Side Impact Protection System

Last updated

Side Impact Protection System (SIPS) is a passive safety system in an automobile to protect against injury in a side collision, developed by Volvo Cars.

Contents

History

SIPS was first introduced in 1991 [1] for the Volvo 700, 900 [2] and 850 series cars of model year 1992. [3] [4] [5] [6] It has been standard on every new Volvo since.

SIPS consists of a reinforced lower sill panel, "B pillar" and reinforcements with energy absorbing honeycomb materials [7] [8] inside the doors. [9] The idea is to more widely distribute the energy in a side collision across the whole side of the car rather than having the b-pillar absorb it all. [6] Driver and passenger seat are mounted on transverse steel rails, [10] not bolted to the floor as per the standard configuration. [11] In a side impact these transverse rails allow the seats to crush a reinforced center console designed to absorb additional energy. [12]

In 1994, [13] for the 1995 model year, [14] the SIPS-Bag [15] was introduced. Initially an option [16] on 850 models, [17] [18] it became standard equipment [13] of all new Volvo automobiles beginning in 1995 [19] for the 1996 model year. [15] The system consists of a mechanically [20] activated [21] side airbag that protects the front seat occupants torsos from hitting the cars interior. [22]

In 1998, for the 1999 model year, the system was extensively redesigned. With the launch of the Volvo S80 the IC airbag, [23] a curtain style airbag [24] deploying from the headlining to protect the head, was added. It has since been standard equipment on all newly released Volvos.
Because of technical reasons the existing Volvo S70, V70 and C70 models were instead equipped with the SIPS-BAG II. [13] [25]

In 2006, [26] for the 2007 model year, the fourth generation SIPS was introduced incorporating more high strength steel, structural changes, more bracing and dual chamber sips-bags. [27] [28]

Notably, under Volvo's 1999-2006 tenure with Ford's Premier Automotive Group, Ford adapted the SIPS system to numerous of its vehicles, including the Ford Five Hundred/Mercury Montego, Freestyle, Taurus X, Flex and fifth generation Explorer as well as the Lincoln MKS, MKT. Ford marketed its system as SPACE (Side Protection and Cabin Enhancement) Architecture, incorporating at floor level a bolt-in hydroformed cross-car steel beam between the B-pillars directly below an identical reinforced cross-roof beam above the B-pillars [29] [30] to channel impact forces around rather than through the passenger cabin. [31]

See also

Related Research Articles

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Volvo Cars</span> Swedish multinational manufacturer of luxury vehicles

Volvo Car AB, trading as Volvo Cars is a Swedish multinational manufacturer of luxury vehicles. Volvo is headquartered in Torslanda, Gothenburg. The company manufactures SUVs, station wagons, and sedans. The company's main marketing revolves around safety and its Swedish heritage and design.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Volvo S60</span> Swedish compact executive sedan

The Volvo S60 is a compact executive car manufactured and marketed by Volvo since 2000.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Volvo S80</span> Swedish executive sedan

The Volvo S80 is an executive car produced by the Swedish manufacturer Volvo Cars from 1998 to 2016 across two generations. It took the place of the rear-wheel-drive S90 as Volvo's flagship sedan.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Volvo XC60</span> Compact luxury crossover SUV

The Volvo XC60 is a compact luxury crossover SUV manufactured and marketed by Swedish automaker Volvo Cars since 2008.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Volvo S40</span> Swedish series of compact cars

The Volvo S40 is a series of subcompact executive cars marketed and produced by the Swedish manufacturer Volvo Cars from 1995 to 2012, offered as a more mainstream alternative to the compact executive Volvo S60 to compete in a lower pricing bracket. The S40 was more or less positioned against premium-leaning small family cars like the Volkswagen Jetta as well as some mass-market large family cars.

