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Spa Valley Railway | |
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British Railways 0-6-0 Class A No. 52322 at Eridge | |
Commercial operations | |
Original gauge | 4 ft 8+1⁄2 in (1,435 mm) standard gauge |
Preserved operations | |
Stations | 4 |
Length | 5.5 mi (8.9 km) |
Preserved gauge | 4 ft 8+1⁄2 in (1,435 mm) standard gauge |
Commercial history | |
Closed | 1985 |
Preservation history | |
December 1996 | Re-open first 0.8 mi (1.3 km) from Tunbridge Wells West to near High Rocks |
August 1997 | Open to Groombridge |
2005 | line to Birchden Jn open for special services |
25 March 2011 | Open to Eridge |
Headquarters | Tunbridge Wells West railway station |
Spa Valley Railway | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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The Spa Valley Railway (SVR) is a standard gauge heritage railway in the United Kingdom that runs from Tunbridge Wells West railway station in Royal Tunbridge Wells to High Rocks, Groombridge, and Eridge, where it links with the Oxted Line.
It crosses the Kent and East Sussex border, covering a distance of 5 miles (8 km), along the former Wealden Line between Tunbridge Wells Central and Lewes. The railway headquarters is also at Tunbridge Wells West railway station.
The railway was engineered by the London, Brighton and South Coast Railway (LB&SCR) Chief Engineer Frederick Banister, as part of the East Grinstead, Groombridge and Tunbridge Wells Railway (EGGTWR). This being an extension to the Three Bridges–Tunbridge Wells line which had been completed in 1855.
The EGGTWR was part of a regional race between the LB&SCR and the SER, and a specific race to access the town of Royal Tunbridge Wells: [1]
The LB&SCR opened Tunbridge Wells West in 1866 as the eastern terminus of the EGGTW; there was also an extension to Tunbridge Wells Central. From Tunbridge Wells West railway station. There were direct services to the South Coast at Brighton and Eastbourne and to London Victoria. The Victoria services ran via Groombridge and Ashurst. A sign outside the station proudly proclaimed, "New Route to London: Shortest, Quickest and Most Direct. Frequent Express Trains". [2]
As the popularity of the motor car increased, train services were severely cut back due to the lack of patronage, and the number of services passing through Tunbridge Wells West railway station declined as one line after another was closed from the 1950s onwards. First, the East Grinstead to Lewes line closed in 1958, then the Cuckoo Line in 1965, the Three Bridges to Groombridge in 1967, and finally the Wealden Line south of Uckfield in 1969. The line between Tunbridge Wells and Eridge was itself listed for closure in 1966, only to be subsequently reprieved. The line remained open, although in its latter years passenger services were mainly confined to a shuttle service between Tonbridge (via the single line connection to Tunbridge Wells Central – now plain Tunbridge Wells) and Eridge with a few through trains to Uckfield. However, there was a depot at Tunbridge Wells West which housed rolling stock for services on the Uckfield– and East Grinstead–London (via East Croydon) lines, and there were several empty stock moves early and late in the day.
By the early 1980s, the track and signalling needed to be replaced and British Rail were planning an upgrade of the Tonbridge to Hastings Line. British Rail therefore, announced the proposed closure of the line (including Groombridge and Tunbridge Wells West stations) from 16 May 1983 which was later deferred after public objections. It was announced in February 1985 that the Secretary of State for Transport agreed to the withdrawal of passenger services deciding that the cost of keeping the line open from Birchden Jn to Grove Jn and undertaking renewing Grove Junction did not justify the outlay. The passenger service was withdrawn from 8 July 1985 although the section between Tunbridge Wells West and Birchden Jn remained open for rolling stock movements until 10 August, when the depot at Tunbridge Wells West station was shut. [3] At the time of closure, Tunbridge Wells West station had gas lighting, which was in operation in the ticket office and under the canopy.
