Rhiannon (song)

"Rhiannon"
Single by Fleetwood Mac
from the album Fleetwood Mac
B-side	"Sugar Daddy"
Released	February 1976 (US) [1] April 1976 (UK) [2]
Recorded	February 1975
Genre	Rock soft rock blues rock
Length	4:11 (album version) 3:46 (single version)
Label	Reprise
Songwriter(s)	Stevie Nicks
Producer(s)	Fleetwood Mac Keith Olsen
Fleetwood Mac singles chronology
"Over My Head" (1975) "Rhiannon" (1976) "Say You Love Me" (1976)

"Rhiannon" (released as a single under the title "Rhiannon (Will You Ever Win)") is a song written by Stevie Nicks and originally recorded by the British-American rock band Fleetwood Mac on their eponymous album in 1975; it was issued as a single the following year. The song's U.S. chart peak was in June 1976, when it hit no. 11. ^[3] The song peaked at no. 46 in the UK singles chart for three weeks after re-release in February 1978. ^[4]

"Rhiannon" was voted no. 488 in The 500 Greatest Songs of All Time by Rolling Stone magazine. They also ranked the song number six on their list of the 50 greatest Fleetwood Mac songs. ^[5]

When Nicks performed the song live, she often introduced it as "a song about an old Welsh witch." ^[6] During 1975–1982, Fleetwood Mac's live performances of "Rhiannon" took on a theatrical intensity not present on the FM-radio single. The song built to a climax in which Nicks's vocals were so impassioned that, as drummer and band co-founder Mick Fleetwood recalled, "her Rhiannon in those days was like an exorcism." ^[7]

Background

Nicks discovered the Rhiannon character in the early 1970s through a novel called Triad by Mary Bartlet Leader. ^[8] The novel is about a woman named Branwen who is possessed by a witch named Rhiannon. There is mention of the Welsh legend of Rhiannon in the novel, but the characters in the novel bear little resemblance to their original Welsh namesakes (both Rhiannon and Branwen are major female characters in the medieval Welsh prose tales of the Mabinogion ). ^{[8] [9]}

Unlike the other songs on Fleetwood Mac , which generally only required five attempts or fewer to achieve a satisfactory take, "Rhiannon" took longer to finalize. Producer Keith Olsen explained that "it was one of those songs that took over a day to get the basic track, and we're on analog tape. The first pass was kind of magical but had too many mistakes. The second pass was pretty good, but didn't have the magic, and from there it went downhill. But I kept those two". After the band returned to the studio the following afternoon, Olsen took some two-inch recording tape and looped certain sections, although this resulted in "mini scars" in some of the cymbal crashes. The best parts from the previous session were spliced together to create the final version that appeared on the album. Olsen reckoned that 14-15 cuts were required to piece the song together. ^[10]

After writing the song, Nicks learned in early 1978 that Rhiannon originated from a Welsh goddess and discovered that the lyrics in her song also applied to the Welsh Rhiannon. Nicks told the Los Angeles Times that a fan sent her "four paperback novels in a Manila envelope" five years after she first wrote "Rhiannon" in 1973 explored all the mythology behind the song. Included in the envelope was Evangeline Walton's adaptation of the ancient British Mabinogion, which Nicks then bought the rights to after being "transfixed" by the prose. ^[11] Nicks researched the Mabinogion story and began work on a Rhiannon project, unsure of whether it would become a movie, a musical, a cartoon, or a ballet. There were several Rhiannon-centered and themed songs from this unfinished project, including "Three Birds of Rhiannon (Maker of Birds)", "Forest of the Black Roses" and "Stay Away". Additionally, Nicks wrote the Fleetwood Mac song "Angel" based on the Rhiannon story ^[9] although at times she has stated that parts of the song were about Lindsey Buckingham.

In 2020, Nicks mentioned that she had started working on the Rhiannon project again and that it would be a television miniseries. She has earmarked ten songs for the Rhiannon miniseries, all of which are unreleased. ^[11]

Single remix

The single version of the song was mixed on January 19, 1976, in studio 1 at Wally Heider Studios. Ken Caillat had previously mixed a live version of the song two days earlier from a performance at the King Biscuit Flower Hour radio show, and was interested in engineering the sessions for the radio edit, although the band had already booked Kelly Kotera for the session. However, the studio's computer-automated console crashed, and Kotera struggled to mix the song manually as both Lindsey Buckingham and Richard Dashut hovered over him throughout the session. Dashut then asked Caillat to mix the song, which he agreed to. ^[12]

Whereas Keith Olsen's album mix emphasized the instruments' bottom end, Caillat accentuated the midranges, bringing the bass guitar further up in the recording to compensate for the reduced lower frequencies. The mix took seven hours to complete and was transferred onto an Ampex stereo two-track recorder. ^[12]

Live performances

"Rhiannon" was first performed live with Buckingham Nicks as an uptempo number. Bob Aguirre, who was one of the drummers for the Buckingham Nicks tour, recalled that Buckingham had already finalized the song's arrangement prior to its first performance, although Nicks reminded the band to be mindful of the song's tempo. "We needed another uptempo song in the set so we made it faster, you can hear Stevie say right after her intro 'And remember, not too fast'". ^{[13] [14]}

