Strophostyles

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Strophostyles
Strophostyles helvola.jpg
Scientific classification OOjs UI icon edit-ltr.svg
Kingdom: Plantae
Clade: Tracheophytes
Clade: Angiosperms
Clade: Eudicots
Clade: Rosids
Order: Fabales
Family: Fabaceae
Subfamily: Faboideae
Tribe: Phaseoleae
Subtribe: Phaseolinae
Genus: Strophostyles
Elliott, 1823
Species [1] [2]
Synonyms
  • PhasellusMedik., 1787
  • Phaseolus sect. Strophostyles(Elliott) DC., 1825
  • Phaseolus sect. Strophostyles(Elliott) DC. subsect. Lobatifolii DC.,1825
  • Phaseolus sect. Strophostyles(Elliott) DC. subsect. Integrifolii DC.,1825
  • Phaseolus sect. Strophostyles(Elliott) DC. emend. Benth., 1837

Strophostyles is monophyletic three-species genus of flowering plants in the family Fabaceae, subfamily Faboideae. [3] [4] Common names for the genus include wild bean and fuzzybean (due to their pubescent pods and seed coverings). [4] [5] It consists of annual and perennial herbaceous vines, ranging in their native distribution from Nevada, east to Florida, and north to the Great Lakes and eastern Canada. [5] The etymology of the name is strophe (turning) + stylos (style), referring to the curve of the style within the keel petal. [6]

Contents

Distinctive traits

Strophostyles is the only genus within subtribe Phaseolinae (e.g., Phaseolus , Vigna , Lablab ) with a native distribution center in the United States. [7] Like other Phaseolinae, the keel petal of its papilionoid flowers are curled inward to the right, although in Strophostyles and a few other genera only the very tip of the keel is coiled. [4]

Ecology

Strophostyles typically inhabits sites near freshwater or saline reservoirs (e.g., ponds, ditches, coastal dunes, etc.), sand prairies, and ruderal sites. [4] [8] [9] [10] The seeds are eaten by birds and rodents, [8] which may serve as a dispersal mechanism, though their distribution throughout ruderal, disturbed sites suggests unintentional human distribution as well. [4]

Ethnobotany

Strophostyles helvola has been used by Native North Americans for food and medicine. The Choctaw consumed boiled, mashed roots, and archaeological evidence suggests that their seeds were consumed as well, which are smaller but with a similar nutrition profile to Phaseolus vulgaris. [11] [12] The Houma made a decoction of the seeds to treat typhoid, [13] and the Iroquois applied leaves to treat poison ivy rashes and warts. [14]

Species

Recognized species are supported by: [3] [4] [8] [9] [10] [15]

Species identification is still ambiguous due to similar morphological characters and potential interspecific hybridization. [4]

Related Research Articles

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Faboideae</span> Subfamily of plants

The Faboideae are a subfamily of the flowering plant family Fabaceae or Leguminosae. An acceptable alternative name for the subfamily is Papilionoideae, or Papilionaceae when this group of plants is treated as a family.

<i>Phaseolus</i> Genus of legumes

Phaseolus is a genus of herbaceous to woody annual and perennial vines in the family Fabaceae containing about 70 plant species, all native to the Americas, primarily Mesoamerica.

<i>Vigna</i> Genus of plants

Vigna is a genus of plants in the legume family, Fabaceae, with a pantropical distribution. It includes some well-known cultivated species, including many types of beans. Some are former members of the genus Phaseolus. According to Hortus Third, Vigna differs from Phaseolus in biochemistry and pollen structure, and in details of the style and stipules.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Phaseoleae</span> Tribe of legumes

The plant tribe Phaseoleae is one of the subdivisions of the legume subfamily Faboideae, in the unranked NPAAA clade. This group includes many of the beans cultivated for human and animal food, most importantly from the genera Glycine, Phaseolus, and Vigna.

Condylostylis is a small genus of flowering plants in the legume family, Fabaceae. It belongs to subfamily Faboideae. The genus includes four species native to the tropical Americas, ranging from southeastern Mexico to northern Argentina. Species in this genus were formerly considered to belong to the genus Vigna.

Dolichopsis is a small genus of flowering plants in the legume family, Fabaceae. It belongs to the subfamily Faboideae. It includes three species native to South America, ranging from west-central and southeastern Brazil to Bolivia, Paraguay, and northern Argentina.

