Siliquofera

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Siliquofera
Macrolyristes Corporalis.JPG
Adult specimen with wings of the opposite side open
Scientific classification OOjs UI icon edit-ltr.svg
Domain: Eukaryota
Kingdom: Animalia
Phylum: Arthropoda
Class: Insecta
Order: Orthoptera
Suborder: Ensifera
Family: Tettigoniidae
Subfamily: Phyllophorinae
Genus: Siliquofera
Bolívar, 1903 [1]
Species:
S. grandis
Binomial name
Siliquofera grandis
(Blanchard, 1853)
Synonyms

Siliquofera is a genus of bush cricket in the subfamily Phyllophorinae that includes only one species, Siliquofera grandis, [2] which is fairly common and widespread in rainforest canopies of New Guinea and nearby smaller islands, and seemingly rare (possibly overlooked) in Australia where only found in the remote Iron Range region. [3] [4] [5] [6] This very well-camouflaged, green and leaf-like bush cricket is one of the world's largest Orthoptera (grasshopper, crickets and alike), with adults typically having a length of 10.7–13 cm (4.2–5.1 in) and a wingspan of 25–27 cm (9.8–10.6 in); it can weigh more than 30 g (1.1 oz). [7] [8] [9]

Contents

English names include hooded katydid and giant katydid indicating its size and the shape of the pronotum, but both names are also used for other species. S. grandis was first scientifically described by Émile Blanchard in 1853, who placed it in the genus Phyllophora . [10] The type locality was described as "Hollandia" (Jayapura) in Irian Jaya, with the type specimen placed in the National Museum of Natural History, France. [2] The species was only moved to its own genus Siliquofera in 1903 by Ignacio Bolívar. [1] Phyllophora and Siliquofera generally resemble each other, but the adults can easily be separate by the pronotum. In both, there are ridges with serrations along the pronotum's sides, but in Phyllophora there is also a spine on each side. [5] This species has also been confused with Arachnacris (= Macrolyristes) corporalis in the Mecopodini. [11]

Behaviour

Females of S. grandis can reach a larger size than males. During her lifetime, a female can deposit up to 400 eggs in the soil with her ovipositor. Each egg measures about 14 mm (0.55 in) long and 3 mm (0.12 in) wide. They hatch into nymphs after a couple of months, which resemble the adults, but are smaller and wingless (giving them a more stubby appearance). A few months after hatching, they become adults. They may live for more than a year. [9] [12]

Both adults and nymphs feed exclusively on plants. Being relatively large and originating from tropical rainforests, they have specialised requirements, but have proven relatively easy to maintain in captivity, feeding primarily on leaves from a wide range of plants such as bramble, roses, oak, fig and dandelions, but also vegetables and fruits such as lettuce, apples, carrots and cucumbers. [8] [9] [12]

Sound

As typical of the subfamily Phyllophorinae but unlike most other bush crickets, S. grandis have a stridulation apparatus in the coxosternum, not in the tegmen. S. grandis is able to produce a relatively loud sound with its stridulation apparatus and by rapidly vibrating its wings. It uses sounds and vibrations both for communicating with others of the same species and for scaring away potential predators (e.g., when it is caught). [12]

Related Research Articles

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Tettigoniidae</span> Family of insects

Insects in the family Tettigoniidae are commonly called katydids, or bush crickets. They have previously been known as "long-horned grasshoppers". More than 8,000 species are known. Part of the suborder Ensifera, the Tettigoniidae are the only extant (living) family in the superfamily Tettigonioidea.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Ensifera</span> Suborder of cricket-like animals

Ensifera is a suborder of insects that includes the various types of crickets and their allies including: true crickets, camel crickets, bush crickets or katydids, grigs, weta and Cooloola monsters. This and the suborder Caelifera make up the order Orthoptera. Ensifera is believed to be a more ancient group than Caelifera, with its origins in the Carboniferous period, the split having occurred at the end of the Permian period. Unlike the Caelifera, the Ensifera contain numerous members that are partially carnivorous, feeding on other insects, as well as plants.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Roesel's bush-cricket</span> Species of cricket-like animal

Roesel's bush-cricket, Roeseliana roeselii is a European bush-cricket, named after August Johann Rösel von Rosenhof, a German entomologist.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Tettigoniinae</span> Subfamily of cricket-like animals

The Tettigoniinae are a subfamily of bush crickets or katydids, which contains hundreds of species in about twelve tribes.

<i>Kawanaphila</i> Genus of cricket-like animals

Kawanaphila is a genus of insects in family Tettigoniidae from Australia. It was described in 1993 by David C. Rentz.

<i>Saga pedo</i> Species of cricket-like animal

Saga pedo is a species of wingless bush cricket from the southern half of Europe and western and central Asia. This brown or green bush cricket typically has a total length, from the head to the tip of the ovipositor, of up to 10.5 cm (4.1 in), but exceptionally it may reach 12 cm (4.7 in), which makes it one of the largest European insects and one of the world's largest Orthoptera. The head-and-body alone typically is 5–7 cm (2.0–2.8 in) long in adults, but may reach up to 7.8 cm (3.1 in).

<i>Macroxiphus</i> Genus of orthopterans whose immature stage mimics ants

Macroxiphus is a small genus of bush crickets or katydids distributed in Southeast Asia and Micronesia. The nymphs of the insects mimic ants.

<i>Phaneroptera nana</i> Species of cricket-like animal

Phaneroptera nana, common name southern sickle bush-cricket, is a species in the family Tettigoniidae and subfamily Phaneropterinae. It has become an invasive species in California where it may be called the Mediterranean katydid.

