Sumatran laughingthrush | |
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Scientific classification | |
Kingdom: | Animalia |
Phylum: | Chordata |
Class: | Aves |
Order: | Passeriformes |
Family: | Leiothrichidae |
Genus: | Garrulax |
Species: | G. bicolor |
Binomial name | |
Garrulax bicolor Hartlaub, 1844 | |
The Sumatran laughingthrush (Garrulax bicolor), also known as the black-and-white laughingthrush, is a member of the family Leiothrichidae. It was formerly treated as a subspecies of the white-crested laughingthrush (G. leucolophus), but unlike that species the plumage of the Sumatran laughingthrush is blackish-brown and white.
It is endemic to highland forest on the Indonesian island of Sumatra, where it is threatened by habitat loss and capture for the domestic wildlife trade. [1] [2] Despite being protected in Indonesia, illegal trade continues, often carried out openly in bird markets on Sumatra and Java. [3] As there appears to be an increase in international demand for this species, there have been calls for better international protection through the Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species of Wild Fauna and Flora (CITES). [4]
Garrulax is a genus of passerine birds in the laughingthrush family Leiothrichidae.
The Sumatran tiger is a population of Panthera tigris sondaica on the Indonesian island of Sumatra. It is the only surviving tiger population in the Sunda Islands, where the Bali and Javan tigers are extinct.
Way Kambas National Park is a national park covering 1,300 square kilometres in Lampung province, southern Sumatra, Indonesia. It consists of swamp forest and lowland rain forest, mostly of secondary growth as result of extensive logging in the 1960s and 1970s. Despite decreasing populations, the park still has a few critically endangered Sumatran tigers, Sumatran elephants and Sumatran rhinoceroses. It also provides excellent birdwatching, with the rare white-winged wood duck among the over 400 species present in the park.
The white-crested laughingthrush is a member of the family Leiothrichidae. It is a highly social and vocal bird found in forest and scrub from the Himalayan foothills to Southeast Asia.
The pink-headed fruit dove also known as pink-necked fruit dove or Temminck's fruit pigeon, is a small colourful dove.
The Sunda clouded leopard is a medium-sized wild cat native to Borneo and Sumatra. It is listed as Vulnerable on the IUCN Red List since 2015, as the total effective population probably consists of fewer than 10,000 mature individuals, with a decreasing population trend. On both Sunda islands, it is threatened by deforestation. It was classified as a separate species, distinct from the clouded leopard in mainland Southeast Asia based on a study in 2006. Its fur is darker with a smaller cloud pattern.
The white-throated laughingthrush is a species of passerine bird in the family Leiothrichidae. It is found mainly in the northern regions of the Indian subcontinent, primarily the Himalayas, and some adjoining and disjunct areas. It ranges across Afghanistan, Bhutan, India, Myanmar, Nepal, Tibet and Vietnam. Its natural habitat is subtropical or tropical moist montane forests.
The bare-headed laughingthrush is a species of bird in the Old World babbler family Timaliidae. It is endemic to highland forests at elevations of 750–1,800 m (2,460–5,910 ft) in the mountain ranges of north-central Borneo, along with some outlying peaks. It is 25–26 cm (9.8–10.2 in) long, with both sexes similar in appearance. The head is brownish to greenish yellow and featherless. The area along the lower mandible has a bluish tinge. The rest of the body is dull blackish-brown tinged with grey. Juveniles have more feathers on the head, extending from the forehead to the crown.
The chestnut-eared laughingthrush is a species of bird in the family Leiothrichidae. It is found in Vietnam and possibly Laos.
The black laughingthrush is a species of bird in the family Timaliidae. It is found in highland forests in the Thai-Malay Peninsula and on the Indonesian island of Sumatra. Until recently, it usually included the bare-headed laughingthrush as a subspecies.
The chestnut-capped laughingthrush, also known as the spectacled laughingthrush, is a species of bird in the family Leiothrichidae. It is found in Sumatra (Indonesia) and the Thai-Malay Peninsula. Its natural habitats are subtropical or tropical moist lowland forests and subtropical or tropical moist montane forests. The chestnut-hooded laughingthrush was previously considered a subspecies.
The chestnut-backed laughingthrush is a species of bird in the family Leiothrichidae. It is found in Northeast India and northern Myanmar.This species inhabits secondary growth, thickets, tall grasslands with scattered shrubs or dense bushes in stony scrub-covered ravines and hills, from the lowlands up to c.900 m. It is threatened by habitat loss.
The Sunda laughingthrush is a bird species in the family Leiothrichidae. It is found in Brunei, Indonesia, and Malaysia.
The rufous-necked laughingthrush is a bird species in the laughingthrush family, Leiothrichidae. It is found in Bangladesh, Bhutan, China, India, Myanmar and Nepal, where its natural habitats are subtropical or tropical moist lowland forest and subtropical or tropical moist montane forest. Little study was done on this species due to its abundance and lack of interest in its conservation.
The rufous-fronted laughingthrush is a bird species in the family Leiothrichidae. It is endemic to Java, where it occurs in evergreen tropical montane forests at 900–2,400 m (3,000–7,900 ft). It feeds on insects and fruit.
The white-necked laughingthrush is a species of bird in the family Leiothrichidae. It is found in Yunnan, Laos, Myanmar and Thailand. Its natural habitats are subtropical or tropical moist lowland forests and subtropical or tropical moist montane forests.
The variegated laughingthrush is a species of bird in the family Leiothrichidae. It is endemic to the northern regions of the Indian subcontinent, primarily the low-to-mid altitudes of the Himalayas. It ranges across Bhutan, India, Nepal and Tibet.
The Javan white-eye is a bird species in the family Zosteropidae that occurs in Java and Borneo. It is threatened by trapping for wildlife trade and has been assessed as Endangered on the IUCN Red List in 2019, as the wild population declined significantly.
The buffy laughingthrush, also known as the chestnut-winged laughingthrush is a species of bird in the family Leiothrichidae. It is found in the Chinese mainland. It was formerly considered a subspecies of the rusty laughingthrush, P. poecilorhynchus; a species restricted to Taiwan following the split. Compared to the rusty laughingthrush, the buffy laughingthrush has paler grey underparts, more contrasting rufous wings, broader white tips to the tail, and distinct black lores.
The black-and-white langur is a species of monkey in the family Cercopithecidae. It was formerly considered a subspecies of the Black-crested Sumatran langur, Presbytis melalophos but genetic analysis revealed that these are separate species.