Senna multijuga

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Senna multijuga
Starr-091104-9313-Senna multijuga-flowers-Hana-Maui (24693507070).jpg
In Hawaii
Starr-091104-9314-Senna multijuga-flowers and leaves-Hana-Maui (24358409014).jpg
Flowers and leaves
Scientific classification OOjs UI icon edit-ltr.svg
Kingdom: Plantae
Clade: Tracheophytes
Clade: Angiosperms
Clade: Eudicots
Clade: Rosids
Order: Fabales
Family: Fabaceae
Subfamily: Caesalpinioideae
Genus: Senna
Species:
S. multijuga
Binomial name
Senna multijuga
Synonyms [2]
List
    • Cassia ampliflora Steud.
    • Cassia calliantha G.Mey.
    • Cassia centijuga Wawra
    • Cassia doylei(Britton & Rose) Lundell
    • Cassia lindleyana Gardner
    • Cassia magnifica Mart.
    • Cassia multiflora Scheele
    • Cassia multijuga Rich.
    • Cassia multijuga var. lindleyana(Gardner) Benth.
    • Cassia richardiana Kunth
    • Cassia scabrella Hoffmanns.
    • Cassia selloi G.Don
    • Cassia semifalcata Vell.
    • Cassia verrucosa Vogel
    • Chamaesenna multijuga(Rich.) Pittier
    • Peiranisia aristulataBritton & Killip
    • Peiranisia doyleiBritton & Rose
    • Peiranisia multijuga(Rich.) Britton & Rose

Senna multijuga, commonly known as November shower or false sicklepod, is a species of flowering plant in the family Fabaceae. [3] It is native to wet tropical areas of Latin America, and widely introduced to other tropical locales such as Africa, India, Indonesia, China, Australia, and Hawaii. [2] [4] A fast-growing tree typically 10 m (33 ft) tall, it is planted in restoration projects, as an ornamental, and as a street tree, being especially useful under power lines. [5]

Description

Senna multijuga is a tree that typically grows to a height of up to 10 m (33 ft), sometimes to 40 m (130 ft) and sometimes flowering precociously as a shrub only 2 m (6 ft 7 in) high. The leaves are pinnate with 10 to 37 pairs of linear to elliptic leaflets 15–45 mm (0.59–1.77 in) long and 8–10 mm (0.31–0.39 in) wide. There are linear or bristle-like stipules 4–12 mm (0.16–0.47 in) long at the base. There is a pair of glands between the lowest pairs of leaflets, but that fall off as the leaves open. The flowers are yellow and arranged on the ends of branchlets in racemes of three to sixteen panicles, the lowest panicles with at least five flowers. Each panicle is on a peduncle 10–45 mm (0.39–1.77 in) long, each flower on a pedicel 13–32 mm (0.51–1.26 in) long. The five petals are 7–21 mm (0.28–0.83 in) long but differ from each other. The seven fertile stamens vary in length from 4.5 to 9 mm (0.18 to 0.35 in) long and there are three tiny staminodes. Flowering occurs from late summer to early autumn, and the fruit is a broadly linear pod 65–200 mm (2.6–7.9 in) long and 13–25 mm (0.51–0.98 in) wide containing thirty to sixty flattened seeds about 6 mm (0.24 in) long. [3] [6]

Taxonomy

This species was first formally described in 1792 by Louis Claude Richard who gave it the name Cassia multijuga in his Actes de la Societe D' Histoire Naturelle de Paris. [7] [8] In 1982, Howard Samuel Irwin and Rupert Charles Barneby transferred the species to the genus Senna as S. multijuga in Memoirs of the New York Botanical Garden . [2]

Subtaxa

The following subtaxa are accepted: [2]

Distribution and habitat

Senna multijuga grows in disturbed forest, along watercourse and in gallery forest within savannah. It is native to northern parts of South America, and possibly Mexico, but is naturalised in many other countries, including India, parts of Southeast Asia and Africa, New Guinea and Australia. [2] [3] In Australia, it is restricted to Bellingen and Thora. [6] [9]

Related Research Articles

<i>Cassia</i> (genus) Genus of legumes

Cassia is a genus of flowering plants in the legume family, Fabaceae, and the subfamily Caesalpinioideae. Species are known commonly as cassias. The genus includes 37 species and has a pantropical distribution. Species of the genera Senna and Chamaecrista were previously included in Cassia. Cassia now generally includes the largest species of the legume subtribe Cassiinae, usually mid-sized to tall trees.

<i>Senna spectabilis</i> Species of legume

Senna spectabilis is a plant species of the legume family (Fabaceae) in the subfamily Caesalpinioideae native to South and Central America. They are often grown as an ornamental in front yards, parks, gardens, buildings etc. due to their bright yellow flowers that bloom during the summer months. They are also known as golden wonder tree, American cassia, popcorn tree, Cassia excelsa, golden shower tree or Archibald's cassia.

