and Venezuela. In its complex taxonomic history, Epinecrophylla haematonota has also been called the rufous-backed antwren, stipple-throated antwren, Napo stipple-throated antwren, and western stipple-throated antwren.
The plain-throated antwren is a species of bird in subfamily Thamnophilinae of family Thamnophilidae, the "typical antbirds". It is found in Bolivia, Brazil, Colombia, Ecuador, and Peru.
The moustached antwren is a species of small Neotropical bird in subfamily Thamnophilinae of family Thamnophilidae, the "typical antbirds". It is found in Brazil, Colombia, Ecuador, Panama, and Peru.
The long-winged antwren is a species of bird in subfamily Thamnophilinae of family Thamnophilidae, the "typical antbirds". It is found in Bolivia, Brazil, Colombia, Ecuador, French Guiana, Guyana, Peru, Suriname, and Venezuela.
The grey antwren is a species of bird in subfamily Thamnophilinae of family Thamnophilidae, the "typical antbirds". It is found in Bolivia, Brazil, Colombia, Ecuador, French Guiana, Guyana, Peru, Suriname, and Venezuela.
Salvadori's antwren is a species of bird in subfamily Thamnophilinae of family Thamnophilidae, the "typical antbirds". It is endemic to Brazil.
The Amazonian streaked antwren is a species of bird in subfamily Thamnophilinae of family Thamnophilidae, the "typical antbirds". It is found in Bolivia, Brazil, Colombia, Ecuador, Peru, and Venezuela.
The ornate stipplethroat, formerly called the ornate antwren, is a species of bird in subfamily Thamnophilinae of family Thamnophilidae, the "typical antbirds". It is found in Bolivia, Brazil, Colombia, Ecuador, and Peru.
The Alagoas antwren is a Critically Endangered species of bird in subfamily Thamnophilinae of family Thamnophilidae, the "typical antbirds". It is endemic to Brazil.
The Rio Suno antwren is a species of bird in subfamily Thamnophilinae of family Thamnophilidae, the "typical antbirds". It is found in Brazil, Colombia, Ecuador and Peru.
The Guianan streaked antwren is a species of bird in subfamily Thamnophilinae of family Thamnophilidae, the "typical antbirds". It is found in Brazil, Colombia, French Guiana, Guyana, Suriname, and Venezuela.
The unicolored antwren is a species of bird in subfamily Thamnophilinae of family Thamnophilidae, the "typical antbirds". It is endemic to southeastern Brazil.
The plain-crowned spinetail is a species of bird in the Furnariinae subfamily of the ovenbird family Furnariidae. It is found in Bolivia, Brazil, Colombia, Ecuador, French Guiana, Guyana, Peru, Suriname, and Venezuela.
The ash-winged antwren is a species of bird in subfamily Euchrepomidinae of family Thamnophilidae, the "typical antbirds". It is found in Brazil, Colombia, Ecuador, French Guiana, Guyana, Suriname, Venezuela, and possibly Peru.
The northern white-fringed antwren is an insectivorous bird in subfamily Thamnophilinae of family Thamnophilidae, the "typical antbirds". It is found in mainland Colombia and Venezuela, on the Pearl Islands of Panama, and on the islands of Tobago and Margarita.
The rusty-winged antwren is a species of bird in subfamily Thamnophilinae of family Thamnophilidae, the "typical antbirds". It is found in Bolivia, Brazil, Colombia, Ecuador, Guyana, Panama, Peru, Suriname, and Venezuela.
