Tembusu

Last updated

Tembusu
Tembusu tree at Lawn E, Singapore Botanic Gardens 20240210 182200.jpg
Scientific classification OOjs UI icon edit-ltr.svg
Kingdom: Plantae
Clade: Tracheophytes
Clade: Angiosperms
Clade: Eudicots
Clade: Asterids
Order: Gentianales
Family: Gentianaceae
Genus: Cyrtophyllum
Species:
C. fragrans
Binomial name
Cyrtophyllum fragrans
Synonyms
  • Fagraea fragrans Roxb.
  • Fagraea peregrina (Reinw.) Blume
  • Fagraea ridleyi Gand.
  • Cyrtophyllum peregrinum
In the Kandy botanic garden, Sri Lanka Fagraea fragrans A.jpg
In the Kandy botanic garden, Sri Lanka

The tembusu is a large evergreen tree in the family Gentianaceae, native to Southeast Asia (from Indo-China to New Guinea). It is the Malay name for Cyrtophyllum fragrans (synonym Fagraea fragrans). [2]

Contents

Its trunk is dark brown, with deeply fissured bark, looking somewhat like a bittergourd. The tree grows in an irregular shape from 10 to 25 metres high, [3] with light green oval-shaped leaves, and yellowish flowers with a distinct fragrance. The fruits of the tree are bitter tasting red berries, which are eaten by Pteropus fruit bats. [4]

Common names

Buabua (Fiji Islands), Urung (Philippines), Temasuk (Sabah), Tatrao, Trai (Vietnam), Kan Krao (Thailand), Tembesu (Indonesia), Anan, Anama (Burma), Munpla (Thailand, Laos), Ta Trao (Cambodia).[ citation needed ]

Uses

The trunk of this tree can produce very hard wood that can be used to make chopping boards and floors.[ citation needed ] The wood can last over a hundred years, as it is not consumed by termites and weevils.

Cultural significance

A distinctive and well-loved tembusu tree growing in the Botanic Gardens is pictured on the Singaporean five-dollar bill.[ citation needed ]

In Thailand, it is the provincial tree of Surin Province and the university tree of Ubonratchathani.[ citation needed ]

Related Research Articles

<i>Podocarpus latifolius</i> Species of conifer

Podocarpus latifolius is a large evergreen tree up to 35 m high and 3 m trunk diameter, in the conifer family Podocarpaceae; it is the type species of the genus Podocarpus.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Longan</span> Species of tropical fruit-bearing tree

Dimocarpus longan, commonly known as the longan and dragon's eye, is a tropical tree species that produces edible fruit. It is one of the better-known tropical members of the soapberry family Sapindaceae, to which the lychee and rambutan also belong. The fruit of the longan is similar to that of the lychee, but is less aromatic in taste.

<i>Dracaena</i> (plant) Genus of flowering plants

Dracaena is a genus of about 200 species of trees and succulent shrubs. The formerly accepted genera Pleomele and Sansevieria are now included in Dracaena. In the APG IV classification system, it is placed in the family Asparagaceae, subfamily Nolinoideae. It has also formerly been separated into the family Dracaenaceae or placed in the Agavaceae.

<i>Ficus microcarpa</i> Species of fig

Ficus microcarpa, also known as Chinese banyan, Malayan banyan, Indian laurel, curtain fig, or gajumaru (ガジュマル), is a tree in the fig family Moraceae. It is native in a range from China through tropical Asia and the Caroline Islands to Australia. It is widely planted as a shade tree.

<i>Cassia fistula</i> Species of plant

Cassia fistula, also known as golden shower, purging cassia, Indian laburnum, kani konna, or pudding-pipe tree, is a flowering plant in the family Fabaceae. The species is native to the Indian subcontinent and adjacent regions of Southeast Asia. It is the official state flower of Kerala state and Delhi UT in India. It is also a popular ornamental plant and is also used in herbal medicine.

<i>Manilkara zapota</i> Tropical evergreen tree species in the flowering plant family Sapotaceae

Manilkara zapota, commonly known as sapodilla, sapote, chicozapote, chicoo, chicle, naseberry, nispero, or soapapple, among other names, is an evergreen tree native to southern Mexico and Central America. An example natural occurrence is in coastal Yucatán, in the Petenes mangroves ecoregion, where it is a subdominant plant species. It was introduced to the Philippines during Spanish colonization. It is grown in large quantities in Mexico and in tropical Asia, including India, Pakistan, Thailand, Malaysia, Cambodia, Indonesia, Vietnam, Bangladesh, as well as in the Caribbean.

