TBP-associated factor

Last updated
TBP associated factor (TAF6)
PDB 1taf EBI.jpg
drosophila dtafii42/dtafii62 (like TAF6/TAF9) heterotetramer, HFD
Identifiers
SymbolTAF
Pfam PF02969
Pfam clan CL0012
InterPro IPR004823
SCOP2 1bh9 / SCOPe / SUPFAM

The TBP-associated factors (TAF) are proteins that associate with the TATA-binding protein in transcription initiation. It is a part of the transcription initiation factor TFIID multimeric protein complex. It also makes up many other factors, including SL1. They mediate the formation of the transcription preinitiation complex, a step preceding transcription of DNA to RNA by RNA polymerase II.

Contents

TAFs have a signature N-terminal histone-like fold domain (HFD). [1] This domain is implicated in the pairwise interaction among specific TAFs. [2]

Function

TFIID

TFIID plays a central role in mediating promoter responses to various activators and repressors. It binds tightly to TAFII-250 and directly interacts with TAFII-40. TFIID is composed of TATA binding protein (TBP) and a number of TBP-associated factors (TAFS). [3]

TAF is part of the TFIID complex, and interacts with the following:

Due to such interactions, they contribute transcription activation and to promoter selectivity. [3]

Some pairs of TAF interact with each other to form "lobes" in TFIID. Pairs known or suggested to exist in TFIID include TAF6-TAF9, TAF4-TAF12, TAF11-13, TAF8-TAF10 and TAF3-TAF10. [2]

SL1

Selective factor 1 is composed of the TATA-binding protein and three TAF (TATA box-binding protein-associated factor) subunits (TAF1A, TAF1B, and TAF1C). These TAFs do not have a histone-like fold domain. [4]

Other complexes

TAF is a part of SAGA (SPT-ADA-GCN5 acetylase) and related coactivation complexes. [2] Such complexes acetylate histone tails to activate genes. [5] Human has three SAGA-like complexes: PCAF, TFTC (TBP-free TAF-containing complex), and STAGA (SPT3-TAF9-GCN5L acetylase). PCAF (GCN5) and KAT2A (GCN5L) are two human homologs of the yeast Gcn5. [6]

TAF8, TAF10, and SPT7L forms a small TAF complex called SMAT. [2]

Structure

The N-terminal domain of TAF has a histone-like protein fold. It contains two short alpha helices and a long central alpha helix. [1]

Human genes

Assorted signatures

TAF domains are spread out across many digital signatures:

TAF4
Identifiers
SymbolTAF4
Pfam PF05236
InterPro IPR007900
TAF
Identifiers
Symbol?
Pfam PF04719
TAF13
Identifiers
SymbolTFIID-18kDa
Pfam PF02269
InterPro IPR003195
TAFII31 (TAF9)
Identifiers
SymbolTFIID-31kDa
Pfam PF02291
InterPro IPR003162
TAF
Identifiers
Symbol?
Pfam PF03847
TAF
Identifiers
Symbol?
Pfam PF03540
TAF/Nervy homology (TAF4/4B)
Identifiers
SymbolTAFH
Pfam PF07531
InterPro IPR003894
SMART TAFH
TAF RNA Polymerase I subunit A (TAF1A)
Identifiers
SymbolTAF1_subA
Pfam PF14929
InterPro IPR039495

Related Research Articles

TATA-binding protein

The TATA-binding protein (TBP) is a general transcription factor that binds specifically to a DNA sequence called the TATA box. This DNA sequence is found about 30 base pairs upstream of the transcription start site in some eukaryotic gene promoters.

Transcription factor II D (TFIID) is one of several general transcription factors that make up the RNA polymerase II preinitiation complex. RNA polymerase II holoenzyme is a form of eukaryotic RNA polymerase II that is recruited to the promoters of protein-coding genes in living cells. It consists of RNA polymerase II, a subset of general transcription factors, and regulatory proteins known as SRB proteins. Before the start of transcription, the transcription Factor II D (TFIID) complex binds to the TATA box in the core promoter of the gene.

TAF6

Transcription initiation factor TFIID subunit 6 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the TAF6 gene.

TAF7

Transcription initiation factor TFIID subunit 7 also known as TAFII55 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the TAF7 gene.

TAF1

Transcription initiation factor TFIID subunit 1, also known as transcription initiation factor TFIID 250 kDa subunit (TAFII-250) or TBP-associated factor 250 kDa (p250), is a protein that in humans is encoded by the TAF1 gene.

