This article includes a list of general references, but it lacks sufficient corresponding inline citations .(June 2009) |
This article needs additional citations for verification .(June 2009) |
Subaru EA engine | |
---|---|
Overview | |
Manufacturer | Subaru |
Production | 1966–1994 |
Layout | |
Configuration | flat-four petrol engine |
Valvetrain | OHV/SOHC |
Combustion | |
Fuel type | Petrol/gasoline |
Cooling system | water |
Chronology | |
Successor | Subaru EJ engine |
The Subaru EA engine is a series of automobile internal combustion engines manufactured by Subaru, a division of Fuji Heavy Industries. All EA series engines are of a flat-4 design, and have always been water cooled.
Prior to 1966, Subaru was known for producing kei cars in Japan; for their first four-passenger model, the firm developed an air-cooled boxer engine for a prototype of the Subaru 1500 in 1960, but Fuji Heavy Industries was unable to continue development due to a shortage of funding. A new prototype front-wheel-drive car was built with a 923 cc (56 in3) water-cooled boxer engine, which became the basis for the Subaru 1000 and the EA-52 boxer engine. The car began sales to the public starting in 1966. [1]
The EA series engines have aluminum heads with aluminum blocks. Each cylinder has two valves, one for exhaust and one for intake. They came in either an OHV pushrod or SOHC configuration.
Subaru produced the EA series from 1966 to 1994, and were found in the Subaru FF-1 Star, the Subaru Leone, the Subaru Brat (Brumby), the Subaru Loyale, the Subaru Omega (coupé), the Subaru Vortex, the Subaru RX, and the Subaru XT (Alcyone).
Model | Years | Size | Compression ratio | Valvetrain | Output | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Displacement | Bore | Stroke | Power | Torque | |||||
EA-52 | 1966–1970 | 977.2 cc 60 in3 | 72 mm 2.8 in | 60 mm 2.4 in | 9.0:1 | OHV Pushrod | 55 hp 41 kW; 56 PS at 6000 | 57 lb⋅ft 77 N⋅m at 3200 | |
EA-53 | 1967–1968 | 10.0:1 | OHV Pushrod, twin carburetor | 67 hp 50 kW; 68 PS at 6600 | 59 lb⋅ft; 80 N⋅m 8.2 kg⋅m at 4600 | ||||
EA-61 | 1969–1972 | 1,088 cc 66 in3 | 76 mm 3.0 in | 8.5:1 | OHV Pushrod | 61 hp 45 kW; 62 PS at 5600 | 65 lb⋅ft 88 N⋅m at 4000 | ||
EA-62 | (regular) | 1971–1972 | 1,267.5 cc 77 in3 | 82 mm 3.2 in | 9.0:1 | OHV Pushrod | 80 hp 60 kW; 81 PS at 6400 | 73 lb⋅ft 99 N⋅m at 4000 | |
EA-62S | 1969–1972 | 10.0:1 | OHV Pushrod, twin carburetor | 92 hp 69 kW; 93 PS at 7000 | 76 lb⋅ft 103 N⋅m at 5000 | ||||
EA-63 | (JDM) [2] | 1973–1979 | 1,361 cc 83 in3 | 85 mm 3.3 in | 8.5:1 | OHV Pushrod | 71–77 hp 53–57 kW; 72–78 PS at 6000 | 74–76 lb⋅ft 100–103 N⋅m at 3600–4000 | |
