Spirogyra | |
---|---|
Spirogyra with its characteristic helically arranged chloroplasts | |
Scientific classification | |
(unranked): | Viridiplantae |
(unranked): | Charophyta |
Class: | Zygnematophyceae |
Order: | Zygnematales |
Family: | Zygnemataceae |
Genus: | Spirogyra Link in C. G. Nees, 1820 |
Type species | |
Spirogyra porticalis (O. F. Müller) Dumortier | |
Species | |
Over 400; see text | |
Synonyms | |
Spirogyra (common names include water silk, mermaid's tresses, and blanket weed) is a genus of filamentous charophyte green algae of the order Zygnematales, named for the helical or spiral arrangement of the chloroplasts that is characteristic of the genus. Spirogyra species, of which there are more than 400, are commonly found in freshwater habitats. [3] Spirogyra measures approximately 10 to 100 micrometres in width and may grow to several centimetres in length. It is often observed as green slimy patches on the ground near ponds and other water bodies having stagnant water.
Spirogyra is very common in relatively clear eutrophic water, developing slimy filamentous green masses. In spring Spirogyra grows under water, but when there is enough sunlight and warmth they produce large amounts of oxygen, adhering as bubbles between the tangled filaments. The filamentous masses come to the surface and become visible as slimy green mats. Spirogyra has a cell wall, nucleus, pyrenoid, and spiral chloroplasts.
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Spirogyra can reproduce both sexually and asexually. [4] In vegetative reproduction, fragmentation takes place, and Spirogyra simply undergoes intercalary cell division to extend the length of the new filaments.
Sexual reproduction is of two types:
The essential difference is that scalariform conjugation occurs between two filaments and lateral conjugation occurs between two adjacent cells on the same filament.
The following species are currently accepted: [5]
American jazz fusion band Spyro Gyra was named after this genus of algae.
It is also the subject of the Brazilian Samba rock song "Spirogyra story" by Jorge Ben. [6]
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