Quaqua | |
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Quaqua mammillaris (the "aroena"), a widespread and common species from the south-western Cape. | |
Scientific classification | |
Kingdom: | Plantae |
Clade: | Tracheophytes |
Clade: | Angiosperms |
Clade: | Eudicots |
Clade: | Asterids |
Order: | Gentianales |
Family: | Apocynaceae |
Subfamily: | Asclepiadoideae |
Tribe: | Ceropegieae |
Genus: | Quaqua N.E.Br. |
The genus Quaqua falls within the tribe of plants known collectively as stapeliads . All stapeliads, including Quaqua, are Old World stem succulents. [1]
Species of the genus Quaqua are exceptionally varied and endemic to southwestern Africa, and locally very common in Namaqualand.
Species of Quaqua are usually characterised by having stout, firm, 4 or 5-sided stems bearing conical tubercles which often have a tough, tapering spike at their ends. A few species lack the spikes or have smoothly rounded tubercles. [1]
Quaqua flowers are distinctive from those of other southern African stapeliads for their numerous inflorescences emerging from each stem, especially closer to the ends. There are often ten along each stem, vertically arranged in distichous series. The flowers of some species are sweet smelling (faintly of honey or lemon), attractive and rather small (between 7 and 15 mm in diameter). The flowers of other species however, are larger, reaching a maximum diameter of 27 mm and are dark, papillate, and usually have a repulsive odor of urine or excrement. These species are pollinated by flies. [1]
In distribution, the genus Quaqua is restricted to the western (winter-rainfall) region of South Africa & Namibia. Its distribution closely mirrors that of related genus Tromotriche .
Plants of the World Online as of As of January 2023 [update] recognizes the following species: [2]
Image | Scientific name | Distribution |
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Quaqua acutiloba (N.E.Br.) Bruyns | South Africa and Namibia. | |
Quaqua albersii Plowes | South Africa (Vredendal) | |
Quaqua arenicola (N.E.Br.) Plowes | South Africa (Cape Province) | |
Quaqua arida (Masson) Plowes | South Africa (Cape Province) | |
Quaqua armata (N.E.Br.) Bruyns | South Africa (Cape Province) | |
Quaqua aurea (C.A.Lückh.) Plowes | South Africa (Cape Province) | |
Quaqua bayeriana (Bruyns) Plowes | South Africa (Cape Province) | |
Quaqua cincta (C.A.Lückh.) Bruyns | South Africa (Cape Province) | |
Quaqua framesii (Pillans) Bruyns | South Africa (Cape Province) | |
Quaqua incarnata (L.f.) Bruyns | South Africa and Namibia. | |
Quaqua inversa (N.E.Br.) Bruyns | South Africa (Cape Province) | |
Quaqua linearis (N.E.Br.) Bruyns | South Africa (Cape Province) | |
Quaqua mammillaris (L.) Bruyns | South Africa and Namibia. | |
Quaqua multiflora (R.A.Dyer) Bruyns | South Africa (Cape Province) | |
Quaqua pallens Bruyns | South Africa (Cape Province) | |
Quaqua parviflora (Masson) Bruyns | South Africa (Cape Province) | |
Quaqua pillansii (N.E.Br.) Bruyns | South Africa (Cape Province) | |
Quaqua pruinosa (Masson) Bruyns | South Africa (Cape Province) | |
Quaqua pulchra (Bruyns) Plowes | South Africa (Cape Province) | |
Quaqua ramosa (Masson) Bruyns | South Africa (Cape Province) | |
The species of this genus can be divided into two main groups, based on their floral structure: One group bears flowers singly or in pairs; the other bears flowers in clusters of between 4 and 20. The species of the second grouping can in turn be divided into two sections: One with purple to dark-brown flowers that are wider than 25mm (e.g. Quaqua mammillaris or Quaqua pillansii ); the other with yellow to cream flowers that are narrower than 25mm. [3]
Hoodia is a genus of flowering plants in the family Apocynaceae, under the subfamily Asclepiadoideae, native to Southern Africa.
Stapeliinae is a subtribe of flowering plants within the tribe Ceropegieae of the subfamily Asclepiadoideae of the family Apocynaceae. The subtribe comprises about 35 genera, including both the stem-succulent "stapeliads" and the horticulturally popular genera Brachystelma and Ceropegia. The largest number of genera are native to Africa, but a more limited number of genera are widespread in Arabia and Asia. Historically, a similarly circumscribed taxon was treated as a separate tribe, Stapelieae.
Stapelia is a genus of low-growing, spineless, stem succulent plants, predominantly from South Africa with a few from other parts of Africa. Several Asian and Latin American species were formerly included but they have all now been transferred to other genera. The flowers of certain species, most notably Stapelia gigantea, can reach 41 cm (16 inches) in diameter when fully open. Most Stapelia flowers are visibly hairy and generate the odor of rotten flesh when they bloom.
The genus Huernia consists of perennial, stem succulents from Eastern and Southern Africa and Arabia, first described as a genus in 1810.
Gasteria is a genus of succulent plants, native to South Africa and the far south-west corner of Namibia.
Duvalia is a succulent plant genus in the subfamily Asclepiadoideae, in the family Apocynaceae (dogbane).
Stapelianthus is a genus of flowering plants in the family Apocynaceae, first described as a genus in 1933. The entire genus is endemic to Madagascar and is concentrated in the far south of the island.
Pseudolithos is a genus of succulent flowering plants of the family Apocynaceae, indigenous to arid areas of Somalia, Yemen and Oman.
Tromotriche is a genus of plant in family Apocynaceae. It is native to southern Africa.
Stapeliopsis is a genus of succulent plants in the family Apocynaceae, native to southern Africa.
Piaranthus is a succulent plant genus in the subfamily Asclepiadoideae, in the family Apocynaceae.
Astroloba spiralis is a small succulent plant of the Astroloba genus, endemic to the southern Karoo regions of the Western and Eastern Cape Provinces, South Africa.
Euphorbia flanaganii, commonly known as Transkei medusa's head, is a succulent plant that belongs to the family Euphorbiaceae. It is endemic to South Africa. Due to the breadth of the Euphorbiaceae, little research specific to E. flanaganii has been conducted.
Gasteria pillansii is succulent plant native to the arid winter-rainfall regions in the far west of South Africa and Namibia.
Stapelia hirsuta, common name starfish flower or carrion plant, is a species of flowering plant belonging to the family Apocynaceae.
Gasteria brachyphylla is succulent plant native to the Western Cape, South Africa.
Duvalia elegans is a small succulent plant species, in the family Apocynaceae. It is the type species of the genus Duvalia, and it is endemic to the Western Cape Province, South Africa.
Duvalia caespitosa is a small succulent plant species, in the family Apocynaceae, widespread in South Africa.
Duvalia vestita is a small succulent plant species, in the family Apocynaceae, indigenous to the southernmost part of the Western Cape Province, South Africa.