Stephen Jackson (biologist)

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Sir
Stephen Jackson
Stephen (Steve) Jackson - 26837860422.jpg
Born
Stephen Philip Jackson

(1962-07-17) 17 July 1962 (age 62)
Nottingham, England
Alma mater University of Leeds (BSc)
Imperial College London (PhD)
University of Edinburgh (PhD)
Known forUnderstanding cellular responses to DNA damage and their relevance to cancer
Awards EMBO member (1997)
Fellow of the Royal Society (2008)
FMedSci (2001)
Buchanan Medal (2011)
King Faisal International Prize (2016)
Dr. A.H. Heineken Prize for Medicine (2016)
Leopold Griffuel Prize (2019)
Scientific career
Fields Cancer
DNA repair
Cell biology
Molecular biology
Institutions University of Cambridge
University of California, Berkeley
University of Edinburgh
Thesis Cloning and characterisation of the RNA8 gene of Saccharomyces cerevisiae  (1987)
Doctoral advisor Jean Beggs
Website www.cruk.cam.ac.uk/research-groups/jackson-group
www.stevejacksonlab.org

Sir Stephen Philip Jackson, FRS, FMedSci (born 17 July 1962) is the Frederick James Quick Professor of Biology. He is a senior group leader at the Cancer Research UK Cambridge Institute and associate group leader at the Gurdon Institute, University of Cambridge.

Contents

Education

Jackson was educated at the University of Leeds, graduating with a Bachelor of Science degree in biochemistry in 1983. [1] He then carried out his PhD research working with Jean Beggs on yeast RNA splicing at Imperial College London and Edinburgh University, earning his PhD in 1987. [2]

Research

Following his PhD, Jackson carried out postdoctoral research with Robert Tjian at the University of California, Berkeley, where he developed an interest in the regulation of transcription. He returned to the UK in 1991 as a Junior Group Leader at the then Wellcome-CRC Institute, now the Gurdon Institute.

Jackson's work has provided key insights into cellular processes that respond to DNA damage; processes fundamental to life and whose defects cause various diseases particularly cancer. [3] Through his discovery that the DNA-dependent protein kinase (DNA-PK) enzyme is activated by DNA double-strand breaks (DSBs), [4] Jackson's laboratory identified and characterised various components of the non-homologous end joining (NHEJ) system that repairs most DSBs in human cells. These studies also provided a paradigm for Jackson's later work on DNA-damage signalling by the ATM serine/threonine kinase and ATR (Ataxia telangiectasia and Rad3 related), [5] and his studies on how these and additional DNA repair factors interact with and influence one another, often in ways regulated by post-translational modifications. [6] Jackson's work has also helped establish how DSB repair is controlled during the cell cycle, at telomeres in response to cell aging/senescence, and within chromatin. [5] [6] [7]

In 1997 Jackson founded KuDOS Pharmaceuticals with the aim of translating knowledge of DNA damage response pathways into new treatments for cancer. [8] KuDOS developed small-molecule inhibitors of several DNA damage response enzymes. The most advanced of these is the poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase 1 (PARP1) inhibitor Olaparib/Lynparza™, which is now a registered medicine worldwide. [9] [10] KuDOS developed into a fully integrated drug-discovery and drug-development company and was acquired by AstraZeneca in 2005. [11]

In 2011 Jackson founded MISSION Therapeutics [12] [13] a firm to develop drugs to improve the management of life-threatening diseases, particularly cancer. In 2017, he founded Adrestia Therapeutics Ltd [14] and currently serves as Chief Scientific Officer.

