The Rijksakademie van beeldende kunsten (State Academy of Fine Arts) was founded in 1870 in Amsterdam. It is a classical academy, a place where philosophers, academics and artists meet to test and exchange ideas and knowledge. The school supports visual artists with a two-year curriculum.
The Rijksakademie van beeldende kunsten was the home of Amsterdam Impressionism, part of the international impressionist movement, and is known as the School of Allebé by art historians; August Allebé became the school's director in 1880. In French, the school was called "l'Académie Royale des Beaux Arts d'Amsterdam". Among its pioneers here were George Breitner, Jan Toorop, Piet Mondrian, Jacques Witjens and Willem Arnoldus Witsen. Other artists connected with the academy were Hendrik Petrus Berlage, Willem Wiegmans, Constant Nieuwenhuijs, Karel Appel, Corneille, Ger Lataster, Willem Hofhuizen, and Jaap Min.
The school provides an education academically comparable with a university. There are open days each year, which provide an opportunity to see the work of young artists.
From 1718 to 1819 Amsterdam had an art school, the Stadstekenacademie . In 1820, the Koninklijke Academie van Beeldende Kunsten continued the artistic tradition. [1] The prevailing style was panel painting in oil, landscape painting influenced by neoclassicism. In 1869, the Amsterdam school received its present name.
The academy was a place for philosophers, scientists and artists to come together and share knowledge and ideas. In 1870, the academy was founded by King William III as a successor to the 19th-century Koninklijke Academie, the 18th-century Stads Teekenacademie and the 17th-century Konstkamer to give visual artists an educational opportunity. Early students included George Hendrik Breitner, Isaac Israëls and Willem Witsen, who were influenced by Amsterdam Impressionism.
Under director August Allebé, the Saint Luke (patron saint of artists) student movement was founded. [2] Allebé's cosmopolitan attitude changed the school's method of instruction, emphasizing the avant-garde.
Around 1985, the school received the additional title of Instituut voor Praktijkstudie and offered postdoctoral education. In 1992 it moved into a former cavalry barracks at Sarphatistraat 470 in Amsterdam, and the buildings were renovated. In November 1999, it became an independent art institution. The school is financed by the Ministry of Education and private sponsors. [3] The institute offers workshops with specialized technical personnel and a library focusing on contemporary art and art history. Students receive a scholarship and are offered a studio in which to live. In recent years nearly 1,200 students have applied for a place at the academy, and each year about 20 are accepted. The artists come from all over the world, with less than half from the Netherlands. Artists and art critics are often invited to visit student studios.
The academy awards a Prix de Rome to eligible artists and architects. The award originated with the French Prix de Rome in 1666. In 1808 Louis Bonaparte introduced the prize in the Netherlands to promote art, and it was supported by Dutch King William I. Since 1870 the Rijksakademie has made the award, the oldest and most valuable art prize in the Netherlands.
In 1985, the Prix de Rome was reorganised. Prize money was increased, and there were more participating artists; new art categories were added, which change annually. In 2006 its name was changed to "Prix de Rome.nl" and it is awarded in two categories: architecture and fine arts. The prize is €40,000 and a residency in Rome.
George Hendrik Breitner was a Dutch painter and photographer. An important figure in Amsterdam Impressionism, he is noted especially for his paintings of street scenes and harbours in a realistic style. He painted en plein air, and became interested in photography as a means of documenting street life and atmospheric effects – rainy weather in particular – as reference materials for his paintings.
The Hague School is a group of artists who lived and worked in The Hague between 1860 and 1890. Their work was heavily influenced by the realist painters of the French Barbizon school. The painters of the Hague school generally made use of relatively somber colors, which is why the Hague School is sometimes called the Gray School.
Amsterdam Impressionism was an art movement in late 19th-century Holland. It is associated especially with George Hendrik Breitner and is also known as the School of Allebé.
Pieter Florentius Nicolaas Jacobus Arntzenius was a Dutch painter, water-colourist, illustrator and printmaker. He is considered a representative of the younger generation of the Hague School.
Jan Pieter Veth was a Dutch painter, poet, art critic and university lecturer. He is especially noted as a portrait painter. Amongst his sitters were Max Liebermann, Lambertus Zijl, Frank van der Goes, Antoon Derkinderen and other contemporaries including various fellow painters.
Willem Arnoldus Witsen was a Dutch painter and photographer associated with the Amsterdam Impressionism movement.
August Allebé was an artist and teacher from the Northern Netherlands. His early paintings were in a romantic style, but in his later work he was an exponent of realism and impressionism. He was a major initiator and promoter of Amsterdam Impressionism, the artist's association St. Lucas, and the movement of the Amsterdamse Joffers. Amsterdam Impressionism – sometimes referred to by art historians as the School of Allebé – was the counterflow to the very strong Hague School in the movement of Dutch Impressionism. As a professor at the Royal Academy of Amsterdam he fostered a cosmopolitan attitude toward art and the promotion and motivation of his students, and provided a significant stimulus to developments in modern art.
Syvert Nicolaas Bastert, was a 19th-century Dutch landscape painter, best known for his scenes along the river Vecht. He is counted among the "second generation" of the Hague School.
The Tweede Schilderijenzaal, or Painting Gallery II, is one of two art gallery rooms in Teylers Museum. The Tweede Schilderijenzaal was built in 1893 as an extension of the first gallery.
Tjeerd (Tsjeard) Bottema was a Dutch painter, illustrator and book cover designer.
The Dutch Prix de Rome is based on the originally French Prix de Rome and is awarded annually to architects and artists younger than 35. The award was initiated in 1807 by Louis Bonaparte, then ruler of the Kingdom of Holland, and confirmed after independence by William I of the Netherlands. It was canceled in 1851 by the statesman Johan Rudolph Thorbecke and reinstated in 1870 by William III of the Netherlands. Since then the winners are selected by the Rijksakademie in Amsterdam.
George Jan Hendrik (Geo) Poggenbeek (1853–1903) was a 19th-century painter from Amsterdam, the Netherlands who maintained close contact with the Hague School.
Jan Hillebrand Wijsmuller was a Dutch painter. He belongs to The 2. Golden Age of Dutch Painting.
The Stadstekenacademie was an 18th-century art academy in Amsterdam. It was the precursor of the Koninklijke Academie and the Rijksakademie van beeldende kunsten. Other Dutch towns such as Haarlem also had a drawing academy.
Hendrik Johannes Haverman was a Dutch artist; known primarily for his portrait drawings.
Marten Ykes "Max" Nauta was a Dutch painter, especially noted for his portraits, and stained glass artist.
Jeanette Henriëtte Marcus (1891-1993) was a Dutch artist.
Jacqueline Marguerite van Nie (1897-1983) was a Dutch artist.
Johanna Hendrika Pieneman (1889-1986) was a Dutch artist.
Margaretha "Etha" Tekla Johanna Fles (1857-1948) was a Dutch artist and art critic.