The SVR has its origins in a charitable society formed on 13 September 1985, to purchase and reopen the Tunbridge Wells West to Eridge line. Named the Tunbridge Wells and Eridge Railway Preservation Society (TWERPS), it began a long struggle to reopen the line. The campaign received a setback in the late 1980s when Tunbridge Wells Borough Council gave planning permission for the construction of a large Sainsbury's supermarket complex on the site of the derelict station site of Tunbridge Wells West. While the 1891 locomotive shed and station building were protected as listed buildings, the remaining area of the site was obliterated, including the goods shed and signal boxes. However, planning permission was subject to the condition that the developer pay for construction of a new station platform and restoration of the engine shed. [4]
The North Downs Steam Railway relocated from Dartford in 1996, where it was experiencing vandalism problems, and merged with TWERPS. It transferred its assets and helped establish a base in the former LB&SCR locomotive shed. The group had also acquired the line as far as Birchden Junction during that year. Alongside the loco shed, a new platform was built, from where services began running to Cold Bath Bridge (about 0.8 miles (1.3 km) away) in December 1996. Services were extended to Groombridge in August 1997 and to Birchden Junction in 2005.
In 2007, SVR marked the 10th anniversary of the opening of the line by transforming Groombridge into a busy interchange station, with trains arriving or departing every 15 minutes. [5] The funds raised from this event went towards the "Return to Eridge" appeal to raise £500,000 for the extension to the Uckfield main line at Eridge. On 25 March 2011 the SVR extended passenger services to Eridge, where there is a footbridge interchange with Southern services on the London Bridge to Uckfield line.
In August 2017, a special event (20th Birthday Bash) was held to celebrate 20 years since the reopening of the line to Groombridge, starring a variety of home and visiting locomotives, including BR Standard 4 Tank 80078.
Identity | Former operator | Class | Builder | Works Number | Built | Wheel Arrangement | Notes | Image |
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34053 303 Squadron | BR | Battle of Britain | Brighton Works | 1947 | 4-6-2 | The locomotive arrived in September 2020 and is now permanently based at the Spa Valley Railway following an agreement between the line and its owners. Returned to the railway in July 2024 following completion of overhaul. [6] | ||
34072 257 Squadron | BR | Battle of Britain Class | Brighton Works | 1948 | 4-6-2 | Moved to Spa Valley Railway in late 2022 and will be based there for the foreseeable future. [7] Currently on hire to the Watercress Line until January 2025. | ||
80078 | BR | Standard Class 4MT | Brighton works | 1954 | 2-6-4T | Visiting for the Polar Express season, based at the Mid-Norfolk Railway. Owned by Stewart Robinson. | ||
2315 Lady Ingrid | South of Scotland Electricity Board | Andrew Barclay | 2315 | 1951 | 0-4-0 ST | Underwent overhaul in 2009. [8] Returned to service in 2024. Has been sold. | ||
828 | Caledonian Railway | 812 Class | St Rollox | 1899 | 0-6-0 | On long term hire since 2022. [9] |
Identity | Former operator | Class | Builder | Works Number | Built | Wheel Arrangement | Notes | Image |
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50 Sutton | LB&SCR | A1X 'Terrier' | Brighton Works | 1876 | 0-6-0 T | Undergoing overhaul since 2011. [10] | ||
47493 | LMS | 3F 'Jinty' | Vulcan Foundry | 4195 | 1927 | 0-6-0 T | Underwent overhaul 2014. [11] Originally numbered 16576, later 7493. Expected to return to steam by 2025. | |
68077 | LNER | J94 | Andrew Barclay | 2215 | 1947 | 0-6-0 ST | Stored. [12] | |
1589 Newstead | NCB | Hunslet | 1589 | 1929 | 0-6-0 ST | Undergoing overhaul. [13] | ||
No.57 Samson | Stewarts & Lloyds Ltd, Corby | 'Ugly' | RSH | 7668 | 1950 | 0-6-0 ST | Stored. [14] | |
No. 62 Ugly | Stewarts & Lloyds Ltd, Corby | 'Ugly' | RSH | 7673 | 1950 | 0-6-0 ST | On display since 2021 awaiting overhaul. [15] |
Identity | Class | Builder | Built | Livery | Notes | Image |
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08922 | Class 08 | 1962 | BR Railfreight Grey | The locomotive arrived in September 2023 on hire from the Great Central Railway (Nottingham). [16] | ||
31430 Sister Dora | British Rail Class 31 | Brush Traction | 1961 | BR Blue | Owned by Martin Staniforth. [17] | |
73140 | Class 73/1 | English Electric Vulcan Foundry | 1966 | BR Blue | Owned by the Class 73 Locomotive Group. | |
2591 Southerham | Drewry | Unlined Black | ||||
189C | Vanguard | Thomas Hill | Blue |
Identity | Class | Builder | Built | Livery | Notes | Image |
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09026 Cedric Wares | Class 09 | 1962 | BR Green | Currently undergoing overhaul. Was previously named William Pearson during its career at Brighton Lovers Walk TMD. | ||
15224 | Class 12 | Ashford Works | 1949 | BR Green | Stored. | |
33063 R. J. Mitchell [18] | Class 33/0 | BRCW | January 1962 | Railfreight Triple Grey | Owned by the South East Locomotive Group. Undergoing repaint. | |
33065 Sealion [19] | Class 33/0 | BRCW | January 1962 | BR Blue | Owned by the South East Locomotive Group. Undergoing overhaul. |
DMU s are diesel multiple units. EMUs are electric multiple units but these are only being used as static or hauled stock on this line.
