Rytigynia

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Rytigynia
Scientific classification Red Pencil Icon.png
Kingdom: Plantae
Clade: Tracheophytes
Clade: Angiosperms
Clade: Eudicots
Clade: Asterids
Order: Gentianales
Family: Rubiaceae
Subfamily: Ixoroideae
Tribe: Vanguerieae
Genus: Rytigynia
Blume
Type species
Rytigynia senegalensis

Rytigynia is a genus of flowering plants in the family Rubiaceae. It is found in tropical and southern Africa. The genera Rytigynia and Fadogia form a strongly supported clade but neither of these genera is monophyletic. [1]

Contents

Distribution

Rytigynia is found in Tropical Africa. R. senegalensis and R. umbellulata are the two most widespread species and they are found from Senegal to Sudan to Botswana. R. celastroides has the southernmost distribution and occurs as far south as KwaZulu-Natal. However, most species are more restricted in distribution area and they are often found in either West or East Africa. Half of the species is even endemic to one country. One-third of all Rytigynia species is found in Tanzania, and many of them are endemics. [2]

Bacterial leaf symbiosis

Endophytic bacteria are housed in the intercellular space of the leaf mesophyll tissue. The presence of these bacteria can only be microscopically ascertained. The bacteria are identified as Burkholderia , which is a genus that is also found in the leaves of other Rubiaceae species. [3] [4] The hypothesis is that these endophytic bacteria provide chemical protection against insect herbivory. [5]

Species

Related Research Articles

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Rubiaceae</span> Family of flowering plants including coffee, madder and bedstraw

The Rubiaceae are a family of flowering plants, commonly known as the coffee, madder, or bedstraw family. It consists of terrestrial trees, shrubs, lianas, or herbs that are recognizable by simple, opposite leaves with interpetiolar stipules and sympetalous actinomorphic flowers. The family contains about 13,500 species in about 620 genera, which makes it the fourth-largest angiosperm family. Rubiaceae has a cosmopolitan distribution; however, the largest species diversity is concentrated in the tropics and subtropics. Economically important genera include Coffea, the source of coffee, Cinchona, the source of the antimalarial alkaloid quinine, some dye plants, and ornamental cultivars.

<i>Canthium</i> Genus of plants

Canthium is a genus of flowering plants in the family Rubiaceae. They are shrubs and small trees. The leaves are deciduous and the stems are usually thorny.

<i>Pauridiantha</i> Genus of plants

Pauridiantha is an afrotropical genus of plant in family Rubiaceae. It contains the following species :

<i>Pavetta</i> Genus of flowering plants in the coffee, madder and bedstraw family Rubiaceae

Pavetta is a genus of flowering plants in the family Rubiaceae. It comprises about 360 species of trees, evergreen shrubs and sub-shrubs. It is found in woodlands, grasslands and thickets in sub-tropical and tropical Africa and Asia. The plants are cultivated for their simple but variable leaves, usually opposite but also occur in triple whorls. The leaves are often membranous with dark bacterial nodules. Pavetta has small, white, tubular flowers, sometimes salviform or funnel-shaped with 4 spreading petal lobes. The flowers are carried on terminal corymbs or cymes.

<i>Polysphaeria</i> Genus of plants

Polysphaeria is a genus of plants in the family Rubiaceae, and its native range is Madagascar and Tropical Africa. It contains the following 22 species according to Plants of the World Online:

<i>Psydrax</i> Genus of flowering plants

Psydrax is a genus of flowering plants in the family Rubiaceae. It consists of trees, shrubs, and a few lianas in the paleotropics.

Sericanthe is a genus of flowering plants in the family Rubiaceae. It is found in tropical and subtropical Africa. The genus was described by Elmar Robbrecht in 1978 based on the species in Neorosea, except for the type species, Neorosea jasminiflora, which went to Tricalysia. Bacterial leaf nodules are found in most of the species and the endophytic bacteria have been identified as Burkholderia.

<i>Tricalysia</i> Genus of plants

Tricalysia is a genus of flowering plants in the family Rubiaceae. The genus is found in tropical and southern Africa and on the islands in the Western Indian Ocean.

<i>Vangueria</i> Genus of flowering plants

Vangueria is a genus of flowering plants in the family Rubiaceae. The genus is named for Voa vanguer, as V. madagascariensis is known in Malagasy.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Vanguerieae</span> Tribe of flowering plants

Vanguerieae is a tribe of flowering plants in the family Rubiaceae and contains about 655 species in 30 genera. It is one of the most species-rich groups within the family and it is distributed all over the Paleotropics.

<i>Fadogia</i> Genus of plants

Fadogia is a genus of flowering plants in the family Rubiaceae. The genera Rytigynia and Fadogia form a strongly supported clade but neither of these genera is monophyletic.

Fadogiella is a small genus of flowering plants in the family Rubiaceae. It was described by Walter Robyns in 1928.

Peponidium is a genus of flowering plants in the family Rubiaceae. The genus is endemic to Madagascar, except for Peponidium ovato-oblongum and Peponidium venulosum that are found on the Comoros, and Peponidium carinatum and Peponidium celastroides that are found on the Seychelles.

Vangueriella is a genus of flowering plants in the family Rubiaceae. The genus is found in tropical Africa.

Cuviera is a genus of flowering plants in the family Rubiaceae native to tropical Africa. It was originally described by Augustin Pyramus de Candolle in 1807 and is named after the French naturalist Georges Cuvier.

Globulostylis is a genus of flowering plants in the family Rubiaceae. It comprises 8 species growing in Central Africa.

<i>Vangueria pygmaea</i> Species of plant

Vangueria pygmaea is a species of flowering plant in the family Rubiaceae.

Chazaliella is a genus of flowering plants in the family Rubiaceae. It has about 20 species native to tropical Africa from Liberia to Tanzania and south to Zimbabwe.

References

  1. Lantz H, Bremer B (2004). "Phylogeny inferred from morphology and DNA data: characterizing well-supported groups in Vanguerieae (Rubiaceae)". Botanical Journal of the Linnean Society. 146 (3): 257–283. doi: 10.1111/j.1095-8339.2004.00338.x .
  2. "Rytigynia in the World Checklist of Rubiaceae" . Retrieved October 28, 2013.
  3. Verstraete B, Janssens S, Smets E, Dessein S (2013). "Symbiotic beta-proteobacteria beyond legumes: Burkholderia in Rubiaceae". PLOS ONE. 8 (1): e55260. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0055260 . PMC   3555867 . PMID   23372845.
  4. Verstraete B, Janssens S, Lemaire B, Smets E, Dessein S (2013). "Phylogenetic lineages in Vanguerieae (Rubiaceae) associated with Burkholderia bacteria in sub-Saharan Africa". American Journal of Botany. 100 (12): 2380–2387. doi:10.3732/ajb.1300303. PMID   24275705.
  5. Sieber S, Carlier A, Neuburger M, Grabenweger G, Eberl L, Gademann K (2015). "Isolation and total synthesis of kirkamide, an aminocyclitol from an obligate leaf nodule symbiont" (PDF). Angewandte Chemie International Edition. 54 (27): 7968–7970. doi:10.1002/anie.201502696. PMID   26033226.