Prior to the release of the band's 1975 eponymous release, Fleetwood Mac played "Rhiannon" in El Paso, Texas, which was Nicks' and Buckingham's first live show as members of Fleetwood Mac. Nicks frequently introduced "Rhiannon" as "a song about a Welsh witch" during this time period. ^[15] Up until the late seventies, Christine McVie played a Fender Rhodes for live performances of "Rhiannon", saying that "the Rhodes was great to play on something like "Rhiannon" because it's so bell-like, but on anything else it would kind of get lost among the electric guitars." ^[16] A live recording of "Rhiannon", taken from a 1980 performance in London, was included on Fleetwood Mac's Live album that same year. ^[17] "Rhiannon" was performed on every tour from 1975 to 1982 (Fleetwood Mac Tour, Rumours Tour, Tusk Tour, and Mirage Tour). While the song was included on Fleetwood Mac's 1987–1988 Shake the Cage Tour, the band occasionally omitted "Rhiannon" from the setlist when Nicks was suffering from problems with her throat. ^[18]

Following Nicks' departure from Fleetwood Mac in 1991, the band did not include "Rhiannon" in their setlist for their Another Link in the Chain Tour. Nicks' replacement, Bekka Bramlett, insisted on not playing it live, largely because she felt that her voice would be unsuitable for the song. "I didn't want to fight too hard, man, but I definitely didn't want to do "Rhiannon" and "Dreams." Also, I didn't sound anything like her." Before the band embarked on the tour, Christine McVie approved of Bramlett's decision, saying that it was "quite honorable to not sing those particular songs of Stevie's". ^[19]

When Nicks returned to Fleetwood Mac in 1997, "Rhiannon" was added back to the band's setlist. A performance at Warner Brothers Studios in Burbank, California was included on The Dance album. ^[20] "Rhiannon" remained in the setlist for the band's Say You Will Tour and also appeared on Fleetwood Mac: Live in Boston , a live video/music album taken from two nights in September 2003. AllMusic called this rendition of "Rhiannon" a "blowout performance". ^[21] "Rhiannon" has since been included on every subsequent Fleetwood Mac tour, including Fleetwood Mac's Unleashed Tour in 2009, the Fleetwood Mac Live Tour in 2013, the On with the Show Tour in 2014-2015, and the An Evening with Fleetwood Mac Tour in 2018-2019. ^{[22] [23] [24] [25]}

Reception

Billboard described "Rhiannon" as a "haunting song" with an "infectious melody". ^[26] Record World said that "Stevie Nicks' vocal evokes a magic that is hard to ignore on this scintillating track." ^[27] Jason Elias of AllMusic found the vocals and lyrics to be "compelling". ^[28] The Guardian and Paste ranked the song number seven and number six, respectively, on their lists of the 30 greatest Fleetwood Mac songs. ^{[29] [30]}

Personnel

Fleetwood Mac

• Stevie Nicks – lead vocals
• Lindsey Buckingham – guitar, backing vocals
• Christine McVie – keyboards, backing vocals
• John McVie – bass guitar
• Mick Fleetwood – drums

Charts

Weekly charts Chart (1976) Peak position Australia (Kent Music Report) [31] 13 Belgium (Ultratop 50 Flanders) [32] 21 Belgium (Ultratop 50 Wallonia) [33] 43 Canada Adult Contemporary (RPM) [34] 4 Canada Top Singles ( RPM ) [35] 4 Dutch Singles Chart [36] 16 US Billboard Hot 100 [37] 11 US Billboard Adult Contemporary [38] 33 US Cash Box Top 100 [39] 9 Re-issue Chart (1978) Peak position UK Singles Chart 46

Year-end charts Chart (1976) Rank Australia (Kent Music Report) [31] 100 Canada [40] 63 US Billboard Hot 100 [41] 76 US Cash Box [42] 74

Certifications

Region	Certification	Certified units/sales
United Kingdom (BPI) [43]	Platinum	600,000‡
‡ Sales+streaming figures based on certification alone.

