The Indian National Congress (INC),colloquially the Congress Party or simply the Congress,is a political party in India with widespread roots. Founded in 1885,it was the first modern nationalist movement to emerge in the British Empire in Asia and Africa. From the late 19th century,and especially after 1920,under the leadership of Mahatma Gandhi,the Congress became the principal leader of the Indian independence movement. The Congress led India to independence from the United Kingdom,and significantly influenced other anti-colonial nationalist movements in the British Empire.
Gulzarilal Nanda was an Indian politician and economist who specialised in labour issues. He was the Interim Prime Minister of India for two 13-day tenures following the deaths of Jawaharlal Nehru in 1964 and Lal Bahadur Shastri in 1966 respectively. Both his terms ended after the ruling Indian National Congress's parliamentary party elected a new prime minister. He was awarded the Bharat Ratna,India's highest civilian award,in 1997.
Manmohan Singh is an Indian retired politician,economist,academician and bureaucrat who served as the 13th Prime Minister of India from 2004 to 2014. He is the third longest-serving prime minister after Jawaharlal Nehru and Indira Gandhi. A member of the Indian National Congress,Singh was the first Sikh prime minister of India. He was also the first prime minister since Jawaharlal Nehru to be re-elected after completing a full five-year term.
Jamui is a town and a municipality in Jamui district in the Indian state of Bihar. It is the district headquarter of Jamui district. Jamui was formed as a district on 21 February 1991 as a result of its separation from Munger. It is part of Munger Division. The town is situated about 60km South-West of Munger.
The Planning Commission was an institution in the Government of India which formulated India's Five-Year Plans,among other functions.
The Licence Raj or Permit Raj is a pejorative for the system of strict government control and regulation of the Indian economy that was in place from the 1950s to the early 1990s. Under this system,businesses in India were required to obtain licences from the government in order to operate,and these licences were often difficult to obtain.
Balwantrai Mehta was an Indian politician who served as the second Chief Minister of Gujarat state,India. He participated in Indian independence movement and later held various public offices. He is considered as the 'Architect of Panchayati Raj ' due to his contributions towards democratic decentralisation.
From 1947 to 2017,the Indian economy was premised on the concept of planning. This was carried through the Five-Year Plans,developed,executed,and monitored by the Planning Commission (1951–2014) and the NITI Aayog (2015–2017). With the prime minister as the ex-officio chairman,the commission has a nominated deputy chairman,who holds the rank of a cabinet minister. Montek Singh Ahluwalia is the last deputy chairman of the commission. The Twelfth Plan completed its term in March 2017. Prior to the Fourth Plan,the allocation of state resources was based on schematic patterns rather than a transparent and objective mechanism,which led to the adoption for the Gadgil formula in 1969. Revised versions of the formula have been used since then to determine the allocation of central assistance for state plans. The new government led by Narendra Modi,elected in 2014,announced the dissolution of the Planning Commission,and its replacement by a think tank called the NITI Aayog.
Samastipur is one of the thirty-eight districts of Bihar in India. The district headquarters are located at Samastipur. The district occupies an area of 2904 km²and has a population of 4,261,566.
The Indian Institutes of Technology (IITs) are the premier autonomous public technical and research universities located across India,founded under the leadership of Pandit Jawaharlal Nehru.
Panchayati raj is the system of local self-government of villages in rural India as opposed to urban and suburban municipalities.
The Sampoorna Grameen Rozgar Yojana was a scheme launched by the Government of India to gain the objective of providing gainful employment for the rural poor. From 21 February 2003,EAS became an allocation-based scheme. The programme was implemented through the Panchayati Raj institutions.
The Ministry of Micro,Small and Medium Enterprises is the ministry in the Government of India. It is the apex executive body for the formulation and administration of rules,regulations and laws relating to micro,small and medium enterprises in India. The Minister of Micro,Small and Medium Enterprises is Narayan Rane.
Kerala is a state on the southwestern coast of India. It is known for its high literacy rate,low infant mortality rate,and long life expectancy. Kerala has also been a pioneer in the field of decentralization and participatory local democracy.
Local government in India is governmental jurisdiction below the level of the state. Local self-government means that residents in towns,villages and rural settlements are the people who elect local councils and their heads authorising them to solve the important issues. India is a federal republic with three spheres of government:central,state and local. The 73rd and 74th constitutional amendments give recognition and protection to local governments and in addition each state has its own local government legislation. Since 1992,local government in India takes place in two very distinct forms. Urban localities,covered in the 74th amendment to the Constitution,have Nagar Palika but derive their powers from the individual state governments,while the powers of rural localities have been formalized under the panchayati raj system,under the 73rd amendment to the Constitution.
The Nehru–Gandhi family is an Indian political family that has occupied a prominent place in the politics of India. The involvement of the family has traditionally revolved around the Indian National Congress,as various members have traditionally led the party. Three members of the family—Jawaharlal Nehru,Indira Gandhi and Rajiv Gandhi—have served as the prime minister of India,while several others have been members of parliament (MP).
Narendra Singh Tomar is an Indian politician and a member of the Madhya Pradesh Legislative Assembly. He is the former Minister of Agriculture and Farmers' Welfare. He has been Minister of Rural Development,Minister of Panchayati Raj,Minister of Mines and Minister of Parliamentary Affairs in the Government of India during different periods of the First and Second Modi ministry. He is a leader of Bharatiya Janata Party. He was also a member of Fifteenth Lok Sabha from 2009 to 2014 from Morena;Sixteenth Lok Sabha from 2014 to 2019 from Gwalior and 17th Lok Sabha from 2019 to 2023 from Morena. In 2019,he changed his constituency and was re-elected to the Lok Sabha from Morena.
Subhash C. Kashyap is a former secretary-general of 7th Lok Sabha,8th Lok Sabha and 9th Lok Sabha and Lok Sabha Secretariat from 1984 to 1990. He is also a well known political scientist,an expert in the Indian Constitution,Constitutional Law,Parliamentary Experts and a distinguished scholar. He also headed an International Centre for Parliamentary Documentation,IPU at Geneva till 1983. Kashyap was honorary constitutional advisor to the Government of India on Panchayati Raj Laws and Institutions. He is also recipient of several prestigious awards for the Best Books in Constitution,Law and Political Science. At present Dr. Kashyap is an honorary research professor at the Centre for Policy Research (CPR),New Delhi. He was also a member of the National Commission to Review the Working of Constitution and chairman of its drafting and editorial committee.
Manubhai Shah was an Indian politician who played an important political and developmental role in independent India for over half a century. He was the inugural minister of Ministry of Heavy Industries.
The Panchayat raj is a political system,originating from the Indian subcontinent,found mainly in India,Pakistan,Bangladesh,Sri Lanka,and Nepal. It is one of the oldest systems of local government in the Indian subcontinent,and historical mentions date to around 250 CE. The word raj means "rule" and panchayat means "assembly" (ayat) of five (panch). Traditionally,Panchayats consisted of wise and respected elders chosen and accepted by the local community. These assemblies settled disputes between both individuals and villages. However,there were varying forms of such assemblies.
