Pliariona

Last updated

Pliariona
Scientific classification OOjs UI icon edit-ltr.svg
Domain: Eukaryota
Kingdom: Fungi
Division: Ascomycota
Class: Lecanoromycetes
Order: Graphidales
Family: Graphidaceae
Genus: Pliariona
A.Massal. (1860)
Species:
P. montagnei
Binomial name
Pliariona montagnei
(Bosch) A.Massal. (1860)
Synonyms [1]
  • Graphis montagneiBosch (1855)
  • Lecanactis montagnei(Bosch) Nyl. (1858)
  • Graphina montagnei(Bosch) Müll.Arg. (1880) [2]
  • Phaeographina montagnei(Bosch) Müll.Arg. (1882)
  • Thecaria montagnei(Bosch) Staiger (2002) [3]

Pliariona is a fungal genus in the family Graphidaceae. [4] [5] It comprises the single species Pliariona montagnei, a corticolous (bark-dwelling) script lichen widely distributed across various tropical and subtropical regions.

Contents

Taxonomy

Pliariona was originally circumscribed by the Italian lichenologist Abramo Bartolommeo Massalongo in 1860, [6] to contain a script lichen species that was originally named Graphis montagnei by the Dutch botanist Roelof Benjamin van den Bosch. [7]

The genus Pliariona was reinstated in 2013 based on molecular phylogenetics studies that revealed distinct lineages within the Graphidaceae. These studies showed that species previously grouped under the same genus due to morphological similarities were not always closely related. [8] For example, Pliariona montagnei (formerly known as Thecaria montagnei) and Thecaria quassicola , despite their superficial resemblance, were found to be genetically distant and not congeneric. [8]

The reinstatement of Pliariona as a separate genus is supported by molecular evidence and key taxonomic characteristics that distinguish it from related genera. These distinguishing features include an epruinose apothecial disc (the spore-producing surface lacking a powdery coating) and a dark red hymenium (the fertile layer of the fungus). [8]

Description

Pliariona montagnei has a thallus that ranges in colour from olive to dull green, with a glossy appearance. The surface texture varies from smooth to warty, often reflecting the contours of the underlying bark substrate . The species is characterised by its numerous ascomata (fruiting bodies), which are sessile and lirellate in form. These reproductive structures are predominantly simple , though some display occasional branching, and measure up to 0.6 mm by 0.5 mm. The ascomata feature an open disc that is red and epruinose, surrounded by a well-developed exciple . This exciple is fully carbonised (blackened), measuring 130 to 250  μm, and is covered by a thick, unbroken thalline margin . [8]

The hymenium, which measures 150–200 μm in height, is red-pigmented and densely inspersed . Within this layer, the asci (spore-bearing sacs) each contain a single ascospore . These ascospores are muriform , ellipsoidal to oval in shape, and measure 125–155 μm by 25–40 μm. Initially hyaline and non-amyloid, the spores develop a brownish or mottled appearance as they mature. The species contains the compound isohypocrelline, though the biological significance of this substance in P. montagnei remains unclear. The combination of these morphological and chemical characteristics distinguishes P. montagnei from other superficially similar species within the Graphidaceae. [8]

Habitat and distribution

Pliariona montagnei exhibits a wide distribution across various tropical and subtropical regions. The species has been documented in Australia, West Africa, Japan, the Philippines, India, Indonesia, the Solomon Islands, Vanuatu, and Norfolk Island. It has more recently been recorded in Vietnam, specifically in Đắk Lắk province, within Chư Yang Sin National Park. [8]

The species is corticolous, growing on tree bark. In the Vietnamese location where it was observed, P. montagnei was found at an elevation of about 780 metres above sea level. [8]

Related Research Articles

<i>Roccella</i> (lichen) Genus of lichens in the family Roccellaceae

Roccella is a genus of 23 species of lichens in the family Roccellaceae. The genus was circumscribed by Swiss botanist Augustin Pyramus de Candolle in 1805, with Roccella fuciformis as the type species.

