| Spilostethus pandurus | |
|---|---|
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| Spilostethus pandurus, upperside | |
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| Side view | |
Scientific classification  | |
| Domain: | Eukaryota |
| Kingdom: | Animalia |
| Phylum: | Arthropoda |
| Class: | Insecta |
| Order: | Hemiptera |
| Suborder: | Heteroptera |
| Family: | Lygaeidae |
| Genus: | Spilostethus |
| Species: | S. pandurus |
| Binomial name | |
| Spilostethus pandurus | |
| Synonyms | |
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Spilostethus pandurus is a species of "seed bugs" belonging to the family Lygaeidae, subfamily Lygaeinae.
The species was described in 1763 by Scopoli in his "Entomologica carniolica" with locus typicus from the area around Ljubljana. Scopoli does not mention the etymology of the species name but may have named it for the Panduri infantry unit of the Habsburg monarchy.
Subspecies include: [2]
This species can be found in the Euro-mediterranean-Turaniaan Region, with a more southern distribution than Spilostethus saxatilis .
It is present in Albania, Austria, Bulgaria, Croatia, Cyprus, Czech Republic, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Italy, Israel, Malta, Portugal, Romania, Russia, Serbia, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Switzerland, Turkey, Lebanon, in the Afrotropical realm. [3] and in the southern Asia to India and China.
Spilostethus pandurus can reach a length of 13–15 millimetres (0.51–0.59 in). Body shows a red-black coloration with a white spot in the center of the membrane.
Two wavy, broad, black, longitudinal stripes run from the front to the rear edge of the pronotum. Scutellum is black, sometimes with a small red spot at the end. [4] [5]
The nymphs are bright red, with black markings.
These bugs have two dorsolateral prothoracic glands capable of secreting substances repugnant to predators.
These polyphagous bugs feed on flowers and seeds of many plants. They preferentially feed on the plants of the family Apocynaceae. In Europe, they are present on various toxic plants such as jimsonweed ( Datura stramonium ) and oleander ( Nerium oleander ).
They can cause serious damage to the crops of Sesamum indicum (Pedaliaceae) and to Calotropis gigantea and Calotropis procera (Apocynaceae).
It can also attack sorghum crops ( Sorghum bicolor ), Eleusine coracana , Pennisetum americanum , Phaseolus mungo , Arachis hypogaea , Lycopersicon esculentum , tobacco, sunflowers etc. [6]
The genus Ophrys is a large group of orchids from the alliance Orchis in the subtribe Orchidinae. They are widespread across much of Europe, North Africa, Caucasus, the Canary Islands, and the Middle East as far east as Turkmenistan.
Giovanni Antonio Scopoli was an Italian physician and naturalist. His biographer Otto Guglia named him the "first anational European" and the "Linnaeus of the Austrian Empire".
Anthemis arvensis, also known as corn chamomile, mayweed, scentless chamomile, or field chamomile is a species of flowering plant in the genus Anthemis, in the aster family. It is used as an ornamental plant.
Senecio leucanthemifolius is a plant common in sea-side in Mediterranean area.
Chlaenius spoliatus is a species of ground beetle native to the Palearctic, the Near East, and North Africa. In Europe, it is found in Albania, Austria, the Balearic Islands, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Bulgaria, the Canary Islands, Corsica, Crete, Croatia, the Czech Republic, European Turkey, mainland France, mainland Greece, Hungary, mainland Italy, Moldova, North Macedonia, Poland, Romania, central and southern Russia, Sardinia, Sicily, Slovakia, Slovenia, mainland Spain, Ukraine, Yugoslavia.
Chlaenius festivus is a species of ground beetle native to the Palearctic and the Near East. In Europe, it is found in Albania, Austria, the Balearic Islands (doubtful), Bosnia and Herzegovina, Bulgaria, Crete, Croatia, the Cyclades Islands, Cyprus, the Czech Republic, the Dodecanese Islands, European Turkey, mainland France, mainland Greece, Hungary, mainland Italy, Malta (doubtful), Moldova, North Macedonia, Poland, Romania, southern Russia, Slovakia, Slovenia, mainland Spain (doubtful), Ukraine, and Yugoslavia.
Diachromus germanus is a species of ground beetle and the only species of the monotypic genus Diachromus.
