HRMC historical marker installed in 1937Church interior, taken in 1899 or 1900
Before the land seizure of the Spanish, the area of today's San Pedro de Macati was part of the Kingdom of Sapa or Namayan, ruled by the Rajah Kalamayin whose residence was in Namayan, now part of Santa Ana, Manila.[4] The Franciscan missionaries were the first to convert the indigenousTagalog of Sapa to Christianity by 1578, after they had turned the original barangay into a visita called Santa Ana de Sapa in 1570.
In 1589, Capitan Pedro de Brito, then an aide to the Spanish army chief of staff, purchased today's church premises as part of a large property with a public bid of 1,400 pesos, and installed his encomienda called "Hacienda Pedro". On July 1, 1608, de Brito, now the newly elected alferez general, and his wife Ana de Herrera donated part of their land to the Jesuits. Gregorio Lopez accepted the deed of donation and an endowment of 14,000 pesos for a house of probation. This house and the church were to be built in the highest hill in the area called Buenavista and were to be placed under the patronage of Saint Peter, the donor's name patron.[5]
Construction of the first church was finished in 1620 under the direction of Pedro de los Montes. As the Jesuit encomienda began to earn at least 30,000 pesos annually from the production of earthenware, their vision of building an imposing structure could begin to be realized. The church known as San Pedro y Pablo Viejo was made from hewn stone, pebbles, and gravel mixed with mortar. Its facade is dominated with a three tiered papal tiara with the cross keys of Saint Peter. In 1718, an ivory image of the Blessed Virgin Mary depicted as Virgen de la Rosa (Virgin of the Rose) was brought from Mexico to the Philippines through the Manila–Acapulco Galleon trade by Jesuit Juan Delgado. This image of the Virgin Mary was enshrined in this church and was frequently venerated due to a relic of the Virgin's hair supposedly encapsuled in the image's breast.
According to a narrative by Nick Joaquin, this concept was backed by Pedro Murillo's description in his Historia de la Provincia de Filipinas de la Compania de Jesus (1749):
"Your most holy image of the Nuestra Señora de la Rosa has on her breast a most precious treasure, greater than those which Tharsis had in is opulence, or Ophir with his most valuable metals can offer. This is the strand of hair of her most holy head, whose authenticity I read with great admiration. In the vast extent of the Indies that I know of, there exists no similar reliquary."[6]
Unfortunately, the reliquary got lost together with the ivory hands and head of the statue in the Revolution of 1899. There remains an oval cavity in the upper body, the missing pards have been restored using wood as a material instead of ivory.[6][7]
In Lourdes Policarpio's view, the Virgin's title stems from "Our Lady as the Mystical Rose" or "Rosa Mystica". In Lucca, Italy, the feast of "Our Lady of the Rose" is celebrated on January 30. It is believed that three roses were found in the arms of Our Lady on January.[7] when a deaf mute shepherd see the appearance of the Lady. He has able to speak after the apparition of Our Lady of Roses.
In the church parish, there are two famous festivals or fiestas held on June 29, the feast of Apostles Peter and Paul, and June 30, the feast of Nuestra Señora dela Rosa. The "Panatang Sayaw", as the Bailes de los Arcos (Dance of the Arches) are called, are an old tradition going back at least to the beginnings of the 19th century. It is a ritual of praise and thanksgiving to the saints Peter and Paul and the Virgen de la Rosa.[8]
Church history
The church was destroyed during the British occupation of Manila in 1762. It was reconstructed much later in 1849 using stones from nearby Guadalupe in Makati and Meycauayan in Bulacan province. Other materials used include yakal and molave as wood materials, and kapre shells for windows and baticulin, guijo timbers and conchas or seashells for its windows.
After the Jesuits' expulsion, the ownership changed. The Makati hacienda was reclaimed by the government and was sold in public auction in 1795 to Don Pedro de Garuga, Marquis of Villa Medina. Through the next half-century, the property changed hands three times, until, in 1851, it was bought by Don Jose Bonifacio Roxas, the founding father of the Roxas–Ayala–Zobel clan, who built a family manor on the riverbank, what is today's Poblacion's river park, "Casa Hacienda Park".[7]
During the Philippine–American War from 1899 to 1902, the church was used as a hospital to tend wounded American soldiers. American volunteers also camped on church grounds.[9] This stay, however, resulted in the loss of the ivory head and hands of the Virgen de la Rosa.[citation needed]
Over the years, the Makati Church underwent several renovations and changes in the design but most of its features like the reredos and the church bells are still original.
Following the conclusion of the Second Vatican Council in 1965, Saint Paul was added as the second titular of the church, hence renaming the parish as the "Saints Peter and Paul Parish Church".[10]
The church houses an altar with its carved reredos.
