Our Lady of the Rosary

Last updated
Our Lady of the Rosary
2017-03 Brescia Mattes Pana (111).JPG
Our Lady of Victory, Our Lady of the Most Holy Rosary
Venerated in Roman Catholic Church
Antiochian Orthodox Church [1]
Major shrine Our Lady of Victory Basilica,
Basilica of Notre-Dame-des-Victoires, Paris
Feast 7 October
Attributes Blessed Virgin Mary, Infant Jesus, crown, rosary
Patronage Rosary, Roman Catholic Diocese of Malaga, Toledo, Rosario, Santa Fe, Rosario, Cavite, Roman Catholic Diocese of San Nicolás de los Arroyos, Santos, Melilla, Trujillo, Cáceres, Colombia, Manizales, Puyo, Pastaza, North Carolina, Bohol, Guatemala, Surigao del Norte, Manila, Quezon City, Estancia, Iloilo, Philippines, West Virginia, Seseña, Ontígola, Olías del Rey, Montearagón, Toledo, Lagartera, Huerta de Valdecarábanos, Brenes, Palma Cuata, Zacatecas Lima, Peru
Tradition or genre
Marian apparition

Our Lady of the Rosary (Latin : Beatae Mariae Virginis a Rosario), also known as Our Lady of the Holy Rosary, is a Marian title.

Contents

Our Lady of the Rosary of Bullas Rosariobullense.jpg
Our Lady of the Rosary of Bullas

The Feast of Our Lady of the Rosary, formerly known as Feast of Our Lady of Victory and Feast of the Holy Rosary is celebrated on 7 October in the General Roman Calendar. 7 October is the anniversary of the decisive victory of the combined fleet of the Holy League of 1571 over the Ottoman navy at the Battle of Lepanto.

In the Western Rite Vicariate of the Antiochian Orthodox Church, the feast is optionally celebrated on 7 October, under the title The Holy Rosary of the Blessed Virgin Mary. [2]

Our Lady of the Rosary

According to Dominican tradition, in 1206, Dominic de Guzmán was at the Monastery of Our Lady of Prouille, in France, attempting to convert the Albigensians back to the Catholic faith. The young priest had little success until one day he received a vision of the Blessed Virgin, who gave him the rosary as a tool against heretics. [3]

The story of Dominic's vision was recorded by Alanus de Rupe. This traditional origin for the Rosary was generally accepted until the 15th century, when the Bollandists concluded that the account originated with the account recorded by Alanus, two hundred years after Dominic's death. [4]

Our Lady of Victory

Mary had been honored in the West under the title "Our Lady of Victory" from at least the thirteenth century. Simon de Montfort, 5th Earl of Leicester built the first shrine dedicated to Our Lady of Victory in thanks for the Catholic victory over the Albigensians at the Battle of Muret on September 12, 1213. [5] In thanksgiving for victory at the Battle of Bouvines in July 1214, Philip Augustus of France founded the Abbey of Notre Dame de la Victoire, between Senlis and Mont l'Evêque. [6]

In the East, the title "Our Lady of Victory" is even older. The feast of Our Lady of Victory, on February 25, commemorates the deliverance of the city of Constantinople "from the siege of the Saracens by the aid of the Blessed Virgin, A.D. 621." [7]

Feast day

Background

In 1571, Pope Pius V organized a coalition of forces from Spain and smaller Christian kingdoms, republics and military orders, to rescue Christian outposts in Cyprus, particularly the Venetian outpost at Famagusta which, however, surrendered after a long siege on 1 August before the Christian forces set sail. On 7 October 1571, the Holy League, a coalition of southern European Catholic maritime states, sailed from Messina, Sicily, and met a powerful Ottoman fleet in the Battle of Lepanto. Knowing that the Christian forces were at a distinct material disadvantage, Pope Pius V called for all of Europe to pray the Rosary for victory, [8] [9] and led a rosary procession in Rome. [5] Pius V instituted the feast of Our Lady of Victory in order to commemorate the victory at Lepanto, which he attributed to the Blessed Virgin Mary. [5]

