| Rhaphigaster | |
|---|---|
 | |
| Rhaphigaster nebulosa dorsal (left) and ventral (right) views | |
Scientific classification  | |
| Domain: | Eukaryota |
| Kingdom: | Animalia |
| Phylum: | Arthropoda |
| Class: | Insecta |
| Order: | Hemiptera |
| Suborder: | Heteroptera |
| Family: | Pentatomidae |
| Subfamily: | Pentatominae |
| Tribe: | Pentatomini |
| Genus: | Rhaphigaster Laporte, 1833 |
Rhaphigaster is a genus of stink bugs in the family Pentatomidae. Its most well-known member is the mottled shieldbug, Rhaphigaster nebulosa .
Rhaphigaster are relatively large stink bugs. On the underside of the body is a spinelike process extending forward from the third abdominal sternite. [1]
A feature of Rhaphigaster and some other pentatomid genera is the connexival groove. This is the line between the dorsal and ventral laterotergites of the connexiva, and it occurs on the dorsal surface of the connexiva (in most other pentatomids, this line is on the lateral margin instead). The exact position of the connexival groove in Rhapigaster is highly variable. [1]
Stink bugs of this genus are herbivores. The common R. nebulosa feeds on a wide variety of plants in the families Anacardiaceae, Corylaceae, Fagaceae, Malaceae, Platanaceae, Poaceae, Rosaceae, Salicaceae and Ulmaceae. [2] Rhaphigaster brevispina is associated with apple (also a host plant for R. nebulosa) and ash. [2] Rhaphigaster genitalia has been recorded from chinaberry ( Melia azedarach ) and Chinese tallow ( Triadica sebifera ). [3] Lastly, R. haraldi has been recorded from cork oak ( Quercus suber ). [4]
Listed below are the species of Rhaphigaster, along with their distributions:
The type species, R. nebulosa, was originally described by Nikolaus Poda von Neuhaus in 1761 as Cimex nebulosus. [5] It was transferred to the new genus Rhaphigaster by François-Louis Laporte in 1833. [6]
The whirligig beetles are water beetles, comprising the family Gyrinidae that usually swim on the surface of the water if undisturbed, though they swim underwater when threatened. They get their common name from their habit of swimming rapidly in circles when alarmed, and are also notable for their divided eyes which are believed to enable them to see both above and below water. The family includes some 700 extant species worldwide, in 15 genera, plus a few fossil species. Most species are very similar in general appearance, though they vary in size from perhaps 3 mm to 18 mm in length. They tend to be flattened and rounded in cross section, in plain view as seen from above, and in longitudinal section. In fact their shape is a good first approximation to an ellipsoid, with legs and other appendages fitting closely into a streamlined surface. Whirligig beetles belong to the beetle suborder Adephaga, which also includes ground beetles and diving beetles.
Pentatomidae is a family of insects belonging to the order Hemiptera, generally called shield bugs or stink bugs. Pentatomidae is the largest family in the superfamily Pentatomoidea, and contains around 900 genera and over 4700 species. As hemipterans, the pentatomids have piercing sucking mouthparts, and most are phytophagous, including several species which are severe pests on agricultural crops. However, some species, particularly in the subfamily Asopinae, are predatory and may be considered beneficial.
Coreidae is a large family of predominantly sap-sucking insects in the Hemipteran suborder Heteroptera. The name "Coreidae" derives from the genus Coreus, which derives from the Ancient Greek κόρις (kóris) meaning bedbug.
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Pill millipedes are any members of two living orders of millipedes, often grouped together into a single superorder, Oniscomorpha. The name Oniscomorpha refers to the millipedes' resemblance to certain woodlice (Oniscidea), also called pillbugs or "roly-polies". However, millipedes and woodlice are not closely related ; rather, this is a case of convergent evolution.
Acanthosomatidae is a family of Hemiptera, commonly named "shield bugs" or "stink bugs". Kumar in his 1974 world revision recognized 47 genera; now this number is 55 genera, with about 200 species, and it is one of the least diverse families within Pentatomoidea. The Acanthosomatidae species are found throughout the world, being most abundant in high-latitude temperate regions and in subtropical regions at high altitudes.
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Rhaphigaster nebulosa, common name mottled shieldbug, is a species of stink bug in the family Pentatomidae.
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The coffinfish or furry coffinfish is a species of sea toad of the family Chaunacidae. It is found in salty temperate waters of southwestern Pacific, off east coast of Australia. The coffinfish was first discovered around February 1997 in Sicily, Italy by the skipper of the Libra, which was a trawler who was harbored in Mazara at the time. It can be also found in depths of 50–300 m (164–984.3 ft). Deep sea crab fishermen off the east coast of Florida pull them up from depth ranging from 5,000–8,000 feet about 54–68 miles off the coast. They have a globose and spiny body that grows to a maximum length of 22.0 cm (8.7 in) and a black mouth lining and an illicium on the snout that can be lowered into a groove.
Dinidoridae is a small family of hemipteran "true bugs" comprising about sixteen genera and a hundred species the Hemiptera suborder Heteroptera. As a group the family does not have any common name. Until the late 19th century they were generally regarded as a subfamily of Pentatomidae.
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