Scarlet-breasted fruit dove

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Scarlet-breasted fruit dove
Ptilinopus bernsteinii.jpg
Scientific classification OOjs UI icon edit-ltr.svg
Kingdom: Animalia
Phylum: Chordata
Class: Aves
Order: Columbiformes
Family: Columbidae
Genus: Megaloprepia
Species:
M. bernsteinii
Binomial name
Megaloprepia bernsteinii
(Schlegel, 1863)
Synonyms
  • Megaloprepia formosaGray, 1860
  • Ptilinopus bernsteinii (protonym)

The scarlet-breasted fruit dove (Megaloprepia bernsteinii) is a species of bird in the family Columbidae. It is endemic to Indonesia, where it occurs in the northern Moluccas. Its natural habitat is subtropical or tropical moist lowland forests. It is rated as a species of least concern on the International Union for Conservation of Nature Red List of Endangered Species. In 1863 Hermann Schlegel named the new species for one of his collectors, Heinrich Agathon Bernstein.

Contents

Taxonomy

The scarlet-breasted fruit dove was formerly described and illustrated in 1863 as Ptilinopus bernsteinii by the German naturalist Hermann Schlegel based on a specimen collected by Heinrich Agathon Bernstein in the Bacan Islands, part of the Maluku Islands of Indonesia. Schlegel chose the specific epithet to honour the collector. [2] [3] The English zoologist George Gray had described the scarlet-breasted fruit dove in 1861 as Carpophaga (Megaloprepia) formosa, but Gray also introduced a different species as Ptilonopus formosus on the same page of his article. [4] The error was noticed by Schlegel and by Alfred Russel Wallace. [5] [6] Under the rules of the International Code of Zoological Nomenclature, Gray's formosa is a junior secondary homonym and is permanently invalid. [7]

The scarlet-breasted fruit dove was formerly placed in the genus Ptilinopus . A molecular genetic study published in 2014 found that the fruit dove genus Ptilinopus was paraphyletic. [8] In order to create monophyletic genera, nine species were moved from Ptilinopus to Ramphiculus and two species, the scarlet-breasted fruit dove and the wompoo fruit dove, were moved from Ptilinopus to Megaloprepia . [9] The name Megaloprepia is from Ancient Greek μεγαλοπρεπεια/megaloprepeia meaning "magnificence". [10]

Two subspecies are recognised: [9]

Description

The scarlet-breasted fruit dove is a small or medium-sized bird, measuring 29 centimetres (11 in) in length. It has a grey head which has a green wash. The rest of the upperparts and breast are bright green in colour. The male is patched with bright scarlet, at the middle of the lower breast. It has an orange-yellow belly, and chestnut undertail coverts. The underwing coverts are also orange-yellow. [11]

Behaviour and ecology

It is presumably a frugivorous species. It is normally quiet, and has been described to emit deep, soft oohoo calls. [11] It also emits odd growling calls. [11] It usually quietly forages alone or in pairs, in forest canopies. [11]

Status and conservation

Since 1988, the scarlet-breasted fruit dove has been rated as a species of least concern on the IUCN Red List of Endangered Species. This is because although it has a restricted range, the range size is more than 20,000 km2 (7,700 sq mi) with a stable population trend. In addition, although its population numbers have not been determined, it is thought to be above 10,000, which does not meet the criterion to warrant a vulnerable rating. The species is described as "uncommon to moderately common", and there is no evidence of major threat to their population. [1]

References

  1. 1 2 BirdLife International. (2018). "Megaloprepia formosa". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species . 2018 e.T22691362A130178822. doi: 10.2305/IUCN.UK.2018-2.RLTS.T22691362A130178822.en . Retrieved 27 July 2025.
  2. ↑ Schlegel, Hermann. "Notice sur trois espèces inédites de pigeons du genre Ptilopus". Nederlandsch Tijdschrift voor de Dierkunde (in French). 1: 59-62 [59-60], plate 3 fig. 1.
  3. ↑ Jobling, James A. "bernsteinii". The Key to Scientific Names. Cornell Lab of Ornithology. Retrieved 5 November 2025.
  4. ↑ Gray, George Robert (1860). "List of birds collected by Mr. Wallace at the Moluccia Islands, with the descriptions of new species, etc". Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London (Part 28) (published 1861): 341–366 [360]. The title page is dated 1860 but the article was not published until the following year. See: Dickinson, Edward C. (2005). "The Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London, 1859–1900: an exploration of breaks between calendar years of publication". Journal of Zoology. 266 (4): 427–430. doi:10.1017/S0952836905007077.
  5. ↑ Schlegel, Hermann (1863). "Dr. Schlegel sends us the following notes". Ibis. 5: 120.
  6. ↑ Wallace, Alfred Russel (1865). "On the pigeons of the Malay Archipelago". Ibis. New series. 1 (4): 365-400 [388].
  7. ↑ "Chapter 12: Art. 59.3. Secondary homonyms replaced before 1961 but no longer considered congeneric". International Code Of Zoological Nomenclature (4th ed.). International Commission on Zoological Nomenclature. 1999.
  8. ↑ Cibois, A.; Thibault, J.-C.; Bonillo, C.; Filardi, C.E.; Watling, D.; Pasquet, E. (2014). "Phylogeny and biogeography of the fruit doves (Aves: Columbidae)". Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution. 70: 442–453. doi:10.1016/j.ympev.2013.08.019.
  9. 1 2 AviList Core Team (2025). "AviList: The Global Avian Checklist, v2025". doi: 10.2173/avilist.v2025 . Retrieved 5 November 2025.
  10. ↑ Jobling, James A. "Megaloprepia". The Key to Scientific Names. Cornell Lab of Ornithology. Retrieved 5 November 2025.
  11. 1 2 3 4 Gibbs, David (2010). Pigeons and Doves: A Guide to the Pigeons and Doves of the World. Bloomsbury Publishing. p. 469. ISBN   978-1-4081-3555-6.
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