(US) | 1973–1976 | 58 hp 43 kW; 59 PS at 5600 | 68 lb⋅ft 92 N⋅m at 2400 | ||||||
EA-64 | 1973–1979 | 1,176 cc 72 in3 | 79 mm 3.1 in | 9.0:1 | OHV Pushrod | 68 hp 51 kW; 69 PS at 6000 | 69 lb⋅ft 94 N⋅m at 3600 | ||
EA-65 | 1979–1994 | 1,298 cc 79 in3 | 83 mm 3.3 in | 65 hp 48 kW; 66 PS at 5600 | 85 lb⋅ft 115 N⋅m at 3200 | ||||
EA-71 | (JDM) | 1976–1994 | 1,595 cc 97 in3 | 92 mm 3.6 in | 9.0:1 | OHV Pushrod chain drive | 81–86 hp 60–64 kW; 82–87 PS at 5600 | 87–89 lb⋅ft 118–121 N⋅m at 3600 | |
EA-71S (JDM) | 1976–1994 | OHV Pushrod chain drive, twin carb | 94 hp 70 kW; 95 PS at 6400 | 89 lb⋅ft 121 N⋅m at 4000 | |||||
(US) | 1976–1979 | OHV Pushrod chain drive | 67 hp 50 kW; 68 PS at 5200 | 81 lb⋅ft 110 N⋅m at 2400 | |||||
(US) | 1980–1987 | OHV Pushrod | 68 hp 51 kW; 69 PS at 4800 | 84 lb⋅ft 114 N⋅m at 2800 | |||||
EA-72 | never released | 8.7:1 | SOHC | not published | |||||
EA-81 | (US) | 1980–1994 | 1,781 cc 109 in3 | 67 mm 2.6 in | 8.7:1 | OHV Pushrod | 73 hp 54 kW; 74 PS at 4800 | 94 lb⋅ft 127 N⋅m at 2400 | |
(EU) | 79–81 hp 59–60 kW; 80–82 PS at 6000 | 97 lb⋅ft 132 N⋅m at 2400 | |||||||
EA-81T (turbo) | 1983–1984 | 7.7:1 | OHV Pushrod | 95 hp 71 kW; 96 PS at 4200 | 123 lb⋅ft 167 N⋅m at 2800 | ||||
EA-82 | (carb) | 1984–1994 | 8.7/9.0:1 | SOHC, carburetor | 84 hp 63 kW; 85 PS at 5200 | 101 lb⋅ft 137 N⋅m at 3200 | |||
(SPFI) | 9.0:1 | SOHC, SPFI | 90 hp 67 kW; 91 PS at 5600 | 101 lb⋅ft 137 N⋅m at 3200 | |||||
(MPFI) | 9.5:1 | SOHC, MPFI | 97 hp 72 kW; 98 PS at 5200 | 103 lb⋅ft 140 N⋅m at 3200 | |||||
EA-82T (turbo) USA | 1984–1990 | 7.7:1 | SOHC, MPFI | 111–115 hp 83–86 kW; 113–117 PS at 5200 | 134 lb⋅ft 182 N⋅m at 2800 | ||||
EA-82T (turbo) Europe/Japan | 1984–1990 | 7.7:1 | SOHC, MPFI | 134–136 hp 100–101 kW; 136–138 PS at 5200 | 145 lb⋅ft 197 N⋅m at 2800 | ||||
EA82T (turbo) Works Group A/B | 1984–1988 | 7.5:1 | SOHC, MPFI | 180–190 hp 134–142 kW; 182–193 PS at 6450 | 170 lb⋅ft 230 N⋅m at 5200 |
The Subaru EA-52 engine was produced from 1966 until 1970.
The Subaru EA-53 was used in the 1967 Subaru 1000 Sports Sedan, sold in Japan. It used twin carburetors. This engine was used in the September 1968 Japan Alpine Rally which the car won in the 1000cc engine class.
The Subaru EA-61 engine was produced from 1969 to 1972. The Japanese-spec Subaru FF-1 Sport Sedan and the FF-1 Super Touring sedan used twin carburetors, with the engine designation EA-61S. It was sold in the United States only for the 1971 model year. [3] It was also briefly available in the first Leone, only in 1100 Van specification.
The Subaru EA-62 engine was produced from 1971 to 1972. It is the only EA- engine with rear-facing exhaust ports.
This engine used twin carburetors from Zenith-Stromberg.
