Sultan Suleiman Shah Division

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Sultan Suleiman Shah Division
al-Amshat [1]
Leaders Mohammed al-Jassem [2]
nom de guerre: Abu Amsha [3]
Dates of operation2016-present [4]
Part of Syrian revolution flag.svg Free Syrian Army

Syrian revolution flag.svg Syrian National Army [5]

Allies
Opponents
Battles and wars
Syrian civil war

The Sultan Suleiman Shah Division is a Turkish-backed faction in Syria operating under the Syrian National Army in the Syrian civil war. The group is also known as Suleiman Shah Brigade, and Amsha or al-Amshat after its commander Mohammed al-Jassem's nom de guerre.

The group and its commander has been accused of widespread human rights abuses and war crimes, including extrajudicial killings, kidnappings, torture, extortion, sexual violence, and looting. [15]

Fighters from the Sultan Suleiman Shah Division participated in the 2025 massacres of Syrian Alawites. [13] [14]

Sanctions

The group was sanctioned by the United States Department of the Treasury for "serious human rights abuses against those residing in the Afrin region of northern Syria" in 2023. [16] [17]

References

  1. ↑ Walid Al Nofal (19 April 2022). "Mergers and tensions within the Syrian National Army: A 'struggle for existence'". Syria Direct . Retrieved 2 February 2025.
  2. ↑ David Adesnik; Sinan Ciddi (21 August 2023). "U.S. Sanctions Target Turkey-Backed Militias in Syria, but Not Turkish Authorities". Foundation for Defense of Democracies . Retrieved 31 January 2025.
  3. ↑ Walid Al Nofal (4 April 2022). "The case of Abu Amsha: How commanders of Turkish-backed factions in northwestern Syria go unpunished". Syria Direct . Retrieved 3 February 2025.
  4. 1 2 3 "Who's Who - Abu Amsha: A Warlord's Rise to Power and Controversy". The Syrian Observer. 3 December 2024. Retrieved 31 January 2025.
  5. 1 2 3 "Recent Developments in Syria: Between Military Gains and Future Challenges". Harmoon Center for Contemporary Studies. 4 December 2024. Retrieved 31 January 2025.
  6. ↑ "At Turkish Intelligence's orders, Turkish-backed factions form new alliance in north Syria". Syrian Observatory for Human Rights . 9 September 2021. Retrieved 31 January 2025.
  7. ↑ Sultan al-Kanj (4 November 2021). "Why are Turkish-allied formations collapsing in Syria?". Al-Monitor. Archived from the original on 4 November 2021. Retrieved 31 January 2025.
  8. ↑ Walid Al Nofal (12 October 2022). "'Accountability, or fall': Syrian National Army's Hamza Division under fire after assassination of opposition activist in northern Aleppo". Syria Direct . Retrieved 2 February 2025.
  9. 1 2 3 Orwa Ajjoub (26 October 2022). "HTS, Turkey, and the future of Syria's north". Middle East Institute . Retrieved 2 February 2025.
  10. ↑ "Amid crashing battles in city's suburbs | "Joint forces" send military reinforcement to frontlines on outskirts of Hama city". The Syrian Observatory For Human Rights. 5 December 2024. Retrieved 31 January 2025.
  11. ↑ Tom O'Connor (20 December 2024). "US-Backed Fighters Are Already Losing Hope in Post-Assad Syria". Newsweek. Retrieved 4 February 2025.
  12. ↑ Siddhant Kishore; Carolyn Moorman; Alexandra Braverman; Ria Reddy; Andie Parry; Johanna Moore; Ben Rezaei; Katherine Wells; Avery Borens; Brian Carter (22 January 2025). "Iran Update, January 22, 2025". Institute for the Study of War. Retrieved 31 January 2025.
  13. 1 2 Hélène Sallon; Madjid Zerrouky (9 March 2025). "Syrians describe the violence targeting Alawite minority: 'Tomorrow, there won't be a man left alive in my village'". Le Monde . Retrieved 15 March 2025.
  14. 1 2 "'They killed him in cold blood': the cycle of revenge in north-west Syria". The Guardian . 15 March 2025. Retrieved 15 March 2025.
  15. ↑ "Türkiye's Troubling Embrace of Syrian Groups Accused of Grave Crimes". Human Rights Watch . 30 July 2024. Retrieved 11 March 2025.
  16. ↑ "Sanctioned Extremists Open Fire on Peaceful Protestors in Occupied Afrin". Syrian Democratic Times. 27 September 2024. Retrieved 11 March 2025.
  17. ↑ Kareem Chehayeb (17 August 2023). "US imposes sanctions on 2 Turkey-backed Syrian militias and the groups' leaders". Associated Press. Archived from the original on 8 October 2023. Retrieved 31 January 2025.
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