Type | Identity | Origin | Class | Code | Notes | Photograph |
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EMU | 69306 | BR | Class 421 (4-BIG) | TRB | Used as a static cafe as Tunbridge Wells West station until 2019, now for sale. [20] | |
EMU | 12275 | BR | 6-PAN | TFK | Underframe only, converted to crane wagon. [21] | |
DEMU | 1317 | BR | Class 207 | 3D (currently operating as 2D) | In service. Formed of DMBSO 60142, TC 60616, DTSO 60909/60916. TC 60616, the unique centre car, is currently being internally restored. | |
DEMU | No. 1302 | BR | Class 207 | N/A | Built in 1962. In service until destroyed in a fire on 20 May 2016. Arrived from Swindon and Cricklade Railway in February 2024. | |
The Bluebell Railway is an 11 mi (17.7 km) heritage line in West Sussex in England. It is managed by the Bluebell Railway Preservation Society. It uses steam trains which operate between Sheffield Park and East Grinstead, with intermediate stations at Horsted Keynes and Kingscote.
The London, Brighton and South Coast Railway was a railway company in the United Kingdom from 1846 to 1922. Its territory formed a rough triangle, with London at its apex, practically the whole coastline of Sussex as its base, covering a large part of Surrey. It was bounded on its western side by the London and South Western Railway (L&SWR), which provided an alternative route to Portsmouth. On its eastern side the LB&SCR was bounded by the South Eastern Railway (SER)—later one component of the South Eastern and Chatham Railway (SE&CR)—which provided an alternative route to Bexhill, St Leonards-on-Sea, and Hastings. The LB&SCR had the most direct routes from London to the south coast seaside resorts of Brighton, Eastbourne, Worthing, Littlehampton and Bognor Regis, and to the ports of Newhaven and Shoreham-by-Sea. It served the inland towns and cities of Chichester, Horsham, East Grinstead and Lewes, and jointly served Croydon, Tunbridge Wells, Dorking and Guildford. At the London end was a complicated suburban and outer-suburban network of lines emanating from London Bridge and Victoria, and shared interests in two cross-London lines.
The Lavender Line is a heritage railway based at Isfield Station, near Uckfield in East Sussex, England.
The Oxted line is a railway line in southern England. It runs from the Brighton Main Line at South Croydon in Greater London to Hurst Green Junction in Surrey, where its two branches diverge. The western branch continues via Lingfield to East Grinstead in West Sussex, whereas the eastern branch runs via Edenbridge Town in Kent to Uckfield in East Sussex. The line is named after the town of Oxted in Surrey and also serves parts of the London Borough of Croydon. The 18-mile-26-chain (29.5 km) South Croydon–East Grinstead section is electrified using the 750 V DC third-rail system and is double track throughout. The unelectrified Hurst Green Junction–Uckfield section is 24 mi 53 ch (39.7 km) in length and, south of Hever, is mostly single track.
The East Coastway line is a railway line along the south coast of Sussex to the east of Brighton, England. Trains to the west of Brighton operate on the West Coastway line. Together with the West Coastway and the Marshlink line to the east, the line forms part of a continuous route from Havant to Ashford. The Brighton Main Line route to Eastbourne and Hastings, via Plumpton and Cooksbridge, shares the East Coastway line east of Lewes station.
Uckfield railway station is the southern terminus of a branch of the Oxted Line in England, serving the town of Uckfield, East Sussex. It is 46 miles 8 chains (74.2 km) from London Bridge.
Eridge railway station is on the Uckfield branch of the Oxted line in southern England and serves a rural district around Eridge in East Sussex. It is 35 miles 53 chains from London Bridge. The station is managed by Southern.
Hurst Green railway station is on the Oxted line in southern England and serves the Hurst Green neighbourhood of Oxted in Surrey. It is 21 miles 20 chains from London Bridge. The station is managed by Southern.
