| Slaty-crowned antpitta | |
|---|---|
 | |
| G. n. occidentalis, Colombia | |
Scientific classification  | |
| Domain: | Eukaryota |
| Kingdom: | Animalia |
| Phylum: | Chordata |
| Class: | Aves |
| Order: | Passeriformes |
| Family: | Grallariidae |
| Genus: | Grallaricula |
| Species: | G. nana |
| Binomial name | |
| Grallaricula nana (Lafresnaye, 1842) | |
 | |
The slaty-crowned antpitta or slate-crowned antpitta [2] (Grallaricula nana) is a species of bird in the family Grallariidae. [3] It is found in Brazil, Colombia, Ecuador, Guyana, Peru, and Venezuela. [4]
"The taxonomic divisions and subspecific range limits of Slate-crowned Antpitta are far from resolved." [5] As of 2024 the slaty-crowned antpitta has these six subspecies assigned: [3]
What are now the two subspecies of the Sucre antpitta (G. cumanensis) were previously treated as subspecies of the slaty-crowned. Some authors have suggested that G. n. kukenamensis should be treated as a full species but this suggestion has not gained wide support. [5] [6] The Clements taxonomy does note it within the species as the "Slate-crowned Antpitta (Guianan)" distinguished from the other five subspecies grouped as the "Slate-crowned Antpitta (Slate-crowned)". [2]
"Grallaricula are very small Andean antpittas, found mostly in low dense vegetation (such as treefall gaps, stream edges, and bamboo thickets)." [7] The slaty-crowned antpitta is 10.5 to 11.5 cm (4.1 to 4.5 in) long and weighs 17.5 to 23 g (0.62 to 0.81 oz). The sexes have the same plumage. Adult males of the nominate subspecies G. n. nana have an orange rufous loral spot and eyering on an otherwise olive brown face. Their crown is dark slaty gray. Their upperparts and tail are dark olive brown and their wings dark tawny brown. Their underparts are mostly orange rufous with a white crescent across their lower throat and a white center to their belly. [5]
The other subspecies of the slaty-crowned antpitta differ from the nominate and each other thus: [5] [7] [8] [9] [10] [ excessive citations ]
All subspecies have a brown iris, a black bill with a white or pinkish base to the mandible, and gray legs and feet. [5]
As noted above, the ranges of the slaty-crowned antpitta's subspecies have not been completely resolved. [5] The species has a highly disjunct distribution. As is best known as of late 2023, the subspecies are found thus: [2] [5] [7] [8] [9] [10] [ excessive citations ]
Though none of the above sources note it, the South American Classification Committee of the American Ornithological Society has records in Brazil that can be attributed to G. n. kukenamensis. [4]
The slaty-crowned antpitta inhabits montane forest in the subtropical to temperate zone, almost always in and near dense stands of Chusquea bamboo. In elevation it ranges between 2,200 and 2,900 m (7,200 and 9,500 ft) in Peru, between 2,000 and 2,900 m (6,600 and 9,500 ft) in Ecuador, between 2,000 and 3,300 m (6,600 and 10,800 ft) in Colombia, and between 700 and 2,800 m (2,300 and 9,200 ft) in Venezuela. [5] [7] [8] [9] [10] [ excessive citations ]
The slaty-crowned antpitta is resident throughout its range. [1]
The slaty-crowned antpitta's diet has not been detailed but is known to include insects, other arthropods, and earthworms. It typically forages singly or in pairs, hopping through dense foliage and on the ground. It gleans prey from foliage from a perch or by short reaches and sallies, and captures prey from leaf litter on the ground. It has been seen attending swarms of Labidus army ants. It apparently rarely joins mixed-species feeding flocks. [5]
Most of the data for the slaty-crowned antpitta's breeding biology are from subspecies G. n. occidentalis in Ecuador. The species' breeding season there includes at least September to November. Its nest is a shallow cup of leaves (whole and partial) on a platform of sticks and lined with rootlets and other flexible fibers. They are typically placed on the base of bamboo leaves, on thin branches, or in vine tangles, and almost always in or very near stands of bamboo. The only height measurements placed two nests 2 and 2.4 m (7 and 8 ft) above the ground. The usual clutch size appears to be one egg; it is pale brown or beige with dark markings. The incubation period and time to fledging are not known. Both parents build the nest, incubate the egg, and brood and provision nestlings. [5] [11]
The slaty-crowned antpitta's song differs slightly among the subspecies. [5] It has been written as "pee-pee-PEE-pee-pee-pee-pee-pee" (Peru), "we-e-e-e-e-e-e-e-e-e-e-e-ew" (Ecuador), "we'ti'ti'ti'ti'ti'te'tee'too" (Colombia), and "we'e'e'ti'ti'ti'ti'ti'ti'ti'ti'ti'ti'te'te'te'e'e'e" (Venezuela). [7] [8] [10] [12] [ excessive citations ] Descriptions of its call include "a descending "tew" note" [7] and "a short and abrupt 'tchew' " [8] .
