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Catalonia is an autonomous community of Spain, designated as a nationality by its Statute of Autonomy. Most of its territory is situated on the northeast of the Iberian Peninsula, to the south of the Pyrenees mountain range. Catalonia is administratively divided into four provinces or eight vegueries (regions), which are in turn divided into 42 comarques. The capital and largest city, Barcelona, is the second-most populous municipality in Spain and the fifth-most populous urban area in the European Union.
The recorded history of the lands of what today is known as Catalonia begins with the development of the Iberian peoples while several Greek colonies were established on the coast before the Roman conquest. It was the first area of Hispania conquered by the Romans. It then came under Visigothic rule after the collapse of the western part of the Roman Empire. In 718, the area was occupied by the Umayyad Caliphate and became a part of Muslim ruled al-Andalus. The Frankish Empire conquered northern half of the area from the Muslims, ending with the conquest of Barcelona in 801, as part of the creation of a larger buffer zone of Christian counties against Islamic rule historiographically known as the Marca Hispanica. In the 10th century the County of Barcelona became progressively independent from Frankish rule.
Mollerussa is the capital of the comarca of Pla d'Urgell, in the province of Lleida, Catalonia, Spain. It is 250 metres above sea level. In 2010 it had a population of 14,733.
The Republican Left of Catalonia is a pro-Catalan independence, social democratic political party in the Spanish autonomous community of Catalonia, with a presence also in Valencia, the Balearic Islands and the French department of Pyrénées-Orientales. It is also the main sponsor of the independence movement from France and Spain in the territories known as Catalan Countries, focusing in recent years on the creation of a Catalan Republic in Catalonia proper. Its current president is Oriol Junqueras and its secretary-general is Marta Rovira. The party is a member of the European Free Alliance.
Josep Puig i Cadafalch was a Catalan Modernista architect who designed many significant buildings in Barcelona, and a politician who had a significant role in the development of Catalan institutions. He was the architect of the Casa Martí, which became a place of ideas, projects and social gatherings for such well-known Catalans as Santiago Rusiñol and Ramon Casas.
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The Commonwealth of Catalonia was a deliberative assembly made up of the councillors of the four provinces of Catalonia. Promoted in its final stages of gestation by the Regionalist League of Catalonia, it was strongly endorsed by municipal referendum in October 1913.
The Principality of Catalonia was a medieval and early modern state in the northeastern Iberian Peninsula. During most of its history it was in dynastic union with the Kingdom of Aragon, constituting together the Crown of Aragon. Between the 13th and the 18th centuries, it was bordered by the Kingdom of Aragon to the west, the Kingdom of Valencia to the south, the Kingdom of France and the feudal lordship of Andorra to the north and by the Mediterranean Sea to the east. The term Principality of Catalonia was official until the 1830s, when the Spanish government implemented the centralized provincial division, but remained in popular and informal contexts. Today, the term Principat (Principality) is used primarily to refer to the autonomous community of Catalonia in Spain, as distinct from the other Catalan Countries, and usually including the historical region of Roussillon in Southern France.
Vilanova i la Geltrú is the capital city of Garraf comarca, in the province of Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain. Historically, it is the result of the aggregation of the medieval center of La Geltrú with the center built outside the medieval walls, Vilanova. Initially, the lands of Vilanova belonged to Cubelles, the neighboring town. The city of Vilanova i la Geltrú has a growing population of approximately 66,000, and is situated 40 km south-west of Barcelona, with the coastal resort of Sitges some 10 km to the north-east.
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Vallfogona de Riucorb is a municipality and village in the comarca of the Conca de Barberà in central Catalonia, Spain. It is situated in the Comalats range in the north of the comarca, with the Cap de Cans rising to 759 m. Vallfogona village is built on the south bank of the Corb river.
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The Marraco is a dragon or frightening creature in Catalan myth in the city of Lleida. It possessed a mouth wide enough to swallow a human whole according to tales told to frighten children.
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The Catalan Republic was a state proclaimed in 1931 by Francesc Macià as the "Catalan Republic within the Iberian Federation", in the context of the proclamation of the Second Spanish Republic. It was proclaimed on 14 April 1931, and superseded three days later, on 17 April, by the Generalitat de Catalunya, the Catalan institution of self-government within the Spanish Republic.
The Army of the Principality of Catalonia was the army raised by the Junta de Braços of Catalonia on 9 July 1713 after the Peace of Utrecht and the withdrawal of the army of the Holy Roman Empire by the L'Hospitalet Agreement. The army was made up of 10,000 infantry, 1,600 cavalry and 1,000 naval troops. It is not known how many men formed the artillery unit but it did not exceed 700. In total, the army contained 13,000 regular troops.
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References
- ↑ History of the Archdiocese of Tarragona. The Middle Ages Archdiocese of Tarragona Official Website.
- ↑ "History". UDL - Universitat de Lleida. Retrieved 2016-04-13.
- ↑ López Rodríguez, Carlos (April 2007). Mira Editores (ed.). Qué es el Archivo de la Corona de Aragón?. Mira Editores. pp. 32–33, 35–38, 41. ISBN 978-84-8465-220-5.
- ↑ Ulrich Bindseil (2019). Central Banking before 1800: A Rehabilitation. Oxford University Press.
- ↑ Corteguera, Luis R. (2002). For the Common Good: Popular Politics in Barcelona, 1580-1640. Cornell University Press. p. 188. ISBN 0801437806 . Retrieved 27 April 2018.
- ↑ Gelderen, Martin van; Skinner, Quentin (2002). Republicanism: Volume 1, Republicanism and Constitutionalism in Early Modern Europe: A Shared European Heritage. Cambridge University Press. p. 284. ISBN 9781139439619
- ↑ Romea Castro, Celia (1994). Barcelona romántica y revolucionaria: una imagen literaria de la ciudad, década de 1833-1843 (in Spanish). University of Barcelona. p. 122. ISBN 84-475-0462-X.
- ↑ Capdevila, Jaume (May 2012). Cu-cut! Sàtira política en temps trasbalsats: 1902-2012 (PDF) (in Catalan) (Efadós ed.). Barcelona.
{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (link) - 1 2 Arenas 2012.
- ↑ Esculies, Joan (October 2012). "El cavaller de l'ideal". Sàpiens. 121: 22–28.
- ↑ Fontana 2014 , p. 336
- ↑
- ↑ La Vanguardia. 11 November 1934. Inauguración del Museo de Arte de Catalunya
- ↑ Fabregas, Joan P; Tarradellas, Josep (24 October 1936). "Col·lectivitzacions i Control Obrer".
- ↑ History of Televisió de Catalunya Archived 23 September 2020 at the Wayback Machine ccma.cat
- ↑ "Barcelona 1992 Olympic Games". Encyclopedia Britannica. Retrieved 25 July 2017.
- ↑ Leston, Cesar (July 1998). "Catalonia has granted Domestic Partnership rights". ILGA. Archived from the original on 2012-02-27. Retrieved September 14, 2012.