Feast of the Rosary (Rosenkranzfest), by Albrecht Durer, 1506 Albrecht Durer - Feast of Rose Garlands - Google Art Project.jpg
Feast of the Rosary (Rosenkranzfest) , by Albrecht Dürer, 1506

After about five hours of fighting on the northern edge of the Gulf of Corinth, off western Greece, the combined navies of the Papal States, Venice and Spain managed to stop the Ottoman navy, slowing the Ottoman advance to the west and denying them access to the Atlantic Ocean and the Americas. [10] If the Ottomans had won, there was a real possibility that an invasion of Italy could have followed so that the Ottoman sultan, already claiming to be emperor of the Romans, would have been in possession of both New and Old Rome. [11] Combined with the Great Siege of Malta (1565) and the unfolding events in Morocco where the Sa'adids successfully spurned the Ottoman advances, it confined Turkish naval power to the eastern Mediterranean. Although the Ottoman Empire was able to build more ships, it never fully recovered from the loss of trained sailors and marines, and was never again the Mediterranean naval power it had become the century before when Constantinople fell. [10]

In 1573, Pope Gregory XIII changed the name of the feast to Feast of the Holy Rosary, to be celebrated on the first Sunday of October. [12] The Dominican friar Juan Lopez in his 1584 book on the rosary states that the feast of the rosary was offered "in memory and in perpetual gratitude of the miraculous victory that the Lord gave to his Christian people that day against the Turkish armada". [13]

In 1671 the observance of this festival was extended by Clement X to the whole of Spain, and somewhat later Clement XI, after the victory over the Turks gained by Prince Eugene in the Battle of Petrovaradin on 5 August 1716 (the feast of Our Lady of the Snows), commanded the feast of the Rosary to be celebrated by the universal church. [14]

Leo XIII raised the feast to the rank of a double of the second class and added to the Litany of Loreto the invocation "Queen of the Most Holy Rosary". On this feast, in every church in which the Rosary confraternity has been duly erected, a plenary indulgence toties quoties is granted upon certain conditions to all who visit therein the Rosary chapel or statue of Our Lady. This has been called the "Portiuncula" of the Rosary. [5]

Pius X in 1913 changed the date to 7 October, as part of his effort to restore celebration of the liturgy of the Sundays. In 1960 under Pope John XXIII it is listed under the title Feast of the Blessed Virgin Mary of the Rosary; and under the 1969 liturgical reforms of Pope Paul VI Our Lady of the Rosary is mentioned as a mandatory memorial. [15]

Patronage

Our Lady of the Rosary is the patron saint of several places around the world. The Diocese of Malaga, Spain (which, however celebrates her patronage on September 8), and the Spanish cities of Melilla and Trujillo celebrate Our Lady of Victory as their patroness.

María del Rosario is a common female Spanish name (colloquially abbreviated to Rosario or Charo). Rosario can also be used as a male first name, particularly in Italian.

Churches dedicated to Our Lady of the Rosary

Basilica of Our Lady of the Rosary in Fatima, Portugal Fatima.jpg
Basilica of Our Lady of the Rosary in Fátima, Portugal

Churches named for Our Lady of Victory

Although the title Our Lady of Victory has been superseded to some extent by that of Our Lady of the Rosary, the former is still in popular use at a number of parishes and schools.

