Rusty-faced parrot

Rusty-faced parrot
Conservation status
	; Near Threatened (IUCN 3.1)
	CITES Appendix II (CITES)
Scientific classification
Domain:	Eukaryota
Kingdom:	Animalia
Phylum:	Chordata
Class:	Aves
Order:	Psittaciformes
Family:	Psittacidae
Genus:	Hapalopsittaca
Species:	H. amazonina
Binomial name
	Hapalopsittaca amazonina; (Des Murs, 1845)

Last updated March 04, 2024

The rusty-faced parrot (Hapalopsittaca amazonina) is a Near Threatened species of bird in subfamily Arinae of the family Psittacidae, the African and New World parrots. It is found in Colombia and Venezuela and possibly Ecuador.^[3]^[1]^[4]

Taxonomy and systematics

The rusty-faced parrot has these three subspecies:^[3]

H. a. theresae(Hellmayr, 1915)
H. a. veleziGraves, GR & Restrepo, 1989
H. a. amazonina(Des Murs, 1845)

What are now Fuertes's parrot (H. fuertesi) and the red-faced parrot (H. pyrrhops) were previously treated as subspecies of the rusty-faced parrot. The three now make a superspecies.^[5]

Description

The rusty-faced parrot is about 23 cm (9.1 in) long and weighs 97 to 115 g (3.4 to 4.1 oz). Adults of the nominate subspecies H. a. amazonina have a dull orange-red forehead and crown, yellow lores, an orange-red chin, and brownish red ear coverts with yellow streaks. Their upperparts are green with a red shoulder. Their breast is buffy olive and the rest of their underparts grass green. Their primaries and secondary coverts are blue, the former darker than the latter. Their tail is dark red with blue-black to violet blue tips. Immature birds have a duller red face with fewer yellow streaks than adults. Subspecies H. a. theresae has darker green upperparts than the nominate, and the red on their face is more brownish, their ear coverts darker, and their breast rusty olive. H. a. velezi is like the nominate with the addition of a golden olive hindneck and nape.^[6]

Distribution and habitat

The subspecies of the rusty-faced parrot are found thus:^[3]^[6]

H. a. theresae, northwestern Venezuela from central Trujillo to northern Táchira
H. a. velezi, Colombia's Western and Central Andes and possibly extreme northern Ecuador
H. a. amazonina, Colombia's Eastern Andes and extreme western Venezuela

Undocumented sight records in Ecuador lead the South American Classification Committee of the American Ornithological Society to classify the species as hypothetical in that country.^[4]

The rusty-faced parrot mostly inhabits very wet cloudforest, though H. a. velezi has been recorded where the alder Alnus acuminata has been used for reforestation. In elevation it mostly ranges between 2,500 and 3,000 m (8,200 and 9,800 ft) but has been recorded as low as 1,500 m (4,900 ft) and as high as 3,500 m (11,500 ft).^[6]^[7]

Behavior

Movement

Only small elevational movements are known for the rusty-faced parrot.^[6]

Feeding

The rusty-faced parrot feeds on seeds and fruit including those of genus Clusia and mistletoes.^[6]

Breeding

Nothing is known about the rusty-faced parrot's breeding biology.^[6]

Songs and calls

Listen to rusty=faced parrot on xeno-canto

Vocalization

The rusty-faced parrot's flight call is "a repeated strident and loud “creek!”." It also makes " similar piercing calls such as “creenk!” or a more bisyllabic “shreeank” " when perched.^[6]

Status

The IUCN originally assessed the rusty-faced parrot as Threatened, then in 1994 as Endangered, in 2005 as Vulnerable, and since 2021 as Near Threatened. It has a limited range and its estimated population of below 10,000 mature individuals is believed to be decreasing. The primary threat is deforestation for human settlement expansion, agriculture, ranching, and other purposes.^[6] The species is considered rare throughout its range; much of its original habitat has already been cleared or degraded. Though it occurs in two Venezuelan national parks, they are threatened by human encroachment.^[6]

Related Research Articles

The grey-rumped swift or gray-rumped swift is a species of bird in subfamily Apodinae of the swift family Apodidae. It is found in Honduras, Nicaragua, Costa Rica, and Panama; in every mainland South American country except Chile, French Guiana, Suriname, and Uruguay; in Trinidad and Tobago; and on Grenada.

Fuertes's parrot, also known as the indigo-winged parrot, is an Endangered species of bird in subfamily Arinae of the family Psittacidae, the African and New World parrots. It is endemic to Colombia.

The little woodpecker is a species of bird in subfamily Picinae of the woodpecker family Picidae. It is found in every mainland South American country except Chile, Suriname, and Uruguay.

The blue-cheeked amazon, also known as blue-cheeked parrot or Dufresne's amazon, is a Near Threatened species of bird in subfamily Arinae of the family Psittacidae, the African and New World parrots. It is found in Brazil, the Guianas, and Venezuela.

The rusty-breasted nunlet is a species of near-passerine bird in the family Bucconidae, the puffbirds, nunlets, and nunbirds. It is found in Argentina, Brazil, Colombia, Ecuador, Guyana, Paraguay, Peru, Suriname, Venezuela, and possibly French Guiana.