The IUCN has assessed the slaty-crowned antpitta as being of Least Concern. It has a very large range; its population size is not known and is believed to be stable. No immediate threats have been identified. [1] It is considered fairly common in Peru and Colombia and fairly common to common in Venezuela. [7] [9] [10] It "appears that the Slate-crowned Antpitta can tolerate some degree of human-alteration of their habitat". [5] It is "linked to somewhat naturally disturbed areas, especially dense secondary growth and bamboos stands, but are still reliant on ‘good’ forest coverage". [13]
The golden-olive woodpecker is a species of bird in the subfamily Picinae of the woodpecker family Picidae. It is found from Mexico south and east through Panama, in every mainland South American country except Chile, Paraguay, and Uruguay, and Trinidad and Tobago.
The slaty antwren is a small passerine bird in subfamily Thamnophilinae of family Thamnophilidae, the "typical antbirds". It is found from Mexico south through Central America, Colombia, Ecuador, Peru, and Venezuela.
The grey-naped antpitta is a species of bird in the family Grallariidae. It is endemic to Venezuela.
The scaled antpitta is a species of bird in the family Grallariidae. It is found in Bolivia, Brazil, Colombia, Costa Rica, Ecuador, El Salvador, Guatemala, Guyana, Honduras, Mexico, Nicaragua, Panama, Peru, Trinidad and Tobago, and Venezuela.
The plain-backed antpitta is a species of bird in the family Grallariidae. It is found in Colombia, Ecuador, Peru, and Venezuela.
The chestnut-naped antpitta is a species of bird in the family Grallariidae. It is found in Colombia, Ecuador, and Peru.
The chestnut-crowned antpitta is a species of bird in the family Grallariidae. It is found in Colombia, Ecuador, Peru, and Venezuela.
The undulated antpitta is a bird in the family Grallariidae. It is found in Bolivia, Colombia, Ecuador, Peru, and Venezuela.
The rusty-breasted antpitta is a species of bird in the family Grallariidae. It is found in Colombia and Venezuela.
The ochre-breasted antpitta is a species of bird in the family Grallariidae. It is found in Bolivia, Colombia, Costa Rica, Ecuador, Panama, and Peru.
The crescent-faced antpitta is a species of bird in the family Grallariidae. It is found in Colombia and Ecuador.
The white-lored antpitta or fulvous-bellied antpitta is a species of bird in the family Grallariidae. It is found in Colombia, Ecuador, and Peru.
The spotted antpitta is a species of bird in the family Grallariidae. It is found in Brazil, Colombia, French Guiana, Guyana, Peru, Suriname, and Venezuela.
The black-chinned antbird is a species of bird in subfamily Thamnophilinae of family Thamnophilidae, the "typical antbirds". It is found in Brazil, Colombia, Ecuador, French Guiana, Guyana, Peru, Suriname, and Venezuela.
The marble-faced bristle tyrant is a species of passerine bird in the family Tyrannidae, the tyrant flycatchers. It is found in Bolivia, Colombia, Ecuador, Peru, and Venezuela.
The black-crowned antshrike is a species of bird in subfamily Thamnophilinae of family Thamnophilidae, the "typical antbirds". It is found in every Central American country except El Salvador and in Colombia, Ecuador, Peru, and Venezuela.
The northern slaty antshrike is a species of bird in subfamily Thamnophilinae of family Thamnophilidae, the "typical antbirds". It is found in Brazil, Colombia, Ecuador, French Guiana, Guyana, Peru, Suriname, and Venezuela.
The black-tailed trogon is a species of bird in the family Trogonidae, the quetzals and trogons. It is found Panama and northern South America.
The Sucre antpitta is a Vulnerable species of bird in the family Grallariidae.It is endemic to Venezuela.
The white-fronted tyrannulet is a species of bird in subfamily Elaeniinae of family Tyrannidae, the tyrant flycatchers. It is found in Bolivia, Colombia, Costa Rica, Ecuador, Panama, Peru, and Venezuela.