East Grinstead railway station is one of the two southern termini of the Oxted line in the south of England and serves East Grinstead in West Sussex. It is 30 miles 4 chains from London Bridge, although trains mostly run to and from London Victoria. The station is managed by Southern.
Groombridge is a village of about 1,600 people. It straddles the border between Kent and East Sussex, in England. The nearest large town is Royal Tunbridge Wells, about 4.5 miles (7.2 km) away by road.
Tunbridge Wells West is a railway station located in Royal Tunbridge Wells, Kent, England. It is one of two railway stations in Tunbridge Wells constructed by rival companies. The other, Tunbridge Wells Central was opened in 1845 by the South Eastern Railway (SER). Tunbridge Wells West was closed to mainline passenger services in 1985. A new station on part of the site has been opened as a heritage railway line opened in 1996. It stands next to the original engine shed which has been restored to use. The line is called the Spa Valley Railway.
Groombridge railway station is a station on the Spa Valley Railway (SVR) in Groombridge, East Sussex, England. Once a busy station serving four directions, it closed in 1985 to British Rail services. A new station the other side of Station Road bridge was opened by the SVR in 1997 as part of a standard gauge heritage railway to Tunbridge Wells West.
The Cuckoo Line is an informal name for the now defunct railway service which linked Polegate and Eridge in East Sussex, England, from 1880 to 1968. It was nicknamed the Cuckoo Line by drivers, from a tradition observed at the annual fair at Heathfield, a station on the route. At the fair, which was held each April, a lady would release a cuckoo from a basket, it being supposedly the 'first cuckoo of spring'. The railway line served the following Sussex communities: Polegate, Hailsham, Hellingly, Horam for Waldron, Heathfield, Mayfield, Rotherfield and Eridge. Services continued through Eridge and onward via Groombridge to Tunbridge Wells.
The Three Bridges–Tunbridge Wells line is a mostly disused railway line running from Three Bridges in West Sussex to Tunbridge Wells Central in Kent via East Grinstead in West Sussex, a distance of 20 miles 74 chains (33.7 km). Opened in 1855, the main section of the line was a casualty of the Beeching Axe – the last train ran on 1 January 1967. The remaining section to Tunbridge Wells closed on 6 July 1985, although the section between Groombridge and Tunbridge Wells West was reopened in 1997 under the auspices of the Spa Valley Railway.
The Wealden Line is a partly abandoned double track railway line in East Sussex and Kent that connected Lewes with Tunbridge Wells, a distance of 25.25 miles (40.64 km). The line takes its name from the Weald, the hilly landscape the lies between the North and South Downs.
St Leonards West Marina is a disused railway station in the Bopeep area of the borough of Hastings, East Sussex. Opened by the Brighton, Lewes and Hastings Railway in 1846, it was the first permanent station to serve the area and became part of a feud between two rival railway companies over access to nearby Hastings. Although not very convenient for local services, the station became an important goods rail-head and the location of a Motive Power Depot for steam locomotives working non electrified services, including those to London. The station was closed in 1967 and the buildings subsequently demolished, although in 2023 the down platform could still be seen.
The Surrey and Sussex Junction Railway (SSJR) was an abortive railway scheme to link Croydon to Tunbridge Wells, via Oxted. The company obtained powers to build the line, with the intention that it would be worked by the London Brighton and South Coast Railway (LB&SCR). The project was abandoned, before completion, in 1867. Much of the trackbed was used in the 1880s for the construction of the Oxted line.
Frederick Dale Banister MICE, was an English civil engineer, best known for his 35 years as the Chief Engineer of the London, Brighton and South Coast Railway (LB&SCR).
Thomas Harrison Myres FRIBA was an English railway architect who designed stations and ancillary buildings for the London, Brighton & South Coast Railway lines that were opened between 1880 and 1883, including several on what is now the Bluebell Railway. He was the son-in-law of the railway company's chief engineer, Frederick Banister. Although most of the lines for which Myres designed the buildings have been closed, many of his buildings survive as private residences. Several of the buildings designed by him are listed buildings, including the goods shed at Singleton in West Sussex which was declared Grade II in April 2013.
Tunbridge Wells West DEMU Depot was a traction maintenance depot located at Tunbridge Wells, Kent, England. It was made to serve Tunbridge Wells West and its connecting lines and is now the main depot and station of the Spa Valley Railway.