Buckley's forest falcon, also called lesser collared forest-falcon and Traylor's forest-falcon, is a species of bird of prey in subfamily Herpetotherinae of family Falconidae, the falcons and caracaras. It is found in Bolivia, Brazil, Eucador, Peru, and possibly Colombia and Venezuela.

The sharp-tailed streamcreeper,, is a passerine bird of South America in the Furnariinae subfamily of the ovenbird family Furnariidae. Alternate names include streamside Lochmias, sharp-tailed creeper, and simply streamcreeper. It is found in Panama and every mainland South American country except Chile, French Guiana, and Suriname.

The red-billed parrot, also known as coral-billed pionus or red-billed pionus, is a species of bird in subfamily Arinae of the family Psittacidae, the African and New World parrots. It is found in Bolivia, Colombia, Ecuador, Peru, and Venezuela.

The scaly-throated foliage-gleaner, also known as the spectacled foliage-gleaner, is a species of bird in the Furnariinae subfamily of the ovenbird family Furnariidae. It is found in Mexico, in every Central American country except Nicaragua, and in Colombia and Ecuador.

The rusty-backed spinetail is a Neotropical species of bird in the Furnariinae subfamily of the ovenbird family Furnariidae. It is found in Bolivia, Brazil, Colombia, Paraguay, Peru, Venezuela, and possibly Guyana.

The spot-throated woodcreeper is a species of bird in subfamily Dendrocolaptinae of the ovenbird family Furnariidae. It is found in Brazil, Colombia, Ecuador, French Guiana, Guyana, Peru, Venezuela, and possibly Suriname.

The bar-bellied woodcreeper is a species of bird in the subfamily Dendrocolaptinae of the ovenbird family Furnariidae. It is found in Bolivia, Brazil, Colombia, Ecuador, and Peru.

The slaty-winged foliage-gleaner is a species of bird in the Furnariinae subfamily of the ovenbird family Furnariidae. It is found in Colombia, Ecuador, and Panama.

The rusty-winged barbtail is a species of bird in the Furnariinae subfamily of the ovenbird family Furnariidae. It is found in Colombia, Ecuador, Peru, and Venezuela.

The spectacled prickletail is a species of bird in the Furnariinae subfamily of the ovenbird family Furnariidae. It is found in Colombia, Ecuador, and Peru.

The scaly-breasted woodpecker, also known as the scale-breasted woodpecker, is a subspecies of bird in subfamily Picinae of the woodpecker family Picidae. Some taxonomists consider it a separate species. It is found in Bolivia, Brazil, Colombia, Ecuador, Peru, and Venezuela.

The red-stained woodpecker is a species of bird in subfamily Picinae of the woodpecker family Picidae. It is found in Bolivia, Brazil, Colombia, Ecuador, Peru, and Venezuela.

The yellow-vented woodpecker is a species of bird in subfamily Picinae of the woodpecker family Picidae. It is found in Colombia, Ecuador, Peru, and Venezuela.

The Amazonian trogon, is a species of bird in the family Trogonidae, the trogons and quetzals. It is found in Bolivia, Brazil, Colombia, Ecuador, Peru, and Venezuela.

The white-capped parrot or white-capped pionus is a species of bird in subfamily Arinae of the family Psittacidae, the African and New World parrots. It is found in Colombia, Ecuador, Peru, and Venezuela.

References

1 2 BirdLife International (2021). "Rusty-faced Parrot Hapalopsittaca amazonina". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species . 2021: e.T22686158A195234208. doi: 10.2305/IUCN.UK.2021-3.RLTS.T22686158A195234208.en . Retrieved 25 February 2023.
↑ "Appendices | CITES". cites.org. Retrieved February 24, 2023.
1 2 3 Gill, F.; Donsker, D.; Rasmussen, P., eds. (January 2023). "Parrots, cockatoos". IOC World Bird List. v 13.1. Retrieved 18 February 2023.
1 2 Remsen, J. V., Jr., J. I. Areta, E. Bonaccorso, S. Claramunt, A. Jaramillo, D. F. Lane, J. F. Pacheco, M. B. Robbins, F. G. Stiles, and K. J. Zimmer. 30 January 2023. Species Lists of Birds for South American Countries and Territories. https://www.museum.lsu.edu/~Remsen/SACCCountryLists.htm retrieved January 30, 2023
↑ Remsen, J. V., Jr., J. I. Areta, E. Bonaccorso, S. Claramunt, A. Jaramillo, D. F. Lane, J. F. Pacheco, M. B. Robbins, F. G. Stiles, and K. J. Zimmer. Version 30 January 2023. A classification of the bird species of South America. American Ornithological Society. https://www.museum.lsu.edu/~Remsen/SACCBaseline.htm retrieved January 30, 2023
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 Collar, N. and P. F. D. Boesman (2020). Rusty-faced Parrot (Hapalopsittaca amazonina), version 1.0. In Birds of the World (J. del Hoyo, A. Elliott, J. Sargatal, D. A. Christie, and E. de Juana, Editors). Cornell Lab of Ornithology, Ithaca, NY, USA. https://doi.org/10.2173/bow.rufpar2.01 retrieved February 25, 2023
↑ McMullan, Miles; Donegan, Thomas M.; Quevedo, Alonso (2010). Field Guide to the Birds of Colombia. Bogotá: Fundación ProAves. p. 65. ISBN 978-0-9827615-0-2.