Rumah ulu is a vernacular house found in the highlands of South Sumatra, Indonesia. The house is associated with the Uluan people, who reside in the region upstream of the Ogan and Musi rivers.
Rumah ulu is a vernacular house found in the highlands of South Sumatra, Indonesia. The house is associated with the Uluan people, who reside in the region upstream of the Ogan and Musi rivers.
Rumah ulu is a traditional house of people living upstream of Musi River, South Sumatra. The name ulu is derived from the word uluan, which means "upstream". The term is also used as a generalization for rural inhabitants of the mountain range of Central Bukit Barisan upstream of the River. The current province of South Sumatra encompasses only a small part of the former administrative region of South Sumatra (the present Sumbagsel or Southern Region of Sumatra), consisting of the provinces of Bengkulu, Jambi, Lampung, and South Sumatra proper (the former Palembang Sultanate). [1]
With modernity, less and less rumah ulu can be found in the hinterland. No new ulu house have been constructed since the 1920s. [2] A 200 years old ulu house is kept in the Balaputradeva Museum. The rumah ulu in the museum was taken from Asamkelat Village in Pengandonan Subdistrict of Ogan Komering Ulu Regency. [3] A couple of old and large rumah ulu can still be found near Baturaja, although without conservation status, these too may be destroyed.
Rumah ulu evolved from an older type of houses known as the rumah uluan, the most basic form of rumah ulu. Rumah uluan is basically a type of wooden stage house, typical vernacular architecture in the Nusantara archipelago. [2]
Rumah uluan was built over very thick wooden posts (tiang duduk/kong), usually numbered six to nine. The posts are about 1.5 metres (4.9 ft) high. A strong hardwood e.g. ulin is used for the posts. [3] The posts are not sunk into the ground, but stand over a flat river stone. [2]
The proper house (dalam) has a square layout. [3] Construction method for the house involves placing a complete frame of the house on top of the posts. The layout is simple, with space divided into two different levels by a 15 centimetres (5.9 in)-high dividing beam (sengkar). The lower area (tempuan), about two-thirds of the total floor area, is where the entrance is located. The lower space is used to prepare and to consume food, with the hearth placed in one corner. In a larger house, the kitchen is located in an additional building known as the beruge. The higher one-third floor area (luan) marks the more private sleeping area. This higher area is also used as the place where elders, or members of the bridge-giving lineage, were seated. The word luan means "stern" of a boat. [2]
Rumah uluan's roof is characterized with projecting gables and rafters which rest on flying roof plates. The construction technique is similar with the Toba Batak houses. [2]
The degree of decorations indicates the wealth of the house owners. Relief carvings (tatahan) are found in places e.g. on the studs and beams of the frame. Frequent motifs are floral e.g., bunge bulan (moonflower) or kembang matahari (sunflower), usually carved on door and the outside of the luan wall. [2]
The interior of rumah ulu is divided into three parts namely the front room, the middle room, and the back room. These three spaces are further divided into rooms e.g. the living room (garang or lintut); the resting room (haluan/luan and kakudan); the elder room (ruang gedongan or ambin), and ruangan dapur (kitchen). [4] [3]
The living room (garang or lintut) is the place where the homeowner can have a chat in the afternoon after doing a work routine. The resting room is divided into a male resting space (haluan) and a female resting space (kakudan). The elder room (ruang gedongan or ambin) is the most central part of the rumah ulu and is located on the highest platform in the house. This room is used for the eldest of the family to give counsel or share wisdom in the form of stories to the children and the grandchildren. [4] [3]
The hierarchy of space of the uluan is defined by a rule known as the ulu-ulak (ilir) system. In village organization, if a new younger member of the family is planning to build a new house, the house must always be situated on the downstream side of the older house. This results in a clear village organization where the oldest house in the village is always located on the upstream side. [4]
Palembang is the capital city of the Indonesian province of South Sumatra. The city proper covers 352.51 square kilometres on both banks of the Musi River in the eastern lowlands of southern Sumatra. It had a population of 1,668,848 at the 2020 Census; the official estimate as at mid 2023 was 1,772,492. Palembang is the second most populous city in Sumatra, after Medan, and the twelfth most populous city in Indonesia.
South Sumatra is a province of Indonesia, located in the southeast of the island of Sumatra. The capital and largest city of the province is the city of Palembang. The province borders the provinces of Jambi to the north, Bengkulu to the west and Lampung to the south, as well a maritime border with the Bangka Belitung Islands to the east. It is the largest province in the island of Sumatra, and it is slightly smaller than Portugal, the department of Boquerón in Paraguay or the U.S. state of Maine. The Bangka Strait in the east separates South Sumatra and the island of Bangka, which is part of the Bangka Belitung Islands province. The province has an area of 91,592.43 km2 (35,364 sq mi) and had a population of 8,467,432 at the 2020 Census; the official estimate as at mid-2023 was 8,743,522. The province is rich in natural resources, such as petroleum, natural gas and coal. The province is inhabited by many different malay sub ethnic groups, with Palembangese being largest ethnic group. Most speak the Palembang language, which is mutually intelligible to both Indonesian and local Palembang Malay. Other ethnic groups include the Javanese, Sundanese, Minangkabau and Chinese. Most are concentrated in urban areas and are largely immigrants from other parts of Indonesia.
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Ogan Komering Ilir Regency is a regency of South Sumatra Province, Indonesia. It takes its name from the Ogan River and the Komering River, which are the two main rivers that drain the area. The name Ilir means downstream. The administrative centre is the town of Kayu Agung. The regency borders Banyuasin Regency to the northwest, Bangka Strait, and the Java Sea to the east, Lampung Province to the south, and Palembang city, Ogan Ilir Regency, and East Ogan Komering Ulu Regency to the west.
Ogan Ilir Regency is a regency of South Sumatra Province, Indonesia. It takes its name from the main river which stream that area, Ogan River. And the name Ilir means downstream. Indralaya is the regency seat. The regency borders Palembang City and Muara Enim Regency to the north, Ogan Komering Ilir Regency to the east, Ogan Komering Ilir Regency, and East Ogan Komering Ulu Regency to the south, and Muara Enim Regency to the west.
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