<i>Graphis crebra</i> Species of lichen in the family Graphidaceae

Graphis crebra is a species of corticolous lichen in the family Graphidaceae. It has a pantropical distribution. Like other script lichens, it grows on bark and resembles calligraphy. It can be distinguished from several other similar species by the white pruina (powder) on its apothecial discs.

Ocellularia upretii is a species of corticolous (bark-dwelling) lichen in the family Graphidaceae. It is found in India.

Diorygma archeri is a species of corticolous (bark-dwelling) lichen in the family Graphidaceae. Found in Vietnam, it was formally described as a new species in 2013 by Santosh Joshi and Jae-Seoun Hur. The type specimen was collected from Yok Đôn National Park at an altitude of about 760 m (2,490 ft). The species epithet honours Australian lichenologist Alan W. Archer.

Fissurina capsulata is a species of corticolous (bark-dwelling) script lichen in the family Graphidaceae. Found in India, it was formally described as a new species in 2007 by Urmila Makhija and Bharati Adawadkar. The lichen is native to Kodaikanal, Tamil Nadu, where it was first identified near Daisy Bank in 1975.

Fissurina coarctata is a species of script lichen in the family Graphidaceae. It is found in India, where it grows in tropical rainforests and moist deciduous forests. This corticolous (bark-dwelling) lichen is primarily found on exposed tree trunks along roadsides. Its thallus has a yellowish-brown to olive-green colour and has a thick, verrucose texture. The species was formally described as new to science in 2007 by Urmila Makhija and Bharati Adawadkar.

Fissurina karnatakensis is a species of corticolous (bark-dwelling) script lichen in the family Graphidaceae. Found in India, it was formally described as a new species in 2007 by Urmila Makhija and Bharati Adawadkar. It grows on tree trunks in exposed conditions along roadsides within moist forests, particularly in Karnataka, a state known for its many endemic lichen species.

Fissurina khasiana is a species of corticolous (bark-dwelling) script lichen in the family Graphidaceae. It is found in India, specifically in the evergreen forests of Upper Shillong in the Khasi Hills; its species name is derived from the region where it was first collected. The lichen was formally described as a new species in 2007 by Urmila Makhija and Bharati Adawadkar.

Fissurina longiramea is a species of corticolous (bark-dwelling) script lichen in the family Graphidaceae. It is found in various locations across India, including the Andaman Islands, Karnataka, and the Nicobar Islands, where it grows in tropical rainforests. The lichen was formally described as a new species in 2007 by Urmila Makhija and Bharati Adawadkar.

Allographa grandis is a species of corticolous (bark-dwelling) lichen in the family Graphidaceae. Found in Cameroon, it is characterised its large ascomata and ascospores, and an inspersed hymenium.

Glyphis frischiana is a species of corticolous (bark-dwelling) script lichen in the family Graphidaceae. It is distinguished by its large ascospores, single-spored asci, and the presence of stictic acid as a major metabolite. Found on the trunk of Eucalyptus trees in Cameroon, it is similar in appearance to Glyphis atrofusca but can be distinguished by these key characteristics.

<i>Dyplolabia afzelii</i> Species of lichen

Dyplolabia afzelii is a species of corticolous (bark-dwelling), script lichen in the family Graphidaceae. It has a pantropical distribution. The lichen has a thallus with colours ranging from yellow to pale olive buff, dark brownish tan, or grey, characterised by its smooth texture and considerable thickness. Its ascomata are lirelline, often raised from the thallus surface and concealed under a powdery white layer.

Megalospora austropacifica is a species of corticolous (bark-dwelling), crustose lichen in the family Megalosporaceae. It is found on the islands of Taveuni and Viti Levu in Fiji. It has a yellowish grey to whitish grey, glossy thallus that is thick and may appear slightly wrinkled or smooth, often with irregular cracks and small papillae containing conidiomata, but lacking isidia and soredia. Its apothecia are circular, up to 4.5 mm in diameter, with the disc evolving from concave to slightly convex and coloured from orange-brown to red-brown, surrounded by a thick, prominent margin.