The Volvo P2 platform is a global full-size unibody automobile platform developed and produced by Volvo. It is designed for single wheelbases and is adaptable to front- or all wheel drive configurations. It was developed by the automaker before its 1999 acquisition by Ford Motor Company, and debuted with the 1998 Volvo S80.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Volvo V70</span> Swedish executive station wagon

The Volvo V70 is an executive car manufactured and marketed by Volvo Cars from 1996 to 2016 across three generations. The name V70 combines the letter V, standing for versatility, and 70, denoting relative platform size.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Volvo S70</span> Swedish compact executive sedan

The Volvo S70 is a compact executive car produced by Volvo Cars from 1996 to 2000. The S70 was essentially a facelifted 850 saloon. The S70 was replaced with the Volvo S60.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Volvo S90</span> Swedish executive sedan

The Volvo S90 is an executive sedan manufactured and marketed by Swedish automaker Volvo Cars since 2016. Its estate variant is called the Volvo V90.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Volvo C70</span> Swedish sports car

The Volvo C70 is a two-door, four-passenger sports GT manufactured and marketed by Volvo Cars from 1996 to 2013 across two generations.

The Aisin AW AF33 is a 5-speed automatic transaxle developed and manufactured in Anjo, Japan by Aisin AW, a division of Aisin. It is designed to be used in transverse engine configurations in both FWD and AWD configurations.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Ford EUCD platform</span> Motor vehicle platform

The Ford EUCD platform is Ford's global midsize car automobile platform launched in 2006.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Volvo ECC</span>

The Volvo ECC was an executive luxury concept car built by Volvo in 1992. It was a design exercise in using recycled material and hybrid technology. It was powered by a hybrid electric and gas turbine engine. Many of its lines and general styling were used as inspiration for the first generation Volvo S80. The ECC set a new design language for future Volvo models from the S80 onwards, the most obvious styling feature being the stepped waistline, which was inspired by the similar feature on the 200 Series, whilst retaining some of the angular elements from the 700/900 ranges.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Volvo Modular engine</span> Reciprocating internal combustion engine

The Volvo Modular Engine is a family of straight-four, straight-five, and straight-six automobile piston engines that was produced by Volvo Cars in Skövde, Sweden from 1990 until 2016. All engines feature an aluminum engine block and aluminum cylinder head, forged steel connecting rods, aluminum pistons and double overhead camshafts.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">WHIPS</span>

Whiplash Protection System (WHIPS) is a system to protect against automotive whiplash injuries introduced by Volvo in 1998. It was launched when the Volvo S80 was released for the 1999 model year and has since been part of the standard equipment of all new Volvo cars.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Volvo 850</span> Car model made by Volvo Car Corporation

The Volvo 850 is a compact executive car that was produced by the Swedish manufacturer Volvo Cars from 1991 until 1996. Designed by Jan Wilsgaard, the car was introduced in a saloon body style; an estate style was introduced in 1993.

An anti-intrusion bar or beam is a passive safety device, installed in most cars and other ground vehicles, which must protect passengers from side impacts. Side impacts are particularly dangerous for two reasons: a) the location of impact is very close to the passenger, who can be immediately reached by the impacting vehicle; b) in many side-impact accidents, the impacting vehicle may be larger, taller, heavier, or structurally stiffer than the struck vehicle. The role of an anti-intrusion bar is to absorb the kinetic energy of the colliding vehicles that is partially converted into internal work of the members involved in the crash.

The Volvo P80 platform was a Swedish mid-size unibody automobile platform developed and produced by Volvo Cars. It was in use from 1991 to 2005. It is designed for different wheelbases in front-wheel drive configurations and was adapted to all wheel drive. It debuted with the 1991 Volvo 850. Although heavily modified by TWR, the same basic chassis was used as the underpinnings for the C70. After the model year 2000 most P80 models were replaced by their P2 successors, with the exception of the C70 convertible which remained in production until 2005. A total of 1,360,522 cars based on this platform were built.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Volvo Engine Architecture</span> Reciprocating internal combustion engine