TAF9 Protein-coding gene in the species Homo sapiens

TAF9 RNA polymerase II, TATA box binding protein (TBP)-associated factor, 32kDa, also known as TAF9, is a protein that in humans is encoded by the TAF9 gene.

TAF12

Transcription initiation factor TFIID subunit 12 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the TAF12 gene.

TAF4

Transcription initiation factor TFIID subunit 4 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the TAF4 gene.

TAF2

Transcription initiation factor TFIID subunit 2 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the TAF2 gene.

TAF10

Transcription initiation factor TFIID subunit 10 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the TAF10 gene.

TAF5

Transcription initiation factor TFIID subunit 5 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the TAF5 gene.

TADA3L

Transcriptional adapter 3-like is a protein that in humans is encoded by the TADA3 gene. Cytogenetic location: 3p25.3

TAF11

Transcription initiation factor TFIID subunit 11 also known as TAFII28, is a protein that in humans is encoded by the TAF11 gene.

TAF15

TATA-binding protein-associated factor 2N is a protein that in humans is encoded by the TAF15 gene.

Transcription initiation protein SPT3 homolog

Transcription initiation protein SPT3 homolog is a protein that in humans is encoded by the SUPT3H gene.

TAF13

Transcription initiation factor TFIID subunit 13 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the TAF13 gene.

TAF8

Transcription initiation factor TFIID subunit 8 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the TAF8 gene.

TAF5L

TAF5-like RNA polymerase II p300/CBP-associated factor-associated factor 65 kDa subunit 5L is an enzyme that in humans is encoded by the TAF5L gene.

TAF6L

TAF6-like RNA polymerase II p300/CBP-associated factor-associated factor 65 kDa subunit 6L is an enzyme that in humans is encoded by the TAF6L gene.

TAF4B

Transcription initiation factor TFIID subunit 4B is a protein that in humans is encoded by the TAF4B gene.

References

  1. 1 2 Xie X, Kokubo T, Cohen SL, Mirza UA, Hoffmann A, Chait BT, Roeder RG, Nakatani Y, Burley SK (March 1996). "Structural similarity between TAFs and the heterotetrameric core of the histone octamer". Nature. 380 (6572): 316–22. Bibcode:1996Natur.380..316X. doi:10.1038/380316a0. PMID   8598927. S2CID   4329570.
  2. 1 2 3 4 Demény MA, Soutoglou E, Nagy Z, Scheer E, Jànoshàzi A, Richardot M, Argentini M, Kessler P, Tora L (March 2007). "Identification of a small TAF complex and its role in the assembly of TAF-containing complexes". PLOS ONE. 2 (3): e316. Bibcode:2007PLoSO...2..316D. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0000316 . PMC   1820849 . PMID   17375202.
  3. 1 2 Furukawa T, Tanese N (September 2000). "Assembly of partial TFIID complexes in mammalian cells reveals distinct activities associated with individual TATA box-binding protein-associated factors". The Journal of Biological Chemistry. 275 (38): 29847–56. doi: 10.1074/jbc.M002989200 . PMID   10896937.
  4. ↑ Friedrich JK, Panov KI, Cabart P, Russell J, Zomerdijk JC (August 2005). "TBP-TAF complex SL1 directs RNA polymerase I pre-initiation complex formation and stabilizes upstream binding factor at the rDNA promoter". The Journal of Biological Chemistry. 280 (33): 29551–8. doi: 10.1074/jbc.M501595200 . PMC   3858828 . PMID   15970593.
  5. ↑ Bonnet J, Wang CY, Baptista T, Vincent SD, Hsiao WC, Stierle M, Kao CF, Tora L, Devys D (September 2014). "The SAGA coactivator complex acts on the whole transcribed genome and is required for RNA polymerase II transcription". Genes & Development. 28 (18): 1999–2012. doi:10.1101/gad.250225.114. PMC   4173158 . PMID   25228644.
  6. ↑ Martinez E, Palhan VB, Tjernberg A, Lymar ES, Gamper AM, Kundu TK, Chait BT, Roeder RG (October 2001). "Human STAGA complex is a chromatin-acetylating transcription coactivator that interacts with pre-mRNA splicing and DNA damage-binding factors in vivo". Molecular and Cellular Biology. 21 (20): 6782–95. doi:10.1128/MCB.21.20.6782-6795.2001. PMC   99856 . PMID   11564863.
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