Paper retractions

In 2018, Jackson's former postdoctoral scholar, Abderrahmane Kaidi, then working at the University of Bristol was found guilty of research fraud. [15] [16] Kaidi additionally confessed that he had made false data in two of his research papers published with Jackson. [17] Bristol conveyed the matter to the University of Cambridge which took up an investigation. [18]

On 19 August 2018, Cambridge and Jackson informed Science that the paper published in 2010 [19] was investigated for research misconduct. The journal issued an expression of concern over the article the next month. [20] Cambridge made its final decision in April 2019 that the paper in Science and another in Nature (in 2013 [21] ) contain fabricated data that were done by Kaidi. [22] Jackson was not involved in the misdeed. [23] The two journals simultaneously retracted the papers on 11 April 2019. [22] [24] [25]

Honours and awards

Jackson has received numerous awards, medals and honorary degrees: the inaugural Eppendorf-Nature European Young Investigator Award (1995); [26] the Tenovus Medal for Cancer Research (1997); [27] the Colworth Medal (1997); the Anthony Dipple Carcinogenesis Young Investigator award (2002); [28] the Biochemical Society GlaxoSmithKline Award (2008); [29] the BBSRC Innovator of the Year Award (2009); [30] the Royal Society Buchanan Medal (2011), [31] the latter in recognition of his "outstanding contributions to understanding DNA repair and DNA damage response signalling pathways", and the Gagna A. & Ch. Van Heck Prize (2015) for "his cardinal contributions related to cellular events that detect, signal the presence of and repair DNA damages". [32]

Jackson is the co-winner of the King Faisal International Prize for Science 2016, in recognition of his "outstanding contribution to defining the link between the basic mechanism of genomic DNA instability and its relationship to cancer. Specifically, he unraveled the salient components of the pathway involved in DNA repair. He is also credited with an innovative approach to bring his findings into tangible therapeutic products to treat cancer". [33] He was elected a member of the European Molecular Biology Organization (EMBO) in 1997, a Fellow of the Academy of Medical Sciences in 2001 [34] and a Fellow of the Royal Society in 2008. [35]

In 2016, Jackson was awarded the Dr A. H. Heineken Prize for Medicine [36] for his "fundamental research into DNA repair in human cells and for the successful application of knowledge of that process in the development of new cancer drugs". [37] In 2017 he was awarded the Genome Stability Network medal for his contributions to the field of genome stability and particularly for the realisation of the therapeutic potential of targeting the DDR. [38]

The Fondation ARC's Leopold Griffuel Prize in Translational and Clinical Research was presented to Jackson in 2019 for his work on DNA damage repair and his role in the development of medicines such as PARP1 and 2 inhibitors, currently used for cancer treatment. [39] [40] In 2020, he was awarded the Royal Society's Mullard Award for his research on DNA repair mechanisms and synthetic lethality that led to the discovery of olaparib which has reached blockbuster status for the treatment of ovarian and breast cancers. [41]

In 2022, Jackson was awarded the Johann Anton Merck Award, which is given for outstanding scientific preclinical research accomplishments in the areas of Merck Healthcare‘s strategic focus. [42] Cancer Research UK honoured Steve with Cancer Research Horizon's Entrepreneurship Recognition Award in recognition of his longstanding academic entrepreneurship and his outstanding contributions that have enhanced the field of oncology. [43]

Jackson was knighted in the 2023 Birthday Honours for services to innovation and research. [44]

Related Research Articles

In academic publishing, a retraction is a mechanism by which a published paper in an academic journal is flagged for being seriously flawed to the extent that their results and conclusions can no longer be relied upon. Retracted articles are not removed from the published literature but marked as retracted. In some cases it may be necessary to remove an article from publication, such as when the article is clearly defamatory, violates personal privacy, is the subject of a court order, or might pose a serious health risk to the general public.

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The Leopold Griffuel Prize for translational and clinical research is sponsored by the French ARC Foundation for Cancer Research.

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Checkpoint kinase 1, commonly referred to as Chk1, is a serine/threonine-specific protein kinase that, in humans, is encoded by the CHEK1 gene. Chk1 coordinates the DNA damage response (DDR) and cell cycle checkpoint response. Activation of Chk1 results in the initiation of cell cycle checkpoints, cell cycle arrest, DNA repair and cell death to prevent damaged cells from progressing through the cell cycle.

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Abderrahmane Kaidi is a biologist whose research focused on cancer and DNA damage. He is best known for committing research fraud that led to his resignation as a lecturer at the University of Bristol. In 2018, he was investigated by the university for alleged misconducts in behaviour and research issues. He was found guilty of faking research, which he admitted as a mean to impress other scientists for collaboration and were not for publication.