Enterographa aldabrensis is a species of corticolous (bark-dwelling), crustose lichen in the family Roccellaceae. It is only known to occur in Aldabra in the Seychelles.

Thelotrema fijiense is a little-known species of corticolous (bark-dwelling), crustose lichen in the family Graphidaceae. It is known from Fiji.

Nitidochapsa is a genus of lichen-forming fungi in the family Graphidaceae. It has five species of corticolous (bark-dwelling), crustose lichens.

Thecographa is a genus of lichen-forming fungi in the family Graphidaceae. It has three species of corticolous (bark-dwelling) script lichens. The genus was circumscribed by Abramo Bartolommeo Massalongo in 1860. Although Massalongo did not assign a type species for the genus, David L. Hawksworth set Thecographa prosiliens as the type in 1981. Morphological characteristics of the genus include its sessilelirella, the lack of a thalline margin, and the complete carbonisation of the excipulum.

<i>Mangoldia</i> Genus of lichens

Mangoldia is a genus of lichen-forming fungi in the subfamily Graphidoideae of the family Graphidaceae. It contains four species of corticolous (bark-dwelling) script lichens.

Melanotopelia is a genus of lichen-forming fungi in the family Graphidaceae. It has four species of corticolous (bark-dwelling), crustose lichens. This genus includes species characterised by dark pigmentation in their exciple, non-amyloid ascospores, and specific secondary metabolites.

Synarthothelium is a genus of lichen-forming fungi of uncertain familial placement in the order Arthoniales. It has two species of corticolous (bark-dwelling) crustose lichens that occur in tropical regions of the Americas.

References

  1. ↑ "GSD Species Synonymy. Current Name: Pliariona montagnei (Bosch) A. Massal., Atti Inst. Veneto Sci. lett., ed Arti, Sér. 3 5: 318 (1860)". Species Fungorum . Retrieved 13 September 2024.
  2. ↑ Müller, J. (1880). "Lichenologische Beiträge. X". Flora (Regensburg) (in Latin). 63 (3): 40–45.
  3. ↑ Staiger; B. (2002). Die Flechtennamilie Graphidaceae: Studien in Richtung einer natürlichen Gliederung[The lichen family Graphidaceae: studies towards a natural organization]. Bibliotheca Lichenologica (in German). Vol. 85. Berlin/Stuttgart: J. Cramer. p. 446. ISBN   978-3-443-58064-3.
  4. ↑ "Pliariona". Catalogue of Life . Species 2000: Leiden, the Netherlands. Retrieved 13 September 2024.
  5. ↑ Wijayawardene, N.N.; Hyde, K.D.; Dai, D.Q.; Sánchez-García, M.; Goto, B.T.; Saxena, R.K.; et al. (2022). "Outline of Fungi and fungus-like taxa – 2021". Mycosphere. 13 (1): 53–453 [161]. doi:10.5943/mycosphere/13/1/2.
  6. ↑ Massalongo, A.B. (1860). "Esame comparativo di alcune genere di licheni". Atti dell'Istituto Veneto Scienze (in Latin). 5: 313–337.
  7. ↑ Miquel, F.A.W.; Van den Bosch, R.B. (1856). "Lichenes". Plantae Junghuhnianae (in Latin). Vol. 4. pp. 427–494.
  8. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 Joshi, Santosh; Jayalal, Udeni; Oh, Soon-Ok; Koh, Young Jin; Nguyen, Thi Thuy; Dzung, Nguyen Anh; Hur, Jae-Seoun (2013). "New species and new records in the family Graphidaceae (Ascomycota: Ostropales ) from Vietnam". The Lichenologist. 45 (5): 599–609. doi:10.1017/S002428291300025X.
This page is based on this Wikipedia article
Text is available under the CC BY-SA 4.0 license; additional terms may apply.
Images, videos and audio are available under their respective licenses.