Polypedates macrotis

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Polypedates macrotis
Dark-eared frog (Polypedates macrotis).jpg
at Danum Valley Conservation Area, Sabah, Malaysia
Scientific classification OOjs UI icon edit-ltr.svg
Domain: Eukaryota
Kingdom: Animalia
Phylum: Chordata
Class: Amphibia
Order: Anura
Family: Rhacophoridae
Genus: Polypedates
Species:
P. macrotis
Binomial name
Polypedates macrotis
(Boulenger, 1891)
Synonyms

Rhacophorus macrotisBoulenger, 1891
Philautus montanusTaylor, 1920
Polypedates linkiTaylor, 1922

Contents

Polypedates macrotis, commonly known as the dark-eared treefrog, as well as the Bongao tree frog, Bongao bubble-nest frog, Baram whipping frog, [2] or brown-striped tree frog, [3] is a species of tree frog (a "true" frog) in the family Rhacophoridae. This species is found on the Malay Peninsula and Southern Thailand, Sumatra and Java (Indonesia), Borneo (including Brunei) and parts of the Philippines, in addition to several smaller islands within the Coral Triangle ecoregion.

Bongao, from the common name "Bongao tree frog", is in reference to Bongao Island, the type locality of Philautus montanus—now synonymized with Polypedates macrotis. Additionally, "Baram whipping frog" is referencing Baram, a district in Sarawak, East Malaysia (Borneo), and is also the name of the type locality of P. macrotis. [2]

Description

Male Polypedates macrotis grow to a snout–vent length of about 60 mm (2.4 in) and females to 85 mm (3.3 in). Tadpoles are up to 60 mm (2.4 in) in length. Dorsum is brown with a darker band behind the eye that covers the tympanum, tapering along the side. [4] [5]

Polypedates macrotis is similar to Polypedates leucomystax but differs from it slightly in colouration and body proportions. [4]

Reproduction

Polypedates macrotis deposit their eggs in foam nests attached to leaves or twigs overhanging standing water, such as ponds and ditches. [1] [4]

Habitat and distribution

The dark-eared tree frog is a locally-abundant species within its range. It is found in Thailand (Nakhon Si Thammarat, Narathiwat, Pattani, Songkhla), [6] Malaysia (Johor, Kelantan, Kuala Lumpur, Negeri Sembilan, Pahang, Penang, Putrajaya, Sabah, Sarawak, Selangor), [7] Indonesia (Aceh, Bangka Belitung, Jambi, Lampung, North Sumatra, Riau, South Sumatra, West Java, West Sumatra), [8] Brunei, the Sulu Archipelago and various western Philippine islands (Palawan, Busuanga, Calauit, Jolo, and Dumaran), where it inhabits primary forests and forest-edge areas. [1] In addition to living in and around human settlements, including some large cities and towns, adult frogs can be found near small streams, ponds, or even puddles and small pools, swamps and wet rainforests with dripping or trickling sources of water. They may also frequent the captured rainwater that has filled the inside of certain epiphytic plants, ferns, etc. [5]

Related Research Articles

<i>Polypedates</i> Genus of amphibians

Polypedates is a genus of frogs in the family Rhacophoridae, the shrub frogs and Paleotropic tree frogs. They belong to subfamily Rhacophorinae. Members of this genus are collectively known as whipping frogs. They occur in eastern and southern Asia.

<i>Polypedates megacephalus</i> Species of amphibian

Polypedates megacephalus, the Hong Kong whipping frog or spot-legged tree frog, is a species in the shrub frog family (Rhacophoridae). In its native range, it is also called "brown tree frog", but this name is otherwise applied to a species of the true tree frog family (Hylidae).

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Wallace's flying frog</span> Species of amphibian

Wallace's flying frog, also known as the gliding frog or the Abah River flying frog, is a moss frog found at least from the Malay Peninsula into western Indonesia, and is present in Borneo and Sumatra. It is named for the biologist, Alfred R. Wallace, who collected the first known specimen.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Seep frog</span> Species of amphibian

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<span class="mw-page-title-main">Common green frog</span> Species of amphibian

The common green frog is a frog species of in the true frog family Ranidae; some sources still use the old name Rana erythraea. It lives in Southeast Asia and is also known as green paddy frog, red-eared frog or leaf frog. The last name, however, commonly refers to the Neotropical tree frogs which make up the subfamily Phyllomedusinae. These are not closely related to H. erythraea, belonging to family Hylidae instead.

<i>Nyctixalus pictus</i> Species of amphibian

Nyctixalus pictus, also known as cinnamon frog, cinnamon treefrog, cinnamon bush frog, painted Indonesian treefrog, and white-spotted treefrog, etc., is a species of frog in the family Rhacophoridae. It is found in the Malay Peninsula, the Philippines, and parts of the Greater Sunda Islands.

<i>Philautus hosii</i> Species of frog

Philautus hosii is a species of frog in the family Rhacophoridae. It is endemic to Borneo and has been found at 1,351 m (4,432 ft) above sea level. The specific name of the synonym, Polypedates chlorophthalmus, refers to its "remarkable green iris", from the Greek for "green-eyed". Accordingly, the common name green-eyed tree frog has been coined for the species.

Philautus ingeri is a species of frog in the family Rhacophoridae. The species is endemic to northern Borneo, where it is found in Sabah, Sarawak, Brunei, and adjacent northern Kalimantan (Indonesia). The common names Inger's bush frog and Inger's bubble-nest frog have been coined for it. It is named for Robert F. Inger, American zoologist from the Field Museum of Natural History.

