This glossary of ichthyology is a list of definitions of terms and concepts used in ichthyology, the study of fishes.
Squalius is a genus of fish in the family Cyprinidae found in Europe and Asia. Hybridization is not rare in the Cyprinidae, including this genus. S. alburnoides is known to be of ancient hybrid origin, with the paternal lineage deriving from a prehistoric species related to Anaecypris; the latter mated with ancestral S. pyrenaicus. Present-day S. alburnoides mates with sympatric congeners of other species.
Squalius carolitertii is a species of fresh-water fish in the family Cyprinidae. It is found in Portugal and Spain, and known there as the bordallo, escalo or gallego.
Sternarchogiton preto is a species of weakly electric knifefish in the family Apteronotidae. It is native to large river channels and major side branches in the Amazon Basin, and is common in the Tefé River and the Rio Solimões to a depth of 14 m (46 ft). It is found in both whitewater and blackwater habitats. The species name preto comes from the Portuguese word for "black", referring to its coloration.
Luciobarbus is a genus of ray-finned fishes in the family Cyprinidae. Its members are found in fresh and brackish waters of southern Europe, northern Africa, the wider Near East, the Aral and Caspian Seas, and rivers associated with these. Several species in the genus are threatened. Most species are fairly small to medium-sized cyprinids, but the genus also includes several members that can surpass 1 m (3.3 ft) in length and the largest, the mangar can reach 2.3 m (7.5 ft).
The headwater chub is a species of fish in the family Cyprinidae. It is found in Arizona and New Mexico.
The redlip shiner is a North American species of freshwater cyprinid fish. This shiner can be found in a few streams located in North Carolina, South Carolina, and Virginia. It inhabits rocky pools of clear headwaters, creeks and small rivers. Adults range in length from 40 to 55 mm.
Enteromius ablabes is a species of ray-finned fish in the genus Enteromius. It occurs in West Africa from the Sahel to the coast between Guinea and Nigeria, south to the central Congo Basin. The relationship of E. ablabes to other Enteromius is uncertain. Tsigenopoulos et al. (2002) found it to be sister to E. macrops. Yang et al. (2015) using the same sequence found it to be sister to E. anema, and Hayes et al. (2017) found the Tsigenopoulos et al. specimen to be sister to E. anema + E. cf. guildi and newly sequenced specimens from Guinea to be sister to be in a clade with a specimen of E. punctitaeniatusand that clade sister to E. bigornei and E. foutensis. The Tsigenopoulos et al. specimen is from Ivory Coast, but a catalog number is not provided to check identity. Enteromius punctiteniatus is a species very similar in appearance to E. ablabes, differing by having 9 circumpeduncular scales vs. 12. Enteromius ablabes is likely polymorphic with one species already described from within it. This description conforms to the current hypothesis on the identity of E. ablabes; however, the species will need to be examined in greater detail to determine if there are multiple species present.
Iberochondrostoma olisiponensis, the Lisbon arched-mouth nase, is a freshwater fish discovered in 2007 in the lower Rio Tejo basin, Portugal.
The pallid shiner is a small freshwater minnow in the family Cyprinidae. Its synonym is Notropis amnis. They are native to North America and can be found in the Mississippi watershed. The pallid shiner is considered a rare fish in its northern distribution but not in its southern distribution. The pallid shiner was first discovered in the early 1900s in the St. Croix river north of Taylor Falls, and its population has been declining since. Little is known about their feeding and reproductive habits.
Gobio gobio, or the gudgeon, is a species of fish in the family Cyprinidae. This small fish is widely distributed in fresh-water streams and lakes across central and temperate Eurasia.
Squalius janae, commonly known as the Istrian chub, is a species of freshwater fish in the carp family Cyprinidae. It was first described in 2010 from the Dragonja River drainage in Slovenia. Since then they have also been found in the Boljunčica and Pazinčica river drainages in Istria, Croatia.
Squalius squalus, commonly known as the Italian chub, or the Chubius Chub or Cavedano, is a species of freshwater fish in the carp family Cyprinidae. It is native to southeastern Europe being found in Italy, Switzerland and the former Yugoslavia.
Wallagonia leerii, also known as the Great Tapah, helicopter catfish, and formerly the striped wallago catfish is a species of catfish native to Southeast Asia. Its habitat ranges from the river drainages of Thailand through the Malayan peninsula to the islands of Sumatra and Borneo in Indonesia. It can grow up to 2 m in length and weigh up to 150 kg (330 lb). It has been used as food in Southeast Asia since ancient times. Overfishing for its prized meat has caused the population to significantly decrease. Furthermore, the breeding migration pattern of this fish is especially vulnerable to damming, which has also decreased the wild population significantly.
Squalius malacitanus, commonly known as the Málaga chub, is a species of freshwater fish in the carp family Cyprinidae. It was first isolated from the Guadalmina River in Málaga, hence its name. It is considered a vulnerable species. S. malacitanus differs from its cogenerate species by having 7–8 branched rays in its dorsal fin, 8 branched rays in the anal lateral line; the number of scale rows above its lateral line; possessing 3 scale rows below its lateral line; 38 vertebrae, 21 abdominal, and 17 caudal; large fourth and fifth infraorbital bones; maxilla without a pointed anterior process; the middle of its frontal bone being narrow, as well as its neurocranium bone; the lower branch of its pharyngeal bone is rather long; and the shortness of the inferior lamina of its urohyal bone.
Astyanax microschemos is a species of characid fish from Brazil. It belongs to the A. scabripinnis species complex and differs from other species outside it by having a lower number of branched anal fin rays and its shallow body depth being about 26.9-29.7 vs more than 35% of its standard length (SL). Compared to species of its own complex, it can be distinguished by the combination of its shallow body depth, and smaller interorbital width. The species name comes from the Greek mikroschemos, meaning "low stature", which refers to the shallow body depth of the animal.
Deuterodon pelecus is a species of characid fish from Brazil. It can be distinguished from other species by: its body depth ; its short and pointed snout smaller than the orbital diameter; and a reduced number of branched anal fin rays. D. pelecus also differs from members of its genus by its characteristic color pattern. It possesses a single humeral spot that is constricted to the region above the lateral line; at the same time it shows a conspicuous midlateral body stripe from opercle to the caudal fin base, an autapomorphy of this precise species. Other Deuterodon species have a humeral spot that is vertically or horizontally elongate and have the midlateral stripe becoming faint near that humeral spot. The species name is derived from the Greek pelekus, meaning "axe", referring to the pigmentation shape resulting from the adjoinment of the humeral spot with the midlateral stripe.
The Zacapu shiner is a small North American freshwater fish, where it is known only from the Zacapu Lagoon and its outlet in Michoacán, Mexico.
Capoeta razii, is a newly described species of freshwater cyprinid fish occurring mainly in southern Caspian Sea basin, Iran. This species was mistakenly reported by many authors as Capoeta gracilis in northern Iranian regions. It was first reported to be different from Capoeta gracilis by Levin et al. (2012).
Warilochromis is an extinct genus of predatory cichlid fish known from the Late Miocene Ngorora Formation of Kenya. It represents one of the oldest known members of the tribe Haplochromini, and only the species Warilochromis unicuspidatusis currently recognized.