The Subaru EA-63 engine was produced from 1973 to 1979, although it stopped being used in US-market cars in 1976.
The Subaru EA-64 engine was produced from 1973 to 1979. The engine disappeared from the sedan catalogs in September 1975, as the new emissions regulations would simply make the car too slow. As commercial vehicles didn't have to meet the new stricter regulations, it continued to be available in the Van 1200 Standard until the end of production of the first generation Leone in 1979.
The Subaru EA-65 engine was produced from 1975 to 1985
The Subaru EA-71 engine was produced in two different designs; from 1976 to 1994, originally the first design was a redesign of the EA-63 block, known as the "Narrow Case EA71" then Subaru completely redesigned it to make the newer version known as "Fat Case EA71" which also led to a stroked version known as the EA81. The availability in USA for the EA71 ended in 1990 on the hatchback models. It came with a carburetor and the last editions for JDM featured throttle-body injection, found on the "Maia" editions of the third generation Subaru Leone. The engine came either with solid lifters or hydraulic lifters.
This engine used twin Hitachi carburetors.
There was an unreleased EA-72 concept engine Subaru developed for use in the Japanese Market in 1989. It was essentially an EA-82 with an EA-71 crankshaft. This engine never came about as the Subaru EJ15 and EJ16 were already in development for this purpose.
The Subaru EA-81 engine was produced from 1980 to 1994 and is a stroked version of the "Fat Case" EA-71 it came either with Solid Lifters or Hydraulic Lifters.
This engine used twin Hitachi carburetors on a single intake manifold, and the late version for the 1983 Safari Rally, featured two downdraft Weber Carburetors, each one mounted directly over each head. The Heads and Valvetrain on the EA81S engines are different from the regular counterparts, featuring different positions for the intake and exhaust valves on the Heads, feature known usually as Reverse Valves.
The EA-81T is not an official engine designation from Subaru. The "T" is used informally to refer to the factory turbocharged version of EA-81 engines that are equipped with a turbocharger and multi port fuel injection. Boost pressure was 7 psi (0.48 bar).
The Subaru EA-82 engine was originally intended to be a 2.0 L engine as its prototypes were, but Subaru destroked it to 1.8 L for production. The EA82 was produced from 1984 to 1994. It came either with carburetor, single point fuel injection, or multi port fuel injection and hydraulic lifters. Most of the technical advancements introduced to the EA82 were utilized in the next generation Subaru EJ engine, specifically, the SOHC valvetrain, and multi-point fuel injection.
The EA-82T engine was introduced in 1984 for the Third generation of Subaru Leone in the GL-10 and RX Turbo trim models plus the XT (Vortex), and later on the Subaru Leone RX Coupe models. It is a turbocharged version of the MPFI EA-82 with modified cylinder heads, lower compression pistons, and boost pressure of 7 psi (0.48 bar).
A revised intake known as the "Spider" manifold was available and is seen as an early version of the EJ style intake manifold.
Subaru ER engine | |
---|---|
Overview | |
Manufacturer | Subaru |
Production | 1988–1991 |
Layout | |
Configuration | flat-6 petrol engine |
Displacement | 2.7 L (2672 cc) |
Cylinder bore | 92 mm |
Piston stroke | 67 mm |
Cylinder block material | aluminium |
Cylinder head material | aluminium |
Valvetrain | SOHC |
Combustion | |
Fuel type | Petrol/gasoline |
Output | |
Power output | 112 kW (150 hp) |
Chronology | |
Successor | Subaru EG engine |
The ER series is a flat-6 engine with a displacement of 2.7 L manufactured by Subaru, a division of Fuji Heavy Industries. The ER series has aluminium engine blocks and aluminium cylinder heads. It is found on the 1988–1991 Subaru Alcyone VX (XT-6 in the United States).