<i>Leptospron</i> Genus of legumes

Leptospron is a small genus of flowering plants in the legume family, Fabaceae. It contains two species with a pantropical distribution. It belongs to the subfamily Faboideae. Species in this genus were formerly considered to belong to the genus Vigna.

Mysanthus uleanus is a species of flowering plant in the legume family, Fabaceae. It is a climbing herb endemic to eastern Brazil. It grows in seasonally-dry tropical wooded grassland, thorn scrub, rocky shrubland, and in degraded areas. It is the only described member of the genus Mysanthus, though there is a report of an undescribed species. The genus belongs to subfamily Faboideae.

<i>Oxyrhynchus</i> (plant) Genus of legumes

Oxyrhynchus is a small genus of flowering plants in the legume family, Fabaceae. It includes four species, three native to the tropical Americas from northern Mexico to Colombia, and one native to New Guinea, Maluku, and the Bismarck Archipelago. It belongs to the subfamily Faboideae. A key for the species in this genus has been published.

<i>Sigmoidotropis</i> Genus of legumes

Sigmoidotropis is a genus of flowering plants in the legume family, Fabaceae. It includes eight species native to the tropical Americas, ranging from northern Mexico and the Caribbean islands to southern Brazil. It belongs to the subfamily Faboideae. Species in this genus were formerly considered to belong to the genus Vigna.

<i>Strophostyles helvola</i> Species of legume

Strophostyles helvola, commonly called amberique-bean, annual sand bean, or trailing fuzzybean is a species of flowering plant in the legume family. It is native to eastern Canada and the eastern United States.

<i>Ancistrotropis</i> Genus of legumes

Ancistrotropis is a genus of flowering plants in the legume family, Fabaceae. It belongs to the subfamily Faboideae. Species in this genus were formerly considered to belong to the genus Vigna.

<i>Cochliasanthus</i> Genus of legumes

Cochliasanthus caracalla is a leguminous flowering plant in the family Fabaceae that originates in tropical South America and Central America. The species is named caracalla, a corruption of the Portuguese caracol, meaning snail.

Helicotropis is a small genus of flowering plants in the legume family, Fabaceae. It belongs to the subfamily Faboideae. It includes three species of perennial climbing vines native to the tropical Americas, ranging from southern Mexico to northeastern Argentina. Species in this genus were formerly considered to belong to the genus Vigna.

<i>Ramirezella</i> Genus of legumes

Ramirezella is a small genus of flowering plants in the family Fabaceae. It includes seven species of climbing herbs native to southern North America, ranging from northern Mexico and Nicaragua. Typical habitats include seasonally-dry tropical forest and secondary vegetation in disturbed areas. It belongs to the subfamily Faboideae.

<i>Wajira</i> Genus of legumes

Wajira is a small genus of flowering plants in the legume family, Fabaceae. It belongs to the subfamily Faboideae. Species in this genus were formerly considered to belong to the genus Vigna. A key for the genus has been published.

<i>Strophostyles umbellata</i> Species of plant

Strophostyles umbellata, commonly known as the pink fuzzybean or perennialwild bean, is a species of perennial flowering plant in the family Fabaceae. It is native to fields and woods in the southeastern and central United States. It blooms from June to September.

<i>Phaseolus polystachios</i> Species of legume

Phaseolus polystachios, also known as the thicket bean or wild kidney bean, is a perennial, herbaceous vine that is native to North America. It is unique among the Phaseolus in that its native range extends across the eastern temperate United States to southeast Canada, while most Phaseolus are tropical or subtropical. It is the namesake for the Polystachios group clade, which is the most species-rich within Phaseolus. In spite of its common name, it is more closely related to the lima bean, and it holds potential as a crop wild relative due to its resistance to white mold.

<i>Strophostyles leiosperma</i> Species of legume

Strophostyles leiosperma, known as slickseed fuzzybean, or smoothseed / small-flower wildbean is a species of herbaceous, vining legume native to the central to western U.S. It occurs west to Colorado and New Mexico, east to Louisiana, south to Mexico, and north to Minnesota. It is most easily distinguished from the other two Strophostyles species by the abundance of small silky hairs on its leaves and pods, and small pea-shaped flowers with a much reduced keel that is largely hidden by the wing petals.