References

  1. ↑ ‘JACKSON, Prof. Stephen Philip’ Who's Who 2014, A & C Black, an imprint of Bloomsbury Publishing plc, 2014; online edn, Oxford University Press, 2013
  2. ↑ Jackson, Stephen Phillip (1987). "Cloning and characterisation of the RNA8 gene of Saccharomyces cerevisiae" (PhD thesis). University of Edinburgh.
  3. ↑ Jackson, SP (2009). "The DNA-damage response in human biology and disease". Nature. 461 (7267): 1071–1078. Bibcode:2009Natur.461.1071J. doi:10.1038/nature08467. PMC   2906700 . PMID   19847258.
  4. ↑ Gottlieb TM, Jackson SP (1993). "The DNA-dependent protein kinase: requirement for DNA ends and association with Ku antigen". Cell. 72 (1): 131–142. doi:10.1016/0092-8674(93)90057-W. PMID   8422676. S2CID   205020792.
  5. 1 2 Blackford AN, Jackson SP (2017). "ATM, ATR, and DNA-PK: The Trinity at the Heart of the DNA Damage Response". Molecular Cell. 66 (6): 801–817. doi: 10.1016/j.molcel.2017.05.015 . PMID   28622525.
  6. 1 2 Polo SE, Jackson SP (2011). "Dynamics of DNA damage response proteins at DNA breaks: a focus on protein modifications". Genes & Development. 25 (5): 409–433. doi:10.1101/gad.2021311. PMC   3049283 . PMID   21363960.
  7. ↑ D'Adda di Fagagna F, Teo SW, Jackson SP (2004). "Functional links between telomeres and proteins of the DNA-damage response". Genes & Development. 18 (15): 1781–1799. doi: 10.1101/gad.1214504 . PMID   15289453.
  8. ↑ "PARP inhibitors: Halting cancer by halting DNA repair". Cancer Research UK. 24 September 2020.
  9. ↑ "LYNPARZA™ approved by the US Food and Drug administration" (press release). AstraZeneca. 19 December 2014.
  10. ↑ "EPAR Medicine Overview". European Medicines Agency. 9 January 2015.
  11. ↑ "Acquisition Of KuDOS Pharmaceuticals Will Enhance AstraZeneca's Ability To Generate Novel Cancer Treatments" (press release). AstraZeneca. 23 December 2005.
  12. ↑ "Management". Mission Therapeutics.
  13. ↑ "Steve Jackson". Steve Jackson Laboratory. 7 August 2024.
  14. ↑ "Adrestia Therapeutics". Adrestia Therapeutics.
  15. ↑ "Bristol lecturer resigns over fabricated research". BBC News. 13 September 2018. Retrieved 18 September 2023.
  16. ↑ Yong, Michael (14 September 2018). "Bristol Uni lecturer resigns after faking research". BristolLive. Retrieved 18 September 2023.
  17. ↑ Mayo, Nick (12 April 2019). "Articles pulled after data fabrication in Cambridge DNA lab". Times Higher Education. Retrieved 18 September 2023.
  18. ↑ Yong, Michael (14 September 2018). "Bristol Uni lecturer resigns after faking research". BristolLive. Retrieved 18 September 2023.
  19. ↑ Kaidi, Abderrahmane; Weinert, Brian T.; Choudhary, Chunaram; Jackson, Stephen P. (10 September 2010). "RETRACTED: Human SIRT6 promotes DNA end resection through CtIP deacetylation". Science. 329 (5997): 1348–1353. Bibcode:2010Sci...329.1348K. doi:10.1126/science.1192049. ISSN   1095-9203. PMC   3276839 . PMID   20829486. (Retracted, see doi:10.1126/science.aax4558, PMID   30975768,  Retraction Watch)
  20. ↑ Berg, Jeremy (28 September 2018). "Editorial expression of concern". Science. 361 (6409): 1322. Bibcode:2018Sci...361.1322B. doi:10.1126/science.aav4528. ISSN   1095-9203. PMID   30262489.
