| Spilostethus pandurus | |
|---|---|
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| Spilostethus pandurus, upperside | |
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| Side view | |
Scientific classification  | |
| Domain: | Eukaryota |
| Kingdom: | Animalia |
| Phylum: | Arthropoda |
| Class: | Insecta |
| Order: | Hemiptera |
| Suborder: | Heteroptera |
| Family: | Lygaeidae |
| Genus: | Spilostethus |
| Species: | S. pandurus |
| Binomial name | |
| Spilostethus pandurus | |
| Synonyms | |
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Spilostethus pandurus is a species of "seed bugs" belonging to the family Lygaeidae, subfamily Lygaeinae.
The species was described in 1763 by Scopoli in his "Entomologica carniolica" with locus typicus from the area around Ljubljana. Scopoli does not mention the etymology of the species name but may have named it for the Panduri infantry unit of the Habsburg monarchy.
Subspecies include: [2]
This species can be found in the Euro-mediterranean-Turaniaan Region, with a more southern distribution than Spilostethus saxatilis .
It is present in Albania, Austria, Bulgaria, Croatia, Cyprus, Czech Republic, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Italy, Israel, Malta, Portugal, Romania, Russia, Serbia, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Switzerland, Turkey, Lebanon, in the Afrotropical realm. [3] and in the southern Asia to India and China.
Spilostethus pandurus can reach a length of 13–15 millimetres (0.51–0.59 in). Body shows a red-black coloration with a white spot in the center of the membrane.
Two wavy, broad, black, longitudinal stripes run from the front to the rear edge of the pronotum. Scutellum is black, sometimes with a small red spot at the end. [4] [5]
The nymphs are bright red, with black markings.
These bugs have two dorsolateral prothoracic glands capable of secreting substances repugnant to predators.
These polyphagous bugs feed on flowers and seeds of many plants. They preferentially feed on the plants of the family Apocynaceae. In Europe, they are present on various toxic plants such as jimsonweed ( Datura stramonium ) and oleander ( Nerium oleander ).
They can cause serious damage to the crops of Sesamum indicum (Pedaliaceae) and to Calotropis gigantea and Calotropis procera (Apocynaceae).
It can also attack sorghum crops ( Sorghum bicolor ), Eleusine coracana , Pennisetum americanum , Phaseolus mungo , Arachis hypogaea , Lycopersicon esculentum , tobacco, sunflowers etc. [6]
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Giovanni Antonio Scopoli was an Italian physician and naturalist. His biographer Otto Guglia named him the "first anational European" and the "Linnaeus of the Austrian Empire".
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Sesleria is a genus of perennial plants in the grass family. They are native to Eurasia and North Africa. They are found in Albania, Austria, Baleares, Baltic States, Belarus, Belgium, Bulgaria, Corsica, Czechoslovakia, East Aegean Islands, Finland, France, Germany, Great Britain, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Iran, Ireland, Italy, Crete, Crimea, Lebanon, Morocco, North Caucasus, Poland, Romania, Sardina, Sicilia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Syria, Transcaucasus, Turkey, Ukraine and Yugoslavia.
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Aethes flagellana is a species of moth of the family Tortricidae. It is found on Corsica, Sardinia, Sicily and Crete and in the Netherlands, France, Spain, Italy, Germany, Austria, Switzerland, the Czech Republic, Slovakia, Slovenia, Poland, Albania, Hungary, Bulgaria, Romania, North Macedonia, Greece, Lithuania, Ukraine, Russia and Asia Minor, Lebanon, Iran and the Kopet Dagh mountains.
Pleurota pyropella is a moth of the family Oecophoridae. It is found in Portugal, France, Germany, Italy, Austria, Switzerland, the Czech Republic, Slovakia, Albania, Croatia, Slovenia, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Serbia, Hungary, Bulgaria, Romania, North Macedonia, Greece, Turkey, Ukraine, Russia, as well as on Corsica, Sicily, Cyprus and Crete. Outside of the Europe, the range extends to the eastern Palearctic. The species is also present in the Near East and North Africa.
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Malva cretica is a species of flowering plant in the family Malvaceae, native to Tunisia, Sardinia, Corsica, Sicily, Italy, Albania, Greece, the eastern Aegean Islands, Crete, Cyprus, and Turkey, and introduced to France. There may be a subspecies, Malva cretica subsp. althaeoides, present in Spain.
Pollenia amentaria is a species of cluster fly in the family Polleniidae.
Anthrenus pimpinellae complex is a group of closely related species from subgenus Anthrenus. Most species that currently belong to the group were previously assigned as subspecies of Anthrenus pimpinellae.