Philautus mjobergi is a species of frog in the family Rhacophoridae. It is endemic to northern Borneo and found in Kalimantan (Indonesia) and Sarawak (Malaysia). The specific name mjobergi honours Eric Mjöberg, a Swedish naturalist, ethnographer, and explorer. Common names Murud bubble-nest frog and Mjöberg's bush frog have been coined for it.

<i>Polypedates colletti</i> Species of frog

Polypedates colletti is a species of frog in the family Rhacophoridae. It is found in the Malay Peninsula, southern Vietnam, Borneo, Sumatra, and islands of the South China Sea.

<i>Polypedates cruciger</i> Species of amphibian

Polypedates cruciger is a species of frog in the family Rhacophoridae endemic to Sri Lanka. It has been osbserved as high as 1600 meters above sea level.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Common tree frog</span> Species of amphibian

Polypedates leucomystax is a species in the shrub frog family Rhacophoridae. It is known under numerous common names, including common tree frog, four-lined tree frog, golden tree frog or striped tree frog. Many past authors have united it with the common Indian tree frog in P. maculatus, but today they are generally considered distinct species. In its native range, it is also called "white-lipped tree frog", but this name is otherwise applied to a species of true tree frogs.

<i>Polypedates otilophus</i> Species of amphibian

Polypedates otilophus is a species of frog in the family Rhacophoridae. It is endemic to Borneo where it is widespread and found in Brunei, Indonesia, and Malaysia, typically in the lowlands but sometimes as high as 1,100 m (3,600 ft) above sea level. This species has prominent, sharp ridges behind the eye, above the ear, referred to in its names.

Leptomantis gauni is a species of frog in the family Rhacophoridae. It is endemic to Borneo and is found in Sabah and central Sarawak (Malaysia), Brunei, and north-eastern Kalimantan (Indonesia). The specific name gauni honours Gaun Sureng, a collector for the Sarawak Museum and a companion to Robert F. Inger on field trips when this species was observed. Common names short-nosed tree frog and Inger's flying frog have been coined for it.

<i>Feihyla kajau</i> Species of frog

Feihyla kajau, also known as the Dring's flying frog, white-eared tree frog, and white-eared jelly-nest frog, is a species of frog in the family Rhacophoridae. It is endemic to Borneo and found in all major jurisdictions of the island Kalimantan (Indonesia), Sabah and Sarawak (Malaysia), and Brunei. The specific name kajau is Berawan for "charming".

<i>Polypedates himalayensis</i> Species of amphibian

Polypedates himalayensis, the Himalayan tree frog, is a species of tree frog found in north-eastern India. It has been observed between 100 and 2000 meters above sea level.

<i>Pulchrana baramica</i> Species of amphibian

Pulchrana baramica, the Baram River frog, brown marsh frog, or masked rough-sided frog, is a species of "true frog", family Ranidae. It is found in the Malay Peninsula, including the extreme south Thailand, Peninsular Malaysia, and Singapore, and in the Malay Archipelago, including Borneo, and the Indonesian islands Java, Sumatra, and Bangka Island. Its type locality is the Baram River in Sarawak, Malaysia, giving it one of its common names. Its natural habitats are tropical moist lowland forests and swamps. It is not considered threatened by the IUCN.

Polypedates pseudotilophus is a species of frogs in the family Rhacophoridae. It is endemic to Sumatra and Java in Indonesia, where it has been observed between 0 and 1000 meters above sea level.

<i>Feihyla inexpectata</i> Species of frog

Feihyla inexpectata is a species of frog in the family Rhacophoridae. This recently (2014) described species is endemic to Malaysian Borneo and known from its type locality in the Maliau Basin Conservation Area, Sandakan Division, Sabah and from Danum Valley, also in Sabah. Common name Bornean opposite-fingered tree frog has been coined for it.

<i>Rhacophorus borneensis</i> Species of frog

Rhacophorus borneensis is a species of frog in the family Rhacophoridae. This recently (2013) described species is endemic to Malaysian Borneo where it is known from its type locality in the Maliau Basin Conservation Area, Sandakan Division, Sabah as well as from the Batang Ai National Park, Sarawak. Prior to its description, it was included in Rhacophorus reinwardtii. It is said to be "one of the prettiest frogs of Borneo". Common name Borneo flying frog has been coined for it.

References

  1. 1 2 3 IUCN SSC Amphibian Specialist Group (2021). "Baram Whipping Frog: Polypedates macrotis". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species . 2021: e.T58955A64132023. doi: 10.2305/IUCN.UK.2021-3.RLTS.T58955A64132023.en . Retrieved February 5, 2024.
  2. 1 2 Frost, Darrel R. (2014). "Polypedates macrotis (Boulenger, 1891)". Amphibian Species of the World: an Online Reference. Version 6.0. American Museum of Natural History. Retrieved 9 December 2014.
  3. ↑ "Polypedates macrotis". AmphibiaWeb: Information on amphibian biology and conservation. [web application]. Berkeley, California: AmphibiaWeb. 2014. Retrieved 10 December 2014.
  4. 1 2 3 Haas, A.; Hertwig, S.T.; Das, I. (2014). "Polypedates macrotis (Dark-eared Tree Frog)". Frogs of Borneo. Retrieved 10 December 2014.
  5. 1 2 "Polypedates macrotis". Amphibians and Reptiles of Peninsular Malaysia. Retrieved 10 December 2014.
  6. ↑ "Observations • iNaturalist" . Retrieved 6 June 2024.
  7. ↑ "Observations • iNaturalist" . Retrieved 6 June 2024.
  8. ↑ "Observations • iNaturalist" . Retrieved 6 June 2024.
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