<i>Senna obtusifolia</i> Species of legume

Senna obtusifolia, known by the common names Chinese senna, American sicklepod, sicklepod, etc., is a plant in the genus Senna, sometimes separated in the monotypic genus Diallobus. It grows wild in North, Central, and South America, Asia, Africa, and Oceania, and is considered a particularly problematic weed in many places. It has a long-standing history of confusion with Senna tora and that taxon in many sources actually refers to the present species.

<i>Senna</i> (plant) Genus of flowering leguminous plants

Senna, the sennas, is a large genus of flowering plants in the legume family. This diverse genus is native throughout the tropics, with a small number of species in temperate regions. The number of species is estimated to be from about 260 to 350. The type species for the genus is Senna alexandrina. About 50 species of Senna are known in cultivation.

<i>Senna wislizeni</i> Species of legume

Senna wislizeni, commonly called Wislizenus' senna or shrubby senna. Formerly in the "wastebin taxon" Cassia sensu lato, it is now placed in the genus Senna or sometimes separated in Palmerocassia together with Senna unijuga.

<i>Senna gaudichaudii</i> Species of plant

Senna gaudichaudii, also known by many common names, including kolomana in Hawaii and as blunt-leaved senna in Australia, is a species of flowering plant in the family Fabaceae and is native to some Pacific Islands including Hawaii, parts of Southeast Asia and Queensland in Australia. It is shrub or small tree with pinnate leaves, usually with three to five pairs of oblong to egg-shaped leaflets, and yellow flowers arranged in groups of four to ten, with ten fertile stamens in each flower.

<i>Senna multiglandulosa</i> Species of legume

Senna multiglandulosa, commonly known as glandular senna, downy senna, or buttercup bush is a species of flowering plant in the family Fabaceae and is native to Mexico, Guatemala, and western parts of South America. It is a shrub with pinnate leaves, usually with six to eight pairs of linear to lance-shaped leaflets, and yellow flowers arranged in groups of ten to twenty, with seven fertile stamens in each flower. It is widely cultivated as an ornamental plant and in some areas of the world has become naturalized.

<i>Senna septemtrionalis</i> Species of legume

Senna septemtrionalis, commonly known as arsenic bush, is a species of flowering plant in the family Fabaceae and is native to Central America, the southern United States and Mexico, but is naturalised in many other countries. It is an erect shrub with pinnate leaves, with four or five pairs of egg-shaped leaflets, and yellow flowers arranged in groups of five to eight, usually with seven fertile stamens and four staminodes in each flower.

<i>Cassia javanica</i> Species of legume

Cassia javanica, also known as Java cassia, pink shower, apple blossom tree and rainbow shower tree, is a species of tree in the family Fabaceae. Its origin is in Southeast Asia, but it has been extensively grown in tropical areas worldwide as a garden tree owing to its beautiful crimson and pink flower bunches.

<i>Senna pendula</i> Species of legume

Senna pendula, also known as Easter Cassia, Christmas Senna, winter Senna, climbing Cassia, golden shower, pendant Senna and valamuerto, is a plant of the Fabaceae family with a shrub habit that is native to South America. It used in various parts of the world as an ornamental plant and is an environmental weed in Australia. The flowers are yellow and the name pendula means 'pendulous' or 'drooping'.

<i>Chamaecrista absus</i> Species of plant in the family Fabaceae

Chamaecrista absus, the pig's senna or tropical sensitive pea, is a species of flowering plant in the family Fabaceae, with a worldwide distribution in the tropics and subtropics. An annual herb reaching 60 cm (24 in), it is a common weed of cultivated and waste places, and its seeds are regularly harvested and sold for use in traditional medicine in Africa and Asia.

<i>Senna lindheimeriana</i> Species of plant

Senna lindheimeriana, the velvet leaf senna, is a species of flowering plant in the family Fabaceae. It is native to the US states of Arizona, New Mexico, and Texas, and to eastern Mexico. A perennial typically 1.5 m (5 ft) tall, it is hardy to USDA zone 8a, and is recommended for xeriscaping and for feeding birds, butterflies and bumblebees. It is thought to be lethally toxic to livestock, but is so foul-smelling and unpalatable that only starving mammals will consume it.

Senna atomaria, the flor de San Jose, is a species of flowering plant in the family Fabaceae, native to Mexico, Central America, the Caribbean, Colombia, and Venezuela. A shrub or small tree, it is considered a multi-purpose species; fuel, wood, biomass, soil improvement, medicine, and ornament.