The church structure follows the Baroque style of architecture. Its architectural feature of a single rectangular nave consisting of an apse and sacristy is typical of churches during the Spanish colonial period.[11] The altar with its original carved reredos with motifs of various flowers and fruits following the Baroque Rococo tradition can still be found in the church.[12]
La Virgen de la Rosa
The statue of the La Virgen de la Rosa de Macati during her Canonical coronation on March 16, 2019
The statue of the La Virgen de la Rosa was brought to the Philippines from Mexico by Fr. Juan Delgado on August 10, 1718, via the Manila–Acapulco Galleon trade through the galleon Sacra Familia. One of the unique features of the statue was that it once had a reliquary in the chest of the statue which encases a very special relic – the actual piece of the hair of the Virgin Mary. Unfortunately, during the Philippine Revolution, the hair and the ivory hands and head of the Virgin were stolen and the whereabouts are still unknown until present. After the arrival of the icon, the devotion to the La Virgen de la Rosa de Macati became well known throughout San Pedro Macati. Due to the miracles attributed through the intercession of the La Virgen de la Rosa de Macati, Pope Francis granted a pontifical decree of pontifical coronation towards the statue on October 29, 2018. The canonical coronation rites were held on March 16, 2019.[13]
Ecclesiastical jurisdiction
The ecclesiastical jurisdiction of the parish church encompasses barangays Poblacion (except for Santiago and Rizal Villages, which are under Saint Andrew the Apostle Parish) and Olympia in Makati.
The following chapels fall within under its jurisdiction:[14]
The church also had jurisdiction over the former Makati Catholic Cemetery, which is now the Makati Columbarium Park.
Vicariate of Saints Peter and Paul
The parish church is under the jurisdiction of the Archdiocese of Manila under the vicariate forane of Saints Peter and Paul. Aside from this parish church of the same name, the vicariate covers the following parish churches and mission stations in central Makati:[15]
Makati, officially the City of Makati, is a highly urbanized city in the National Capital Region of the Philippines, known for being one of the leading financial centers in the country. As of 2013, the city has the highest concentration of multinational and local corporations in the Philippines. Major banks, corporations, department stores as well as foreign embassies are based in Makati. Makati is also known for being a major cultural and entertainment hub in Metro Manila. According to the 2020 census, it had a population of 629,616 people, making it the 47th most populous city in the country and 8th most populous in Metro Manila. Makati is one of the most densely populated city proper areas globally, ranking 8th worldwide and 2nd in the Philippines, after Manila, with a population density of 28,975 inhabitants per square kilometer.
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The Roman Catholic Diocese of Pasig is the diocese of the Latin Church of the Catholic Church in the Philippines that comprises the cities of Pasig and Taguig, and the municipality of Pateros, in Metro Manila, Philippines. It was established by Pope John Paul II on June 28, 2003, by virtue of the papal bull Dei Caritas. It was formally and canonically erected on August 21, 2003, with the installation of Francisco C. San Diego as its first bishop. The Immaculate Conception Cathedral-Parish, located in the central vicinity of Pasig, was made the cathedral or the seat of the diocese.
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The Roman Catholic Diocese of Cubao is a diocese of the western Latin Church of the Catholic Church in district of Cubao in Quezon City, in northern Metro Manila, Philippines. The diocese was created by Pope John Paul II on June 28, 2003 from the ecclesiastical district of Cubao of the Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Manila. It was canonically erected on August 28, 2003, with the installation of Honesto Flores Ongtioco as the first Bishop of Cubao. The Blessed Virgin Mary, under the title Immaculate Conception, is the principal patroness of the diocese.
Immaculate Conception Cathedral, commonly known as Pasig Cathedral, is a Roman Catholic church located in Plaza Rizal, Barangay Malinao, Pasig in Metro Manila, Philippines. It is the mother church, and serves as the episcopal seat of the Bishop of Pasig and is one of the oldest structures in the city.
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The Nuestra Señora de Gracia Church, commonly known as Guadalupe Church, is a Baroque Roman Catholic church in Makati City, Philippines. The parish church and its adjacent monastery are currently administered by the Archdiocese of Manila. The territory of the parish covers San Carlos Seminary, the major seminary of the Archdiocese of Manila and Our Lady of Guadalupe Minor Seminary. The church also has an adjacent seminary, the Monasterio de Guadalupe, which admits young professionals for priestly and religious vocation. The current parish priest is Rev. Fr. Joselito R. Martin.
A national shrine is a Catholic church or other sacred place which has met certain requirements and is given this honor by the national episcopal conference to recognize the church's special cultural, historical, and religious significance.
Poblacion is one of the 23 barangays of Makati, Philippines. It is centered on the city's historic poblacion area and serves as the second most important commercial center in Makati behind the Makati Central Business District. It is also the city's center of government, culture, history and entertainment and a major business district of Metro Manila.
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Nuestra Señora de la Merced Parish Church is a Roman Catholic church located in Bahay Pare, Candaba, Pampanga in the Philippines. The parish church is under the Archdiocese of San Fernando, Pampanga and is the home of the Nuestra Señora de la Merced de Pampanga, Emperatriz na Marilag sa Katagalugan ng Pampanga, which is the oldest and original image of the title. Devotees flock to the parish to ask Mary to intercede for their spiritual, mental, and physical health, for their families and studies, and for the increase of vocations to the priesthood and consecrated life. The parish covers most of the barangays of the Tagalog region under the patronage of Nuestra Señora dela Merced. The image is well known for her Dalit as She visits different places. The parish also holds first class relics of Mercedarian Saints, St. Peter Nolasco, St. Raymond of Penyafort, St. Serapion of Algiers, St. Raymond Nonnatus and St. Pedro Armengol.
↑ Scott, William Henry (1994). Barangay: Sixteenth Century Philippine Culture and Society. Quezon City: Ateneo de Manila University Press. ISBN971-550-135-4.
Italics denote buildings under construction or planned.
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