See also

Related Research Articles

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Shrines to Mary, mother of Jesus</span> Typically Catholic shrines

A shrine to the Virgin Mary, or Marian shrine, is a shrine marking an apparition or other miracle ascribed to the Blessed Virgin Mary, or a site on which is centered a historically strong Marian devotion. Such locales are often the destinations of Christian pilgrimages.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Nativity of Mary</span> Christian feast day for the birth of Mary

The Nativity of the Blessed Virgin Mary, the Nativity of Mary, Marymas or the Birth of the Virgin Mary, refers to a Christian feast day celebrating the birth of Mary, mother of Jesus.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Marian devotions</span> Christian religious practices concerning Mary

Marian devotions are external pious practices directed to the person of Mary, mother of Jesus, by members of certain Christian traditions. They are performed in Catholicism, High Church Lutheranism, Anglo-Catholicism, Eastern Orthodoxy and Oriental Orthodoxy, but generally rejected in other Christian denominations.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Our Lady of Lourdes</span> A title of Mary, mother of Jesus

Our Lady of Lourdes is a title of the Virgin Mary. She is venerated under this title by the Roman Catholic Church due to her apparitions that occurred in Lourdes, France. The first apparition of 11 February 1858, of which Bernadette Soubirous told her mother that a "Lady" spoke to her in the cave of Massabielle while she was gathering firewood with her sister and a friend. Similar apparitions of the "Lady" were reported on 18 occasions that year, until the climax revelation in which she introduced herself as: "the Immaculate Conception". On 18 January 1862, the local Bishop of Tarbes Bertrand-Sévère Laurence endorsed the veneration of the Blessed Virgin Mary in Lourdes.

Marian feast days in the liturgical year are celebrated in honour of the Blessed Virgin Mary. The number of Marian feasts celebrated, their names can vary among Christian denominations.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Mary, Help of Christians</span> Title of the Virgin Mary

Mary, Help of Christians is a Catholic title of the Blessed Virgin Mary, based on a devotion now associated with a feast day of the General Roman Calendar on 24 May. The Catholic saint, John Chrysostom was the first person to use this Marian title in year 345 AD. Don Bosco also propagated the same devotion Mary, Help of Christians. It is also associated with the defense of Christian Europe, the north of Africa and the Middle East from non-Christian peoples during the Middle Ages.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Catholic Marian church buildings</span> Type of religious building

Catholic Marian churches are religious buildings dedicated to the veneration of the Blessed Virgin Mary. These churches were built throughout the history of the Catholic Church, and today they can be found on every continent including Antarctica. The history of Marian church architecture tells the unfolding story of the development of Catholic Mariology.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Shrine of Our Lady of Europe</span>

The Shrine of Our Lady of Europe is a Roman Catholic parish church and national shrine of Gibraltar located at Europa Point. The church is dedicated to Our Lady of Europe, the Catholic patroness of Gibraltar.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Our Lady of Europe</span> The Virgin Mary, as patron of Gibraltar

Our Lady of Europe is a title given to the Blessed Virgin Mary as patroness of Gibraltar and protectress of Europe. The entire European continent was consecrated under the protection of Our Lady of Europe in the early 14th century from the Shrine in Gibraltar where devotion continues to this day, over 700 years on.

Our Lady of Victory or Our Lady of Victories is one of several titles for the Blessed Virgin Mary, discussed at Our Lady of the Rosary.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Our Lady of the Most Holy Rosary, Queen of the Caracol</span> Patroness of Rosario, Cavite

Our Lady of the Most Holy Rosary, Queen of the Caracol, known locally as Mahal na Birhen ng Santo Rosaryo, Reyna ng Karakol or Nuestra Señora Virgen del Santisimo Rosario, Reina del Caracol, is the patroness of the Municipality of Rosario, formerly known as Salinas, in Cavite province, Philippines.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Our Lady of Peace and Good Voyage</span> Image of Mary, mother of Jesus

Our Lady of Peace and Good Voyage, also known as Our Lady of Antipolo and the Virgin of Antipolo, is a seventeenth-century Roman Catholic wooden image of the Blessed Virgin Mary as venerated in the Philippines. This Black Madonna is enshrined in Antipolo Cathedral in the Sierra Madre mountains east of Metro Manila.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Our Lady of La Naval de Manila</span> Venerated title of the Blessed Virgin Mary