References

  1. Delgado-Salinas A, Thulin M, Pasquet R, Weeden N, Lavin M (2011). "Vigna (Leguminosae) sensu lato: the names and identities of the American segregate genera". Am J Bot . 98 (10): 1694–715. doi:10.3732/ajb.1100069. PMID   21980163. S2CID   207750926.
  2. Riley-Hulting ET, Delgado-Salinas A, Lavin M (2004). "Phylogenetic Systematics of Strophostyles (Fabaceae): A North American Temperate Genus within a Neotropical Diversification". Syst Bot. 29 (3): 627–653. doi:10.1600/0363644041744464. JSTOR   25063997. S2CID   85774146.
  3. 1 2 Delgado-Salinas, A.; Thulin, M.; Pasquet, R.; Weeden, N.; Lavin, M. (2011-10-01). "Vigna (Leguminosae) sensu lato: The names and identities of the American segregate genera". American Journal of Botany. 98 (10): 1694–1715. doi:10.3732/ajb.1100069. ISSN   1537-2197. PMID   21980163. S2CID   207750926.
  4. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 Riley-Hulting, Erin T.; Delgado-Salinas, Alfonso; Lavin, Matt (2004-07-01). "Phylogenetic Systematics of Strophostyles (Fabaceae): A North American Temperate Genus Within a Neotropical Diversification". Systematic Botany. 29 (3): 627–653. doi:10.1600/0363644041744464. S2CID   85774146.
  5. 1 2 USDA, NRCS (n.d.). "Strophostyles". The PLANTS Database (plants.usda.gov). Greensboro, North Carolina: National Plant Data Team. Retrieved 4 December 2015.
  6. "Online Virtual Flora of Wisconsin - Strophostyles leiosperma". wisflora.herbarium.wisc.edu. Retrieved 2018-09-22.
  7. Pelotto, Juan Pablo; Del Pero Martinez, Maria A (1998). "Flavonoids in Strophostyles species and the related genus Dolichopsis (Phaseolinae, Fabaceae): Distribution and phylogenetic significance". SIDA, Contributions to Botany. 18 (1): 213–222. JSTOR   41967295.
  8. 1 2 3 Stubbendieck, James L.; Conard, Elverne C. (1989). Common legumes of the Great Plains: an illustrated guide. Lincoln: University of Nebraska Press. ISBN   9780803242043. OCLC   18462927.
  9. 1 2 Isely, Duane (1998). Native and naturalized Leguminosae (Fabaceae) of the United States : (exclusive of Alaska and Hawaii). Provo, Utah: Monte L. Bean Life Science Museum, Brigham Young University. ISBN   9780842523967. OCLC   40451484.
  10. 1 2 McGregor, Ronald L.; Barkley, Theodore Mitchell (1986). Flora of the Great Plains. Brooks, Ralph E., Schofield, Eileen K., McGregor, Ronald L., Barkley, T. M., Great Plains Flora Association (U.S.). Lawrence, Kansas. ISBN   978-0700602957. OCLC   13093762.{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (link)
  11. Bushnell Jr., David I. (1909). "The Choctaw of Bayou Lacomb, St. Tammany Parish, Louisiana". SI-BAE Bulletin #48: 8.
  12. "Strophostyles helvola (L.) Elliot | Laboratory Guide To Archaeological Plant Remains From Eastern North America". pages.wustl.edu. Retrieved 2018-03-24.
  13. Speck, Frank G. (1941). "A List of Plant Curatives Obtained From the Houma Indians of Louisiana". Primitive Man. 14 (4): 49–75. doi:10.2307/3316460. JSTOR   3316460.
  14. Herrick, James William (1977). Iroquois Medical Botany. State University of New York, Albany: PhD Thesis. p. 365.
  15. Steyermark, Julian A.; Yatskievych, George Alfred (1999). Steyermark's Flora of Missouri (Rev. ed.). Jefferson City, Mo.: Missouri Dept. of Conservation in cooperation with Missouri Botanical Garden Press. ISBN   9780915279135. OCLC   40988742.
  16. "Tropicos | Name - !Strophostyles helvola (L.) Elliott". www.tropicos.org. Retrieved 2018-03-24.
  17. Immel, D.L. (2001). "Plant Guide for Strophostyles helvula" (PDF). USDA, NRCS, National Plant Data Center, c/o Environmental Horticulture Department, University of California, Davis, California. Retrieved Feb 15, 2018.