  21. ↑ Kaidi, Abderrahmane; Jackson, Stephen P. (6 June 2013). "KAT5 tyrosine phosphorylation couples chromatin sensing to ATM signalling". Nature. 498 (7452): 70–74. Bibcode:2013Natur.498...70K. doi:10.1038/nature12201. PMC   3859897 . PMID   23708966. (Retracted, see doi:10.1038/s41586-019-1142-2, PMID   30976101,  Retraction Watch)
  22. 1 2 Else, Holly (15 April 2019). "Top journals retract DNA-repair studies after misconduct probe". Nature. doi:10.1038/d41586-019-00406-4. PMID   32284556.
  23. ↑ "Two Retractions". Genome Web. 17 April 2019. Retrieved 20 September 2023.
  24. ↑ Kaidi, Abderrahmane; Weinert, Brian T.; Choudhary, Chunaram; Jackson, Stephen P. (19 April 2019). "Retraction [Human SIRT6 promotes DNA end resection through CtIP deacetylation]". Science. 364 (6437): 247. doi:10.1126/science.aax4558. ISSN   1095-9203. PMC   6558281 . PMID   30975768.
  25. ↑ Kaidi, Abderrahmane; Jackson, Stephen P. (11 April 2019). "Retraction Note: KAT5 tyrosine phosphorylation couples chromatin sensing to ATM signalling". Nature. 568 (7753): 576. Bibcode:2019Natur.568..576K. doi:10.1038/s41586-019-1142-2. ISSN   1476-4687. PMC   6554193 . PMID   30976101.
  26. ↑ "European Award - Eppendorf Corporate". corporate.eppendorf.com.
  27. ↑ "University of Glasgow - Colleges - College of Medical, Veterinary & Life Sciences - Tenovus - Previous Medal Winners".
  28. ↑ Jackson, S. P. (2002). "Sensing and repairing DNA double-strand breaks". Carcinogenesis. 23 (5): 687–696. doi: 10.1093/carcin/23.5.687 . PMID   12016139.
  29. ↑ "Biochemical Society Transactions | Portland Press".
  30. ↑ Innovator of the Year
  31. ↑ "Buchanan Medal | Royal Society". royalsociety.org.
  32. ↑ Thomas, Glynn (18 November 2015). "Gagna A. & Ch. Van Heck Prize awarded to Professor Steve Jackson". For staff.
  33. ↑ "20.01.16 Steve Jackson wins 2016 King Faisal International Prize". www.gurdon.cam.ac.uk. 20 January 2016.
  34. ↑ "The Academy of Medical Sciences | Directory of Fellows".
  35. ↑ "Jackson; Stephen Philip". The Royal Society. Retrieved 24 August 2014.
  36. ↑ "Heineken Prizes - Stephen Jackson". Royal Netherlands Academy of Arts and Sciences. Retrieved 10 May 2016.
  37. ↑ "10.05.16 Steve Jackson wins the 2016 Dr A.H. Heineken Prize for Medicine". www.gurdon.cam.ac.uk. 9 May 2016.
  38. ↑ "News & Events". www.genomestabilitynetwork.org.uk.
  39. ↑ "11.02.19 Steve Jackson to receive the ARC Foundation's Léopold Griffuel Award". www.gurdon.cam.ac.uk. 11 February 2019.
  40. ↑ "47e Prix Fondation ARC Léopold Griffuel | Fondation ARC pour la recherche sur le cancer". www.fondation-arc.org.
  41. ↑ "Steve Jackson 2020 recipient of the Royal Society Mullard Award". Steve Jackson Laboratory. 4 August 2020.
  42. ↑ "2022 Johann Anton Merck Award". Merck Group. 14 July 2022.
  43. ↑ "Innovation and Entrepreneurship Awards 2022". Cancer Research Horizons. 9 December 2022.
  44. ↑ "No. 64082". The London Gazette (Supplement). 17 June 2023. p. B2.
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