The Volvo Engine Architecture (VEA) is a family of straight-three and straight-four automobile petrol and diesel engines produced by Volvo Cars in Skövde, Sweden, since 2013, Zhangjiakou, China since 2016 and Tanjung Malim, Malaysia since 2022 by Proton. Volvo markets all engines under the Drive–E designation, while Geely groups the three-cylinder variants with its other engines under the G-power name. These engines are some of the few ever put into production as twincharged engines, in the company of the Lancia Delta S4 and concept Jaguar CX-75.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Volvo R</span> High-performance cars by Volvo

The Volvo R marque represents the high-performance division of cars produced by Volvo. The R marque refers to an unknown adjective, since Volvo markets R-designated vehicles as being the most performance-oriented trim level. The first vehicle in the Volvo R marque lineup, the Volvo 850 T-5R, was introduced in 1995, followed by the Volvo S70 R and Volvo V70 R in 1998. A related performance trim line, Volvo R-Design, was launched for 2008. Volvo's high-performance vehicles are now developed by their Polestar division, although most Volvo models are offered in an R-Design trim level.

References

  1. ↑ "R&D milestones of the Volvo Group". www.volvogroup.com. Volvo Group. 2011. Archived from the original on 2011-06-16. Retrieved 2017-07-07.
  2. ↑ "Volvo '92: New model, new engine and a unique safety innovation". new.volvocars.com (Press release). Rockleigh, New Jersey: Volvo Cars of North America. 1992. Archived from the original on 2017-02-06. Retrieved 2017-07-07.
  3. ↑ "Produktinformation - tidigare Volvomodeller". www.volvocars.com (in Swedish). Archived from the original on 2015-03-02. Retrieved 2017-07-07.
  4. ↑ "Volvo 1992 Tech & Spec". www.oocities.org. Volvo Cars of North America. 1992. Archived from the original on 2015-07-12. Retrieved 2017-07-07.
  5. ↑ "History of Volvo". www.swedecar.com. Archived from the original on 2011-08-29. Retrieved 2017-07-07.
  6. 1 2 "SIPS: A unique safety solution from Volvo" (PDF). www.volvoclub.org.uk. Volvo Car Corporation. October 1991. Archived (PDF) from the original on 2017-08-04. Retrieved 2017-07-07.
  7. ↑ "Status Report Vol.31 No.8" (PDF). www.iihs.org. IIHS. 28 September 1996. p. 6. Archived (PDF) from the original on 2018-05-14. Retrieved 2018-04-13.
  8. ↑ "The new 960 from Volvo - an unexpected experience". new.volvocars.com (Press release). Rockleigh, New Jersey: Volvo Cars of North America. 1995. Archived from the original on 2017-02-06. Retrieved 2017-07-07.
  9. ↑ "It is an agile, exciting sports sedan. And by the way, it's also a Volvo!". new.volvocars.com (Press release). Rockleigh, New Jersey: Volvo Cars of North America. 1993. Archived from the original on 2017-02-06. Retrieved 2017-07-07.
  10. ↑ Paul Dean (9 October 1992). "1993 Volvo 850" . www.cars.com. Los Angeles Times. Archived from the original on 2017-10-09. Retrieved 2017-10-09.
  11. ↑ "The 850 GLT: A new Volvo and more". new.volvocars.com (Press release). Rockleigh, New Jersey: Volvo Cars of North America. 1992. Archived from the original on 2017-02-06. Retrieved 2017-07-07.
  12. ↑ "Volvo's innovative 850 features- four new patents". new.volvocars.com (Press release). Rockleigh, New Jersey: Volvo Cars of North America. 1992. Archived from the original on 2017-02-06. Retrieved 2017-07-07.
  13. 1 2 3 "Second-Generation Sips-Bag protects both chest and head". www.volvogroup.com. Volvo Group. 17 July 1998. Archived from the original on 2015-02-21. Retrieved 2017-07-07.