<i>Osmanthus fragrans</i> Species of plant

Osmanthus fragrans, variously known as sweet osmanthus, sweet olive, tea olive, and fragrant olive, is a flowering plant species native to Asia from the Himalayas through the provinces of Guizhou, Sichuan and Yunnan in China, Taiwan, southern Japan and Southeast Asia as far south as Cambodia and Thailand.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Heritage trees in Singapore</span>

Heritage Trees in Singapore are mature trees specially selected under the Heritage Trees Scheme adopted on 17 August 2001, by the National Parks Board (NParks). Implemented at the same time as the Heritage Roads scheme, it is part of a nationwide drive in tree conservation efforts not just within nature reserves, parks, and newly established tree conservation areas, but also anywhere else in the urban and rural environment of Singapore.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Myristicaceae</span> Family of flowering plants

The Myristicaceae are a family of flowering plants native to Africa, Asia, Pacific islands, and the Americas and has been recognized by most taxonomists. It is sometimes called the "nutmeg family", after its most famous member, Myristica fragrans, the source of the spices nutmeg and mace. The best known genera are Myristica in Asia and Virola in the Neotropics.

<i>Larix kaempferi</i> Species of conifer in the pine family Pinaceae

Larix kaempferi, the Japanese larch or karamatsu in Japanese, is a species of larch native to Japan, in the mountains of Chūbu and Kantō regions in central Honshū.

<i>Syzygium jambos</i> Species of fruit and plant

Syzygium jambos is a species of rose apple originating in Southeast Asia and occurring widely elsewhere, having been introduced as an ornamental and fruit tree.

<i>Erythrina variegata</i> Species of tree

Erythrina variegata, commonly known as tiger's claw or Indian coral tree, is a species of Erythrina native to the tropical and subtropical regions of eastern Africa, the Indian subcontinent, northern Australia, and the islands of the Indian Ocean and the western Pacific Ocean east to Fiji.

<i>Syzygium malaccense</i> Species of plant

Syzygium malaccense is a species of flowering tree native to tropical Asia and Australia. It is one of the species cultivated since prehistoric times by the Austronesian peoples. They were carried and introduced deliberately to Remote Oceania as canoe plants. In modern times, it has been introduced throughout the tropics, including many Caribbean countries and territories.

<i>Anisoptera costata</i> Species of tree

Anisoptera costata is an endangered species of plant in the family Dipterocarpaceae. The specific epithet costata means "ribbed", referring to the prominent venation of the leaf blade. A huge emergent tree up to 65 m high, it is found in evergreen and semi-evergreen lowland tropical seasonal forests of Indo-Burma and in mixed dipterocarp forests of Malesia.

<i>Fagraea</i> Genus of plants

Fagraea is a genus of plants in the family Gentianaceae. It includes trees, shrubs, lianas, and epiphytes. They can be found in forests, swamps, and other habitat in Asia, Australia, and the Pacific Islands, with the center of diversity in Malesia.

Shorea obtusa, the Siamese sal, is a species of hardwood tree in the family Dipterocarpaceae, native to Southeast Asia.

<i>Cassia javanica</i> Species of legume

Cassia javanica, also known as Java cassia, pink shower, apple blossom tree and rainbow shower tree, is a species of tree in the family Fabaceae. Its origin is in Southeast Asia, but it has been extensively grown in tropical areas worldwide as a garden tree owing to its beautiful crimson and pink flower bunches.

<i>Cyrtophyllum</i> Genus of flowering plants

Cyrtophyllum is a genus of tropical Asian tree species in the family Gentianaceae and the tribe Potalieae. Species may have previously been placed in the genus Fagraea and can be found in Indo-China and Malesia.

Utania racemosa is a species of flowering plant in the family Gentianaceae. It occurs in Southeast Asia from Sumatera in Indonesia to the Andaman Islands in India. Its wood is used for timber and fuel.

<i>Fagraea cambagei</i> Species of flowering plant

Fagraea cambagei, commonly known as porcelain fruit, pink jitta, or yellowheart, is a plant in the family Gentianaceae which is endemic to rainforested parts of coastal northeast Queensland, Australia.

References

  1. Botanic Gardens Conservation International (BGCI) & IUCN SSC Global Tree Specialist Group (2018). "Cyrtophyllum fragrans". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species . 2018: e.T135891057A135895554. Retrieved 1 January 2024.
  2. POWO: Cyrtophyllum fragrans (Roxb.) DC. (retrieved 12 November 2020)
  3. Tropical plants site description
  4. Hargreaves, Dorothy; Hargreaves, Bob (1970). Tropical Trees of the Pacific . Kailua, Hawaii: Hargreaves. p.  61.