Our Lady of the Most Holy Rosary – La Naval de Manila is a venerated title of the Blessed Virgin Mary associated with the same image in the Philippines. Pious believers believe that the Virgin's intercession under this title helped to defeat the invading forces of the Protestant Dutch Republic during the Battles of La Naval de Manila in 1646.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Our Lady of Lourdes Shrine, Villianur</span> Church in Puducherry, India

Shrine of Our Lady of Lourdes, Villianur, Puducherry is a Catholic Marian shrine and a parish church in Villianur, Puducherry, India. The shrine is dedicated to the Blessed Virgin Mary under the title of Our Lady of Lourdes.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Our Lady of Most Holy Rosary Parish Church (Makinabang)</span> Roman Catholic church in Bulacan, Philippines

Our Lady of Most Holy Rosary Parish Church, commonly known as Makinabang Church or Bisitang Pula, is a Roman Catholic Marian church in Barangay Makinabang, Baliuag, Bulacan, Philippines. On October 7 it is one of four Roman Catholic parish churches in the municipality and is the focus of one of its largest processions each year. The other nearby Baliuag parishes which bound the church are: Saint Augustine Church (Población); Holy Family Parish (Tangos); and Our Lady of Mount Carmel (Sabang). The church is also about 2 miles from its neighbor, Sub-Parish Church of Sto. Cristo in barangay Santo Cristo.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Orani Church</span> Roman Catholic church in Bataan, Philippines

The Minor Basilica and Shrine Parish of Our Lady of the Rosary of Orani, commonly known as Orani Church, is a Roman Catholic minor basilica built in the Neoclassical style located in the center of Orani, Bataan, in the Philippines. It is under the jurisdiction of the Diocese of Balanga.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Santo Domingo Church (Quezon City)</span> Roman Catholic church in Quezon City, Philippines

Santo Domingo Church, formally known as the National Shrine of Our Lady of the Holy Rosary of La Naval de Manila, is a Roman Catholic parish church and national shrine in Quezon City, Metro Manila in the Philippines. It is under the jurisdiction of the Diocese of Cubao. Dedicated to Mary, mother of Jesus under her title Our Lady of the Most Holy Rosary — La Naval de Manila, it was founded by the Dominicans in 1587.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Our Lady of the Rosary of San Nicolás</span> Apparitions of the Blessed Virgin in Argentina (1983)

Our Lady of the Rosary of San Nicolás is, in Catholicism, a title of veneration of the Blessed Virgin Mary associated with a reported private revelation to Gladys Quiroga de Motta, a middle-aged housewife, beginning in the 1980s in the city of San Nicolás de los Arroyos, Argentina. Quiroga said that she was tasked with promoting devotion to the Mother of God under this title, with an emphasis on key passages in the Bible and a particular mystical stellar symbolism.