Created as a refined luxury engine with improved power over the EA82T, Subaru introduced the ER series engine in 1988 exclusively to be featured in the Subaru Alcyone VX. Like the EA series engines, the ER series engine featured 2-valve cylinder heads with hydraulic lash adjusters and the block shared the same bore and stroke. While recognised as bearing many similarities to the Subaru EA82 engine, there are numerous differences in design between the two engines and a large portion of parts are unique to the ER27. The oil and water pumps are unique to the ER27, sharing similar bolt patterns and design to the EA82, but being of a higher flow in both cases. [4] The intake manifold uses a two piece design with a lower section bolting to the heads containing the coolant bridge, injectors and various vacuum lines. The upper intake manifold then bolts to the lower section and is unlike the EA82 or EJ22 "spider" manifold designs in that there is no central plenum chamber. The valve timing system is belt-drive using two individual timing belts, curiously one belt uses a spring tensioner (like the EA82) whilst the other uses a hydraulic tensioner (like the EJ22). Both JDM and USDM versions of the ER27 used multi-point electronic fuel injection. The ER27 designation was the first time Subaru incorporated the engine's displacement into the series name and all future engines have retained this nomenclature.
A carburetor is a device used by a gasoline internal combustion engine to control and mix air and fuel entering the engine. The primary method of adding fuel to the intake air is through the Venturi tube in the main metering circuit, though various other components are also used to provide extra fuel or air in specific circumstances.
The Subaru Rex, also known as Ace, Viki, Sherpa, 500/600/700, Mini Jumbo, Mini Subaru or M60/M70/M80 in various export markets, is a kei class automobile produced from 1972 to 1992 mainly for sale in Japan by Subaru, although it was also sold in Europe, South America, Australia and the Caribbean. The Rex superseded the R-2 as Subaru's kei car, and has been available in commercial use versions as well as in a passenger car version. It underwent major changes in 1976, in fall 1981, and again in late 1986. The second generation Rex (1981–1986) also formed the basis for the larger Subaru Justy.
The LA engine is a family of overhead-valve small-block 90° V-configured gasoline engines built by Chrysler Corporation between 1964 and 2003. Primarily V8s, the line includes a single V6 and V10, both derivations of its Magnum series introduced in 1992. A replacement of the Chrysler A engine, they were factory-installed in passenger vehicles, trucks and vans, commercial vehicles, marine and industrial applications. Their combustion chambers are wedge-shaped, rather than polyspheric, as in the A engine, or hemispheric in the Chrysler Hemi. LA engines have the same 4.46 in (113 mm) bore spacing as the A engines.
The Chevrolet small-block engine is a series of gasoline-powered V8 automobile engines, produced by the Chevrolet division of General Motors between 1954 and 2003, using the same basic engine block. Referred to as a "small-block" for its size relative to the physically much larger Chevrolet big-block engines, the small-block family spanned from 262 cu in (4.3 L) to 400 cu in (6.6 L) in displacement. Engineer Ed Cole is credited with leading the design for this engine. The engine block and cylinder heads were cast at Saginaw Metal Casting Operations in Saginaw, Michigan.
The GA engine is a 1.3 to 1.6 L inline-four piston engine from Nissan. It has a cast-iron block and an aluminum head. There are SOHC and DOHC versions, 8, 12, and 16 valve versions, carbureted, single-point, and multi-point injected versions, and versions with variable valve timing (GA16DE). The GA was produced from August 1987 through 2013. Since 1998, it was only available from Mexico in the B13.
The Subaru Leone is a compact car produced by the Japanese car manufacturer Subaru from 1971 to 1994. The word leone is Italian for lion.
An inlet manifold or intake manifold is the part of an internal combustion engine that supplies the fuel/air mixture to the cylinders. The word manifold comes from the Old English word manigfeald and refers to the multiplying of one (pipe) into many.
The Subaru XT is a two-door, front- or all-wheel drive, four passenger 2+2 coupé manufactured and marketed by Subaru for model years 1985-1991, with a facelift in 1987. At introduction, the XT was the most aerodynamic car marketed in the US market, heavily influenced by noted designer Alex Tremulis.