References

1. "Fleetwood mac singles".
2. Strong, Martin Charles (1995). The Great Rock Discography. Canongate Press. p. 296. ISBN   9780862415419.
3. Rock Movers & Shakers by Dafydd Rees & Luke Crampton, 1991 Billboard Books.
4. The Great Rock Discography. Martin C. Strong. Page 378. ISBN   1-84195-312-1
5. "Fleetwood Mac's 50 Greatest Songs". Rolling Stone . 22 September 2019. Retrieved 30 January 2022.
6. "17 Reasons This 'Rhiannon' Clip Is the Coolest Thing in the Universe". Rolling Stone . 26 May 2020. Retrieved 24 August 2022.
7. "Stevie Nicks - Behind the Music". rockalittle.com.
8. DeMain, Bill (4 September 2015). "Fleetwood Mac: the story behind Rhiannon". Classic Rock Magazine. Retrieved 17 March 2021.
9. "Stevie Nicks on Rhiannon". inherownwords. Retrieved 19 September 2015.
10. Howe, Zoë (2015). Stevie Nicks: Visions, Dreams, & Rumours. Omnibus Press. pp. 51–52. ISBN   978-1-4683-1066-5.
11. Sharf, Zack (1 October 2020). "Stevie Nicks' 'Rhiannon' Movie Is Now a TV Miniseries, and She's Courting Harry Styles to Star". IndieWire. Retrieved 17 January 2024.
12. Caillat, Ken & Stiefel, Steve (2012). Making Rumours: The Inside Story of the Classic Fleetwood Mac Album . Wiley & Sons. pp.  5, 14-17. ISBN   9781118218082.
13. "Bob Aguirre Q&A Session, November 26 - December 9, 2001". www.fleetwoodmac.net. Archived from the original on 22 September 2013. Retrieved 22 December 2023.
14. Avila, Mary (7 April 2015). "Stevie Nicks and Lindsey Buckingham before Fleetwood Mac". Patriot Ledger. Retrieved 22 December 2023.
15. Fleetwood, Mick; Bozza, Anthony (October 2014). Play On. New York, NY: Little Brown and Company. pp. 175, 204. ISBN   978-0-316-40342-9.
16. "From the Archive: Christine McVie - KeyboardMag". www.keyboardmag.com. Archived from the original on 10 July 2015. Retrieved 22 December 2023.
17. Spanos, Brittany (10 February 2021). "This Live 'Rhiannon' Is Stevie Nicks at Her Witchiest". Rolling Stone. Archived from the original on 25 December 2022. Retrieved 22 December 2023.
18. Evans, Mike (2011). Fleetwood Mac: The Definitive History. New York: Sterling. p. 245. ISBN   978-1-4027-8630-3.
19. Greene, Andy (9 March 2023). "What It Was Like to Replace Stevie Nicks in Fleetwood Mac". Rolling Stone. Archived from the original on 4 September 2023. Retrieved 22 December 2023.
20. "'The Dance': Behind Fleetwood Mac's Emotional 90s Reunion". Dig!. Retrieved 23 December 2023.
21. Jurek, Thom. "Fleetwood Mac - Live in Boston". AllMusic. Retrieved 23 December 2023.
22. "Fleetwood Mac/ March 8, 2009/ Auburn Hills, Mich. (The Palace)". Billboard. 9 March 2009. Retrieved 22 December 2023.
23. Giles, Jeff (5 April 2013). "Fleetwood Mac Kick Off 2013 Tour With New Songs". Ultimate Classic Rock. Retrieved 22 December 2023.
24. Kenneth Partridge (7 October 2014). "Fleetwood Mac Relives Past Peaks & Lows at Madison Square Garden Concert". Billboard . Retrieved 29 October 2014.
25. "Fleetwood Mac began NYC-area run at Madison Square Garden (pics, setlist)". BrooklynVegan . United States. 12 March 2019. Retrieved 27 May 2019.
26. "Top Single Picks" (PDF). Billboard. 28 February 1976. p. 64. Retrieved 13 July 2020.
27. "Hits of the Week" (PDF). Record World. 28 February 1976. p. 1. Retrieved 8 March 2023.
28. Elias, Jason. "Rhiannon by Fleetwood Mac". AllMusic. Retrieved 28 January 2024.
29. Petridis, Alexis (19 May 2022). "Fleetwood Mac's 30 greatest songs – ranked!". The Guardian . Retrieved 10 August 2023.
30. Mitchell, Matt (7 August 2023). "The 30 Greatest Fleetwood Mac Songs". Paste . Retrieved 10 August 2023.
31. "National Top 100 Singles for 1976". Kent Music Report. 27 December 1976. Retrieved 15 January 2022– via Imgur.
32. "Fleetwood Mac – Rhiannon" (in Dutch). Ultratop 50. Retrieved 27 June 2024.
33. "Fleetwood Mac – Rhiannon" (in French). Ultratop 50. Retrieved 27 June 2024.
34. "Item Display - RPM - Library and Archives Canada". Collectionscanada.gc.ca. 22 May 1976. Retrieved 11 May 2020.
35. "Top RPM Singles: Issue 4128a." RPM . Library and Archives Canada.
36. "Fleetwood Mac - Rhiannon". hitparade.ch. Retrieved 29 January 2024.
37. "Fleetwood Mac Chart History (Hot 100)". Billboard.
38. Whitburn, Joel (1993). Top Adult Contemporary: 1961–1993. Record Research. p. 88.
39. "Cash Box Top 100 5/29/76". tropicalglen.com.
40. "Top Singles – Volume 26, No. 14 & 15, January 08 1977". RPM . Library and Archives Canada. Archived from the original on 19 March 2016. Retrieved 15 July 2017.
41. "Top 100 Hits of 1976/Top 100 Songs of 1976". www.musicoutfitters.com.
42. "Cash Box YE Pop Singles - 1976". tropicalglen.com. Archived from the original on 20 October 2018. Retrieved 21 July 2017.
43. "British single certifications – Fleetwood Mac – Rhiannon". British Phonographic Industry . Retrieved 28 September 2022.

External links

• Song lyrics at the official Fleetwood Mac site