  14. ↑ "Safety". www.volvocars.com. Volvo Cars of North America. 1997. Archived from the original on 1998-02-02. Retrieved 2017-07-07.
  15. 1 2 USDOT (7 June 1999). "PE99-040" (PDF). static.nhtsa.gov (ODI investigation). NHTSA. pp. 2, 24. Archived (PDF) from the original on 2018-01-29. Retrieved 2018-01-29.
  16. ↑ Peter C. T. Elsworth (2 October 1994). "The First Side-Impact Air Bags: How Volvo's System Works" . The New York Times . Archived from the original on 2017-02-24. Retrieved 2017-07-07.
  17. ↑ "Volvo announces side-impact airbags - a world safety first". new.volvocars.com (Press release). Rockleigh, New Jersey: Volvo Cars of North America. 1993. Archived from the original on 2017-02-06. Retrieved 2017-07-07.
  18. ↑ "Eine Beilage der Berner Zeitung BZ (Nr. 106)" [A supplement of the Berner Newspaper BZ (Nr. 106)](PDF). www.gpbern.ch (in Swiss High German). BZ. 8 May 1995. p. 13. Archived (PDF) from the original on 2016-08-26. Retrieved 2017-10-09.
  19. ↑ "Volvo lights the way to safety - 100% of Volvos have DRL's". new.volvocars.com (Press release). Rockleigh, New Jersey: Volvo Cars of North America. 1994. Archived from the original on 2017-02-06. Retrieved 2017-07-07.
  20. ↑ Jim Mateja (22 August 1994). "And Now, From Volvo, The Side-impact Air Bag". articles.chicagotribune.com. Chicago Tribune. Archived from the original on 2017-10-09. Retrieved 2017-10-09.
  21. ↑ "Gefährdungspotential durch mechanischen SIPS-Seiten-Airbag" [Dangers of mechanical SIPS side airbag]. www.technische-hilfeleistung.info (in German). 20 May 2014. Archived from the original on 2014-06-20. Retrieved 2017-08-04.
  22. ↑ "Status Report Vol.31 No.4" (PDF). www.iihs.org. IIHS. 4 May 1996. pp. 2–3. Archived (PDF) from the original on 2018-04-13. Retrieved 2018-04-12.
  23. ↑ "Engineering and technological innovation are hallmarks of the 1999 Volvo line-up". new.volvocars.com (Press release). Rockleigh, New Jersey: Volvo Cars of North America. October 1998. Archived from the original on 2007-11-02. Retrieved 2017-07-07.
  24. ↑ "Airbags". new.volvocars.com (Owner's manual). Volvo Car Corporation. 2005. pp. 12–14. Archived from the original on 2011-06-29. Retrieved 2017-08-04.
  25. ↑ "Status Report Vol.32 No.10" (PDF). www.iihs.org. IIHS. 27 December 1997. pp. 1–3. Archived (PDF) from the original on 2017-09-22. Retrieved 2018-04-12.
  26. ↑ "All New Volvo S80: Style, Sophistication, Safety and Scandinavian". www.media.volvocars.com. Volvo Car Corporation. 28 February 2006. Archived from the original on 2017-03-02. Retrieved 2018-01-30.
  27. ↑ Jakobsson, Lotta; Lindman, Magdalena; Svanberg, Bo; Carlsson, Henrik (2010). "Real World Data Driven Evolution of Volvo Cars' Side Impact Protection Systems and their Effectiveness". Annals of Advances in Automotive Medicine / Annual Scientific Conference. 54: 127–136. ISSN   1943-2461. PMC   3242537 . PMID   21050597.
  28. ↑ "ALL-NEW VOLVO V70: Takes Safety to New Heights". www.media.volvocars.com. Volvo Car Corporation. 1 February 2007. Archived from the original on 2018-07-30. Retrieved 2018-05-24.
  29. ↑
  30. ↑
  31. ↑ Richard Truett (January 4, 2004). "2004 Detroit: Three new Fords have touches of Volvo: Influence shows in platform, safety". Autoweek.
This page is based on this Wikipedia article
Text is available under the CC BY-SA 4.0 license; additional terms may apply.
Images, videos and audio are available under their respective licenses.