References

  1. 7 October, Antiochian Western Rite Vicariate. https://www.orthodoxwest.com/kalendar
  2. 7 October, Antiochian Western Rite Vicariate. https://www.orthodoxwest.com/kalendar
  3. ""Promoters of the Rosary", Dominican Sisters of St. Cecelia". Archived from the original on 2015-04-16. Retrieved 2013-05-03.
  4. The Rosary (2023) New Advent
  5. 1 2 3 4 Thurston, Herbert. "Feast of the Holy Rosary." The Catholic Encyclopedia. Vol. 13. New York: Robert Appleton Company, 1912. 2 May 2013
  6. Auguste Morel, "abbaye+de+la+Victoire"&pg=PA280 De Paris à Cologne, à Bruxelles, à Senlis, à Laon... itinéraire descriptif et historique, Libr. de L. Hachette et Cie., 1864, p. 280
  7. "Oblates of St. Joseph-Philippines". osjphil.org. Retrieved 2024-10-09.
  8. Chesterton, Gilbert.Lepanto, Ignatius Press, 2004, ISBN   1-58617-030-9
  9. Butler's Lives Of The Saints (April) by Alban Butler (1999) ISBN   0-86012-253-0 page 222
  10. 1 2 Ahmed Nazeer. "Lepanto, the Battle of", History of Islam
  11. Melleuish, Gregory. "The significance of Lepanto", Quadrant, April 1, 2008
  12. Roten S.M., Johann. "Our Lady of Victory", International Marian Research Institute, University of Dayton
  13. Libro en que se tratea de la importancia y exercicio del santo rosario, Zaragoza: Domingo Portonariis y Ursino (1584), cited after Lorenzo F. Candelaria, The Rosary Cantoral: Ritual and Social Design in a Chantbook from Early Renaissance Toledo, University Rochester Press (2008), p. 109.
  14. Leonard Foley, OFM Saint of the Day, Lives, Lessons, and Feast, Franciscan Media, ISBN   978-0-86716-887-7
  15. Roten S.M., Johann. "Our Lady of the Rosary, Origins", International Marian Research Institute, University of Dayton
  16. Philadelphia Museum of Art (1908). Bulletin - Philadelphia Museum of Art. Philadelphia Museum of Art. Retrieved 9 February 2017.
  17. Octava maravilla del Nuevo Mundo en la gran Capilla del Rosario dedicada y aplaudida en el Convento de N.P.S. Domingo de la Ciudad de los Angeles el día 16 del mes de abril de 1690 al illusmo. y revmo señor D.D. Manuel Fernández de Santa Cruz, Obispo de la Puebla, del Consejo de su Majestad[Eighth wonder of the New World in the great Chapel of the Rosary dedicated and applauded in the Convent of N.P.S. Sunday of the City of Los Angeles on April 16, 1690, to the most illustrious. and reverend Mr. D.D. Manuel Fernández de Santa Cruz, Bishop of the Puebla, of the Council of His Majesty.]. Imprenta Platiniana de Diego Fernández de León. 1690. OCLC   970590076.
  18. "Cúpula de la Capilla del Rosario, vista general" [Dome of the Chapel of the Rosario, general view]. Multimedia library of the Instituto Nacional de Antropología e Historia (in Spanish).
  19. Cathedral of Our Lady of the Rosary, Duluth, Minnesota
  20. Cathedral of Our Lady of the Rosary, San Bernardino, California
  21. Church of Our Lady of the Rosary, New York City
  22. Marian apparition has been approved in Argentina Catholic News Agency bulletin published online June 4, 2016
  23. Asia's second largest church all decked-up for X'mas bash - Times of India
  24. Diocese of Westminster, New Rosary Shrine Inaugurated, published 28 October 2016, accessed 7 June 2022
  25. Our Lady of the Rosary Catholic Church
  26. Our Lady of the Rosary Catholic Church
  27. "Our Lady of the Rosary Parish". Oblates of St. Joseph-Philippines. Retrieved 2024-10-10.
  28. "Most Holy Rosary Parish". Oblates of St. Joseph-Philippines. Retrieved 2024-10-10.
  29. Team, Editorial (2024-01-02). "Queen of the Most Holy Rosary Church in Estancia, Iloilo". THEOLDCHURCHES. Retrieved 2024-07-21.
  30. "Notre-Dame de Victoires", Eymardian Places
  31. Our Lady of Victory National Shrine and Basilica
  32. Our Lady of Victory Cathedral
  33. Our Lady of Victory Church, Manhattan
  34. "Our Lady of Victory Chapel", St. Catherine University, St. Paul, Minnesota Archived 2012-05-10 at the Wayback Machine
  35. "Historic St Mary of Victories Hungarian Catholic Church". smov.info. Retrieved 2015-10-13.
  36. Azevedo, Esterzilda Berenstein (2012). "Chapel of Our Lady of Victory". Lisbon, Portugal: Heritage of Portuguese Influence/Património de Influência Portuguesa. Retrieved 2019-07-10.
  37. "Our Lady of Victory Parish - Victorias City, Negros Occidental"