<i>Yersinella raymondi</i> Species of cricket-like animal

Yersinella raymondi, common name Raymond's Bush-cricket, is a species of "katydids crickets" belonging to the family Tettigoniidae subfamily Tettigoniinae. The scientific name Yersinella comes from the name of the entomologist who has described the species in 1860.

Panoploscelis is a genus of very large insects belonging to the true katydid tribe Eucocconotini, which is a subfamily of the Tettigoniidae. Like the other members of the suborder Ensifera, Panoploscelis are part of the insect order Orthoptera, which also contains crickets, grasshoppers and locusts. Members of this genus are among the largest katydids of the Neotropics.

<i>Hexacentrus</i> Genus of cricket-like animals

Hexacentrus is the type genus of bush-crickets in the subfamily Hexacentrinae. Most species of this genus occur in Southeast Asia and in Africa.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Mecopodinae</span> Subfamily of cricket-like animals

Mecopodinae are a subfamily of bush crickets found in western South America, sub-Saharan Africa, and Asia. In Asia, the distribution includes India, Indochina, Japan, the Philippines, and Malesia to Papua New Guinea and Australasia, including many Pacific islands.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Conocephalinae</span> Subfamily of cricket-like animals

Conocephalinae, meaning "conical head", is an Orthopteran subfamily in the family Tettigoniidae.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Agraeciini</span> Tribe of cricket-like animals

Agraeciini is a large tribe of bush crickets or katydids in the conehead subfamily, Conocephalinae.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Phyllophorinae</span> Subfamily of cricket-like animals

The Phyllophorinae is a subfamily of the bush crickets or katydids, found in east Malesia to Australia.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Hexacentrinae</span> Subfamily of cricket-like animals

The Hexacentrinae, are a subfamily of predatory bush crickets or katydids. The type genus is Hexacentrus, which may be known as "balloon-winged" bush crickets/katydids etc., is also the most speciose and widespread in Africa and Asia.

<i>Pseudophyllus titan</i> Species of cricket-like animal

Pseudophyllus titan, the giant false leaf katydid, is a species of leaf-mimic bush-cricket of the subfamily Pseudophyllinae found in the canopy of tropical forests in Mainland Southeast Asia, Bangladesh, northeastern India, and southernmost China (Yunnan). It is among the largest species in the genus Pseudophyllus, which also makes it one of the world's largest Orthoptera, with a typical length of 13 cm (5.1 in) from head to tip of the folded wings and a wingspan of c. 23 cm (9.1 in). Like many other species of crickets and grasshoppers, the male is capable of stridulation, producing a relatively loud and distinctive, bird-like chirp; it usually stridulates ("sings") at night.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Zaprochilinae</span> Subfamily of cricket-like animals

Zaprochilinae is a subfamily of bush-crickets found in Australia; the type genus is Zaprochilus.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Tettigoniidea</span> Infraorder of cricket-like animals

Tettigoniidea is an infraorder of the order Orthoptera, with six extant families.

<i>Caedicia simplex</i> Species of insect

Caedicia simplex is a species of bush cricket, native to New Zealand and Australia. Its common name is the common garden katydid.

References

  1. 1 2 Bolívar, I. (1903). "Contributions a l'étude des Mecopodinae". Ann. hist.-nat. Mus. Nat. Hung. 1: 161–178.
  2. 1 2 Orthoptera Species File: species Siliquofera grandis (Blanchard, 1853) (Version 5.0/5.0; retrieved 3 November 2022)
  3. ↑ De Jong, C. (1972). "Notes on Phyllophorinae (Orthoptera, Tettigoniidae) from New Guinea – Orthopterological Notes VII". Zoologische Mededelingen. 47: 479–605.
  4. ↑ Rentz, D.; Su, Y.N.; Ueshima, N. (2009). "Studies in Australian Tettigoniidae: The Phyllophorinae (Orthoptera: Tettigoniidae; Phyllophorinae)". Zootaxa. 2075 (1): 55–68. doi:10.5281/zenodo.187196.
  5. 1 2 Rentz, D. (2010). A Guide to the Katydids of Australia. CSIRO Publishing. pp. 147–148. ISBN   978-0643095540.
  6. ↑ Bateman, D. (10 June 2017). "Giant rare bug discovered in Cape York". Cairns Post. Retrieved 15 August 2023.
  7. ↑ Griffini, A. (1908). "Phyllophorinae del Museo Civico di Storia Naturale di Genova". Zoologischer Anzeiger (in Italian). 32: 641–649.
  8. 1 2 Zsófia, D. (2022). "Valódi ritkaság – szöcskeóriás a budapesti állatkertben". Állatvilág (in Hungarian). IX (6): 29.
  9. 1 2 3 Glaw, F.; Glaw, T. (April 2023). "Die Riesenblattschrecke Siliquofera grandis (Blanchard, 1853)" (in German). Freunde der ZSM (Bavarian State Collection of Zoology). Retrieved 15 August 2023.
  10. ↑ Blanchard E (1853) In Hombron & Jacquinot [Ed.]. Voyage au Pole Sud et dans l' Océanie sur les Corvettes l' Astrolabe et la Zélée exècuté par ordre du roi pendant les années 1837-1838-1839-1840 364.
  11. ↑ [OSF: species Arachnacris corporalis (Karny, 1924) http://orthoptera.archive.speciesfile.org/Common/basic/Taxa.aspx?TaxonNameID=1135773]
  12. 1 2 3 Korsunovskaya, O.; et al. (2020). "Biology, sounds and vibratory signals of hooded katydids (Orthoptera: Tettigoniidae: Phyllophorinae)". Zootaxa. 4852 (3): 309–322. doi:10.11646/zootaxa.4852.3.3.
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