The E-series was a line of inline four-cylinder automobile engines designed and built by Honda for use in their cars in the 1970s and 1980s. These engines were notable for the use of CVCC technology, introduced in the ED1 engine in the 1975 Civic, which met 1970s emissions standards without using a catalytic converter.
Manifold vacuum, or engine vacuum in a petrol engine is the difference in air pressure between the engine's intake manifold and Earth's atmosphere.
A backfire or afterburn is combustion or an explosion produced by a running internal combustion engine that occurs in the exhaust system, rather than inside the combustion chamber. It is also sometimes referred to as an afterfire, especially in cases where the word backfire is used to mean a fuel burn that occurs while an intake valve is open, causing the fire to move backward through the system and out through the intake instead of the exhaust. When the flame moves backward it may also be called a "pop-back". A backfire can be caused either by ignition that happens with an exhaust valve open or unburnt fuel making its way into the hot exhaust system. A visible flame may momentarily shoot out of the exhaust pipe. A backfire is often a sign that the engine is improperly tuned.
The Suzuki G engine is a series of three- and four-cylinder internal combustion engines manufactured by Suzuki Motor Corporation for various automobiles, primarily based on the GM M platform, as well as many small trucks such as the Suzuki Samurai and Suzuki Vitara and their derivatives.
The Subaru EJ engine is a series of four-stroke automotive engines manufactured by Subaru. They were introduced in 1989, intended to succeed the previous Subaru EA engine. The EJ series was the mainstay of Subaru's engine line, with all engines of this series being 16-valve horizontal flat-fours, with configurations available for single, or double-overhead camshaft arrangements. Naturally aspirated and turbocharged versions are available, ranging from 96 to 310 hp. These engines are commonly used in light aircraft, kit cars and engine swaps into air-cooled Volkswagens, and are also popular as a swap into copy wasserboxer engined Volkswagen T3/Vanagon. Primary engineering on the EJ series was done by Masayuki Kodama, Takemasa Yamada and Shuji Sawafuji of Fuji Heavy Industries, Subaru's parent company.
A throttle is a mechanism by which fluid flow is managed by construction or obstruction.
The following outline is provided as an overview of and topical guide to automobiles:
The Honda Vigor is a premium sedan that was derived from the Honda Accord. It was sold in Japan through the Honda Verno dealer network from 1981 until 1995, and sold in North America from June 1991 until 1994 as the Acura Vigor. Early Vigors were more upmarket versions of the Accord, and served as Honda's flagship until the arrival of the Honda Legend. In 1989, the Vigor would differentiate itself further from the Accord with unique styling and an available longitudinal five-cylinder engine, and a twin to the Vigor was introduced with the Honda Inspire, available at Honda Clio dealerships.
The Subaru FA engine is a gasoline boxer-4 engine used in Subaru and Toyota automobiles. It is a derivative of the FB engine, with efforts to reduce weight while maintaining durability as the main design goals. Although the FA and FB engines share a common platform, the FA shares very little in dedicated parts with the FB engine, with a different block, head, connecting rods, and pistons.
The Subaru six-cylinder engines are a series of flat-6 engines manufactured by Subaru, made in three distinct generations. The ER27, derived from the Subaru EA first-generation flat-4, was used as the sole engine option in the premium model 1988–91 Subaru Alcyone VX. The EG33, derived from the Subaru EJ second-generation flat-4, was used exclusively in the successor Subaru Alcyone SVX, again as its sole engine option, sold from 1991–96. The EZ series, consisting of the EZ30 and EZ36 models, was designed to be almost as compact as the EJ25 flat-4. The EZ30/36 were the first Subaru six-cylinder engines available outside the sport coupes, used as the uplevel option for Subaru Legacy (2002–19) and Outback/Lancaster (2001–19) as well as the sole option in the Subaru Tribeca (2006–14).