<i>Senna aciphylla</i> Species of legume

Senna aciphylla, commonly known as sprawling senna or Australian senna, is a species of flowering plant in the family Fabaceae and is endemic to eastern Australia. It is a sprawling shrub with pinnate leaves with eight to twelve pairs of linear to narrowly elliptic leaflets, and yellow flowers in pairs or groups of three.

<i>Senna barclayana</i> Species of legume

Senna barclayana, commonly known as smooth senna or pepper-leaf senna, is a species of flowering plant in the family Fabaceae and is endemic to eastern Australia. It is a herbaceous perennial or subshrub with pinnate leaves with six to ten pairs of lance-shaped or narrowly elliptic leaflets, and yellow flowers in groups of six to ten.

<i>Senna cardiosperma</i> Species of legume

Senna cardiosperma is a species of flowering plant in the family Fabaceae and is endemic to the western half of Australia. It is an erect shrub or small tree with pinnate leaves, the number and shape of the leaflets depending on subspecies, yellow flowers with ten fertile stamens in each flower, and flat pods.

<i>Senna coronilloides</i> Species of legume

Senna coronilloides, commonly known as brigalow senna, is a species of flowering plant in the family Fabaceae and is endemic to eastern Australia. It is an erect, sprawling shrub with pinnate leaves with nine to twelve pairs of elliptic leaflets, and groups of three to five yellow flowers in upper leaf axils.

<i>Senna glutinosa</i> Species of legume

Senna glutinosa is a species of flowering plant in the family Fabaceae and is endemic to central and northern arid areas of Australia. It is a shrub or small tree with pinnate leaves with up to seven pairs of leaflets, their shape depending on subspecies, and yellow flowers arranged in groups with ten fertile stamens in each flower.

<i>Senna hirsuta</i> Species of plant

Senna hirsuta, commonly known as woolly senna, is a species of flowering plant in the family Fabaceae and is native to Central and South America, but is naturalised in many other countries. It is an erect or spreading shrub or herbaceous perennial with pinnate leaves, with two to six pairs of egg-shaped leaflets, and yellow flowers arranged in groups of two to six, with six fertile stamens and four staminodes in each flower.

Senna leptoclada is a species of flowering plant in the family Fabaceae and is endemic to Arnhem Land in northern Australia. It is a glaucous, erect to drooping shrub with pinnate leaves usually with two pairs of broadly elliptic leaflets, and yellow flowers arranged in groups of two or three, with ten fertile stamens in each flower.

References

  1. Machuca Machuca, K.; Martínez Salas, E.; Samain, M.-S. (2022). "Hormiguerillo Senna multijuga". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species . 2022: e.T62527A200815987. doi: 10.2305/IUCN.UK.2022-1.RLTS.T62527A200815987.en . Retrieved 2 February 2023.
  2. 1 2 3 4 5 6 "Senna multijuga (Rich.) H.S.Irwin & Barneby". Plants of the World Online . Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew . Retrieved 2 February 2023.
  3. 1 2 3 Datiles, M. J.; Acevedo-Rodrígue, P. (2022). "Senna multijuga (November shower)". CABI Compendium. doi: 10.1079/cabicompendium.49589 . Preferred Common Name; November shower ... Common Names; false sicklepod, golden shower
  4. Ossola, Alessandro; Hoeppner, Malin J.; Burley, Hugh M.; Gallagher, Rachael V.; Beaumont, Linda J.; Leishman, Michelle R. (2020). "The Global Urban Tree Inventory: A database of the diverse tree flora that inhabits the world's cities". Global Ecology and Biogeography. 29 (11): 1907–1914. doi:10.1111/geb.13169. S2CID   225429443.
  5. Fern, Ken (20 July 2022). "Useful Tropical Plants – Senna multijuga (Rich.) H.S.Irwin & Barneby Fabaceae". tropical.theferns.info. Tropical Plants Database. Retrieved 2 February 2023.
  6. 1 2 "Senna multijuga". Royal Botanic Garden Sydney. Retrieved 10 August 2023.
  7. Richard, Louis Claude (1792). Actes de la Societe D' Histoire Naturelle de Paris. Vol. 1. Paris: Société d'Histoire Naturelle de Paris. p. 108. Retrieved 11 August 2023.
  8. "Cassia multijuga". Australian Plant Name Index. Retrieved 10 August 2023.
  9. Hosking, John R.; Conn, Barry J.; Lepschi, Brendan J.; Barker, Clive H. (2007). "Plant species first recognised as naturalised for New South Wales in 2002 and 2003, with additional comments on species recognised as naturalised in 2000–2001". Cunninghamia. 10 (1): 152. Retrieved 11 August 2023.