Hydroporus pubescens is a species of water beetle native to the Palearctic and the Near East. In Europe, it is only found in Albania, Austria, the Balearic Islands, Belgium, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Bulgaria, the Channel Islands, Corsica, Crete, Croatia, Cyprus, the Czech Republic, mainland Denmark, the Dodecanese, Estonia, European Turkey, the Faroe Islands, Finland, mainland France, Germany, Great Britain including the Isle of Man, mainland Greece, the Republic of Ireland, mainland Italy, Kaliningrad, Latvia, Luxembourg, Northern Ireland, North Macedonia, mainland Norway, Poland, mainland Portugal, Russia, Sardinia, Sicily, Slovakia, Slovenia, mainland Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, the Netherlands, Ukraine and Yugoslavia.
Colymbetes fuscus is a species of beetle native to the Palearctic, including Europe, the Near East and North Africa. In Europe, it is only found in Austria, the Balearic Islands, Belarus, Belgium, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Great Britain including Shetland, Orkney, Hebrides and Isle of Man, Bulgaria, the Channel Islands, Corsica, Croatia, Cyprus, the Czech Republic, mainland Denmark, Estonia, European Turkey, Finland, mainland France, Germany, mainland Greece, Hungary, the Republic of Ireland, mainland Italy, Kaliningrad, Latvia, Liechtenstein, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Northern Ireland, North Macedonia, mainland Norway, Poland, mainland Portugal, Russia except in the North, Sardinia, Sicily, Slovakia, Slovenia, mainland Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, the Netherlands, Ukraine and Yugoslavia.
Sesleria is a genus of perennial plants in the grass family. They are native to Eurasia and North Africa. They are found in Albania, Austria, Baleares, Baltic States, Belarus, Belgium, Bulgaria, Corsica, Czechoslovakia, East Aegean Islands, Finland, France, Germany, Great Britain, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Iran, Ireland, Italy, Crete, Crimea, Lebanon, Morocco, North Caucasus, Poland, Romania, Sardina, Sicilia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Syria, Transcaucasus, Turkey, Ukraine and Yugoslavia.
Canthophorus dubius is a species of burrowing bugs or negro bugs belonging to the family Cydnidae, subfamily Sehirinae.
Spilostethus saxatilis is a species of bugs belonging to the family Lygaeidae, subfamily Lygaeinae.
Apatema mediopallidum is a moth of the family Autostichidae. It is found on Corsica, Sardinia, Sicily, Malta, Crete, Cyprus and in Portugal, Spain, France, Italy, Austria, Hungary, Albania, the Czech Republic, Romania, Bulgaria, North Macedonia, Greece, Turkey and on the Canary Islands.
Aethes flagellana is a species of moth of the family Tortricidae. It is found on Corsica, Sardinia, Sicily and Crete and in the Netherlands, France, Spain, Italy, Germany, Austria, Switzerland, the Czech Republic, Slovakia, Slovenia, Poland, Albania, Hungary, Bulgaria, Romania, North Macedonia, Greece, Lithuania, Ukraine, Russia and Asia Minor, Lebanon, Iran and the Kopet Dagh mountains.
Pleurota pyropella is a moth of the family Oecophoridae. It is found in Portugal, France, Germany, Italy, Austria, Switzerland, the Czech Republic, Slovakia, Albania, Croatia, Slovenia, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Serbia, Hungary, Bulgaria, Romania, North Macedonia, Greece, Turkey, Ukraine, Russia, as well as on Corsica, Sicily, Cyprus and Crete. Outside of the Europe, the range extends to the eastern Palearctic. The species is also present in the Near East and North Africa.
Caenocoris nerii, common name oleander seedbug, is a species of ground bugs in the insect family Lygaeidae.
Spilostethus rivularis, the rivulet milkweed bug, is a species of bug belonging to the family Lygaeidae sensu stricto, and subfamily Lygaeinae. It is widely distributed in Africa, where it is found commonly in grassland, savannah grassland or croplands.
Malva cretica is a species of flowering plant in the family Malvaceae, native to Tunisia, Sardinia, Corsica, Sicily, Italy, Albania, Greece, the eastern Aegean Islands, Crete, Cyprus, and Turkey, and introduced to France. There may be a subspecies, Malva cretica subsp. althaeoides, present in Spain.
Pollenia amentaria is a species of cluster fly in the family Polleniidae.
