 | This article relies largely or entirely on a single source .(December 2009) |
The N13 is a trunk road (route nationale) [1] in France between Paris and Cherbourg.
| | This article relies largely or entirely on a single source .(December 2009) |
The N13 is a trunk road (route nationale) [1] in France between Paris and Cherbourg.
The road begins at Porte Maillot, one of former gates in western Paris, in direct alignment with the Champs-Élysées. Continuing on this alignment, the road reaches La Défense after crossing the Seine. Then, as the Boulevard circulaire, orbits around La Défense. To the west of La Défense, the A14 autoroute leaves Paris towards Orgeval and the A13 autoroute.
Breaking from its previous straight course, the N13 follows the curves of the river Seine to reach Saint-Germain-en-Laye, passing Nanterre, Le Port-Marly on the way. Exiting Saint-Germain-en-Laye and Chambourcy, the N13 resumes a linear course towards Normandy, crossing the A13 autoroute at Orgeval.
The road heads West through Aubergenville and Mantes-la-Jolie. At Bonnières-sur-Seine the N 15 to Le Havre branches off North-West while the N 13 heads West. The road crosses the A13 again through rolling countryside to Pacy-sur-Eure and then to Évreux. There, a junction here with the RN154 was built in the 1990s following the upgrading of the N154 to motorway status from Louviers to La Madeleine-de-Nonancourt.
The road between Évreux and Caen follows a straight course of a former Roman road linking Paris to Normandy. The road crosses the river Risle and the A28 autoroute at La Rivière-Thibouville. The road bypasses the town of Lisieux before dropping into the Plaine de Caen, where it crosses the river Dives. The road then heads Northwest into Caen in which the N13 is now de-classified.
After Caen, the road continues northwest past the Ardenne Abbey and around the historic town of Bayeux. The road's old course out of Bayeux has been numbered RD 513 while the new road, a dual carriageway, follows a non-linear course towards Carentan. The road passes the small town of Carentan and turns North towards Valognes and then the port of Cherbourg. Carentan bypass, built between 1994 and 1996, goes underneath the Canal de Carentan, where signals control access to the tunnel below the waterway.
The course of the RN 13 has changed little since its creation but has been largely renumbered and its maintenance is mainly in the hands of local authorities; DDE. The N13 has been completely de-classified between Paris and Chauffour-lès-Bonnières (except in Neuilly-sur-Seine and in Saint-Germain-en-Laye) and between Parville and Caen.
Although the road remains heavily used, traffic has diminished since the opening of the A13 autoroute.
Normandy is a geographical and cultural region in northwestern Europe, roughly coextensive with the historical Duchy of Normandy.
The Battle of Formigny, fought on 15 April 1450, was a major battle of the Hundred Years' War between England and France. A decisive French victory that destroyed the last significant English field army in Normandy, it paved the way for the capture of their remaining strongholds.
The autoroute system in France consists largely of toll roads. It is a network of 11,882 km (7,383 mi) of motorways as of 2014. On road signs, autoroute destinations are shown in blue, while destinations reached through a combination of autoroutes are shown with an added autoroute logo. Toll autoroutes are signalled with the word péage.
The arrondissement of Saint-Germain-en-Laye is an arrondissement of France in the Yvelines department in the Île-de-France region. It has 44 communes. Its population is 524,951 (2019), and its area is 350.9 km2 (135.5 sq mi).
The Compagnie des chemins de fer de l'Ouest, often referred to simply as L'Ouest or Ouest, was an early French railway company which operated from the years 1855 through 1909.
Autoroute 13, or L'Autoroute de Normandie links Paris to Caen, Calvados.
The Route nationale 14, N14, is a trunk road (nationale) in France between Paris and Rouen, running through Pontoise, Magny-en-Vexin, Saint-Clair-sur-Epte and Fleury-sur-Andelle. Until the 1950s, it was going until Le Havre through Yvetot.
The N 15 was a trunk road in France.
The autoroute A14 is an autoroute in the western suburbs of Paris, France. It connects the business district of La Défense, at Nanterre (Hauts-de-Seine), to Orgeval (Yvelines) where it joins the A13. Its operation is managed by the Sanef group.
Events from the year 1944 in France.
The Ligne nouvelle Paris - Normandie (LNPN), also known as the LGV Normandie is a planned French high-speed rail line project to link Paris and Normandy. Trains will run at 250 km/h (155 mph) with a new TGV station serving Rouen.
The Route nationale 12, or RN12, is a trunk road (nationale) in France connecting Paris with Brittany. The road forms part of European route E50. It is approximately 570 km (350 mi) long.
Normandy was a province in the North-West of France under the Ancien Régime which lasted until the later part of the 18th century. Initially populated by Celtic tribes in the West and Belgic tribes in the North East, it was conquered in AD 98 by the Romans and integrated into the province of Gallia Lugdunensis by Augustus. In the 4th century, Gratian divided the province into the civitates that constitute the historical borders. After the fall of Rome in the 5th century, the Franks became the dominant ethnic group in the area and built several monasteries. Towards the end of the 9th century, Viking raids devastated the region, prompting the establishment of the Duchy of Normandy in 911. After 150 years of expansion, the borders of Normandy reached relative stability. These old borders roughly correspond to the present borders of Lower Normandy, Upper Normandy and the Channel Islands. Mainland Normandy was integrated into the Kingdom of France in 1204. The region was badly damaged during the Hundred Years War and the Wars of Religion, the Normans having more converts to Protestantism than other peoples of France. In the 20th century, D-Day, the 1944 Allied invasion of Western Europe, started in Normandy. In 1956, mainland Normandy was separated into two regions, Lower Normandy and Upper Normandy, which were reunified in 2016.
The A84 autoroute is a major motorway in western France completed on 27 January 2003 to connect the cities of Rennes in Brittany with Caen in Lower Normandy. It is part of the Autoroute des Estuaires from Belgium to Spain, avoiding Paris.
Chambourcy is a commune in the Yvelines department in the Île-de-France region in north-central France. It is located 3 km (1.9 mi) west of Saint-Germain-en-Laye and about 25 km (16 mi) west of Paris.
European route E3 is a series of roads in France, part of the United Nations International E-road network. It runs from Cherbourg to La Rochelle.
The Paris–Le Havre railway is an important 228-kilometre long railway line, that connects Paris to the northwestern port city Le Havre via Rouen. Among the first railway lines in France, the section from Paris to Rouen opened on 9 May 1843, followed by the section from Rouen to Le Havre that opened on 22 March 1847.
The Battle of Brécourt or Battle of Vernon was a battle on 13–14 July 1793 between the National Convention and the federalists during the Federalist revolts. It marked the end of the federalist revolt in Normandy and in Brittany.
