Albania is a unitary parliamentary constitutional republic, where the President of Albania is the head of state and the Prime Minister of Albania the head of government in a multi-party system. The executive power is exercised by the Government and the Prime Minister with its Cabinet. Legislative power is vested in the Parliament of Albania. The judiciary is independent of the executive and the legislature. The political system of Albania is laid out in the 1998 constitution. The Parliament adopted the current constitution on 28 November 1998. Historically Albania has had many constitutions. Initially constituted as a monarchy in 1913, Albania became briefly a republic in 1925, and then a democratic monarchy in 1928. In 1939 Albania was invaded by Fascist Italian forces, imposing a puppet state, and later occupied by Nazi German forces. Following the partisan liberation from the Nazis in 1944 a provisional government was formed, which by 1946 had transformed into a Communist one party state. In March 1991 democracy was restored with multi-party elections.
Sali Ram Berisha is an Albanian conservative politician and former cardiologist who served as the second President of Albania from 1992 to 1997 and Prime Minister from 2005 to 2013.
Edi Rama is an Albanian politician, painter, writer, former university lecturer, publicist and former basketball player, who has served as the 33rd and current Prime Minister of Albania since 2013 and chairman of the Socialist Party of Albania since 2005.
Fatos Nano is an Albanian socialist politician who served as Prime Minister of Albania in 1991, from 1997 to 1998 and from 2002 to 2005. He was the first leader and founder of the Socialist Party of Albania and a member of the Albanian Parliament from 1991 to 1993 and 1997 to 2009. He reformed the anti-revisionist Marxist-Leninist ideology of the Labor Party of Albania into social democracy for its successor, the Socialist Party. During his leadership, the Socialist Party, as a result of reforms, joined the Socialist International and Party of European Socialists. Nano was a candidate in the 2007 presidential election but did not win. He again tried in the 2012 presidential election, but he did not even qualify as a candidate, because the leaders of parties in Parliament obstructed their respective MPs to elect him as candidate in the elections.
Regular elections in Albania are mandated by the Constitution and legislation enacted by Parliament. The Parliament (Kuvendi) has 140 members elected for four-year terms. The electoral system is closed list proportional representation. There are 12 multi-member constituencies corresponding to the country's 12 administrative regions. Within any constituency, parties must meet a threshold of 3 percent of votes, and pre-election coalitions must meet a threshold of 5 percent of votes.
The Demochristian Party of Albania is a small Christian democratic political party in Albania.
Lulzim Basha is an Albanian politician who served as the chairman of the Democratic Party of Albania, the main opposition party, from 2013 to March 21, 2022 when he stepped down from the leadership of the party.
Abas Ermenji was an Albanian politician, historian and nationalist fighter with social democratic views who opposed the Albanian Monarchy and Communism.
Bujar Nishani was an Albanian politician. He served as President of Albania from 24 July 2012 to 24 July 2017.
The Albanian local elections of 2011 took place on 8 May 2011 in Albania. Electors were asked to elect their municipality's mayor, municipal council members, municipal unit mayor, and municipal unit members. The elections were administrated by the Central Election Commission of Albania. Only 9 of the 384 winning candidates were women.
Ben Blushi is an Albanian politician, writer and journalist.
Parliamentary elections were held in Albania on 23 June 2013. The result was a victory for the Alliance for a European Albania led by the Socialist Party and its leader, Edi Rama. Incumbent Prime Minister Sali Berisha of the Democratic Party-led Alliance for Employment, Prosperity and Integration conceded defeat on 26 June, widely viewed as a sign of growing democratic maturity in Albania.
Erion Veliaj is an Albanian politician, who is currently serving as the Mayor of Tirana. Stemming from a civil society activism organization as the leader of MJAFT!, Veliaj joined the ranks of the Socialist Party of Albania in 2011, when he was appointed Secretary for Youth and Immigration.
Ardian Vehbiu is an Albanian author and translator. He was born in Tirana, Albania in 1959 and now resides in New York City. He is the author of 12 non-fiction and fiction books, as well as of a number of research papers in linguistics and semiotics. He is the winner of the 2009 "Gjergj Fishta" national non-fiction award with "Shqipja totalitare", (2009), as well as the winner of the 2014 "Ardian Klosi" non-fiction award, with "Sende që nxirrte deti", (2013).
Marenglen Verli (1951–) is an Albanian historian and scholar. Since 2009, he is a member of the Academy of Sciences of Albania.
Gjergj Bojaxhi is an Albanian politician and leader Sfida për Shqipërinë.
Floida Kërpaçi is an Albanian politician, member of the Socialist Movement for Integration. Kerpaci is currently the Chairwoman of Youth Movement for Integration.
The Alliance for the Albanians is a centre-right political party founded in 2015 in North Macedonia by Ziadin Sela.
Parliamentary elections were held in Albania on 25 April 2021. It took place during the COVID-19 epidemic.
Belind Këlliçi is an Albanian conservative politician. He was elected Member of Parliament for Tirana County in April 2021 general elections and was the Chairman of the Youth of Democratic of Party of Albania (FRPD) from December 2015 until October 2022. Belind comes from a well-known traditional Tirana family, with a strong political legacy, he is the grandson of Masar Këlliçi, MP representing Tirana and Durrës in the first Albanian Parliament in 1921. He has graduated in the United States. He is an elected member of the Democratic Party's executive board since 2014. On May 28th 2022, Belind was elected member of the Executive Board of the Democratic Party having most of the votes than any other candidate. Belind is also an alumnus of the U.S. Department of State International Exchange Program.
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