Timeline of Treblinka extermination camp

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This article presents the timeline of events at Treblinka extermination camp during the most deadly phase of the Holocaust in World War II. [1] [2] [3] [4] [5] All deportations were from German occupied Poland, except where noted. In most cases the number of deportees are not exact figures, but rather approximations.

Contents

Days are listed in chronological order, nevertheless, a number of dates are missing from the below tables which means only that no way bills survived for those particular dates. It does not mean that transports were not arriving or have not been processed from layover yards, when applicable. [1]

Day-by-day

Day #Day of weekDate [1] Number of
Deportees		Deported fromCumulative total deporteesKnown deporteesMajor Events
TuesdayJuly 7, 1942Commandant Irmfried Eberl writes to Heinz Auerswald that Treblinka will be ready to start operations on July 11, 1942.
1WednesdayJuly 22, 19426,500 Warsaw Ghetto 6,500First deportation from Warsaw Ghetto.
2ThursdayJuly 23, 19427,300Warsaw13,800 Leon Finkelstein Treblinka becomes fully operational.
3FridayJuly 24, 19427,400Warsaw21,200
4SaturdayJuly 25, 19427,530Warsaw28,730
5SundayJuly 26, 19426,400Warsaw35,130
6MondayJuly 27, 19426,320Warsaw41,450
7TuesdayJuly 28, 19425,020Warsaw46,470
8WednesdayJuly 29, 19425,480Warsaw51,950
9ThursdayJuly 30, 19426,430Warsaw58,380
10FridayJuly 31, 19426,756Warsaw65,136
11SaturdayAugust 1, 19426,220Warsaw71,356
12SundayAugust 2, 19426,276Warsaw77,632
13MondayAugust 3, 19426,458Warsaw84,090
14TuesdayAugust 4, 19426,568Warsaw90,658
15WednesdayAugust 5, 19426,623Warsaw97,281 Hillel Zeitlin
15WednesdayAugust 5, 194230,000 Radom Ghetto 127,281First train of ghetto liquidation action lasting for two weeks with cumulative number of victims.
16ThursdayAugust 6, 194210,085Warsaw137,366 Janusz Korczak and 200 orphans Fahrplananordnung Nr. 548; Warsaw – Treblinka. [6] [7] One of many:
17FridayAugust 7, 194210,672Warsaw148,038The German food giveaway creates backlog at the unloading ramp. Four transports in two days can not accommodate people lining up at the Umschlagplatz for several days to be "deported" as first, in order to obtain bread. [8]
18SaturdayAugust 8, 19427,304Warsaw155,342
19SundayAugust 9, 19426,292Warsaw161,634
20MondayAugust 10, 19422,158Warsaw163,792
21TuesdayAugust 11, 19427,725Warsaw171,517
22WednesdayAugust 12, 19424,688Warsaw176,205 Luba Lewin
23ThursdayAugust 13, 19424,313Warsaw180,518
24FridayAugust 14, 19425,168Warsaw185,686 Hanna Katznelson
25SaturdayAugust 15, 19423,633Warsaw189,319
26SundayAugust 16, 19424,095Warsaw193,414
27MondayAugust 17, 19424,160Warsaw197,574
28TuesdayAugust 18, 19423,926Warsaw201,500
29WednesdayAugust 19, 19424,000Warsaw205,500
29WednesdayAugust 19, 19426,500 Falenica 212,000
29WednesdayAugust 19, 19427,000 Otwock 219,000
29WednesdayAugust 19, 19421,800 Rembertów 220,800
29WednesdayAugust 19, 19423,000 Jadwisin 223,800
29WednesdayAugust 19, 19423,000 Radzymin 226,800
29WednesdayAugust 19, 19422,200 Wołomin 229,000
29WednesdayAugust 19, 1942700 Jadów 229,700
29WednesdayAugust 19, 19425,500 Parczew 235,200
30ThursdayAugust 20, 19424,000Warsaw239,200
30ThursdayAugust 20, 194221,000 Kielce 260,200
31FridayAugust 21, 19423,000Warsaw263,200
31FridayAugust 21, 19426,120 Mińsk Mazowiecki Ghetto closure269,320
32SaturdayAugust 22, 19423,000Warsaw272,320
32SaturdayAugust 22, 19425,000 Siedlce 277,320
32SaturdayAugust 22, 19423,500 Łosice 280,820
32SaturdayAugust 22, 19423,800 Mordy 284,620
33SundayAugust 23, 19423,000Warsaw287,620 Jankiel Wiernik
34MondayAugust 24, 19423,000Warsaw290,620
35TuesdayAugust 25, 19423,002Warsaw293,622 Abraham Krzepicki
35TuesdayAugust 25, 194211,000 Międzyrzec Podlaski Ghetto 304,622 Abraham Goldfarb Fahrplananordnung Nr. 562; Międzyrzec – Treblinka
36WednesdayAugust 26, 19423,000Warsaw307,622 Odilo Globocnik, Christian Wirth and Josef Oberhauser visit Treblinka. Irmfried Eberl is relieved of command.
37ThursdayAugust 27, 19422,454Warsaw310,07653,750 Warsaw Jews have been deported in the past 15 days. [9]
38FridayAugust 28, 1942Unknown Łuków Fahrplananordnung Nr. 565; Łuków – Treblinka. Odilo Globocnik temporarily suspends deportations to Treblinka. The gas chambers have continually broken down and the burial pits are overflowing with bodies. The SS resorts to shooting incoming Jews in the arrival area of the camp and piling bodies throughout the camp. In August, Globocnik orders Franz Stangl, commandant of Sobibor, to replace Dr. Irmfried Eberl as commandant of Treblinka. Stangl restores order in the camp and supervises the building of new gas chambers, which are operational in early autumn 1942. Transports of Warsaw and Radom Jews begin to arrive again in September 1942. [10]
41MondayAugust 31, 1942Commandant Irmfried Eberl leaves Treblinka.
42TuesdaySeptember 1, 1942 Franz Stangl becomes Commandant of Treblinka II. New, larger gas chambers have been erected to augment older chambers, and commence use. The new chambers are able to kill 12,000 to 15,000 victims every day, [11] with the maximum capacity of 22,000 executions in 24 hours. [12]
44ThursdaySeptember 3, 19424,609Warsaw314,685 Boris Weinberg Warsaw deportations are restarted. New arrivals are processed the next morning. [13]
45FridaySeptember 4, 19421,669Warsaw316,354 Kalman and Tema Taigman [14]
47SundaySeptember 6, 19423,634Warsaw319,988
48MondaySeptember 7, 19426,840Warsaw326,828
49TuesdaySeptember 8, 194213,596Warsaw340,424
50WednesdaySeptember 9, 19426,616Warsaw347,040
50WednesdaySeptember 9, 1942Unknown Częstochowa Ghetto Pinchas Epstein
51ThursdaySeptember 10, 19425,199Warsaw352,239
52FridaySeptember 11, 19425,000Warsaw357,239Jewish-Argentinian inmate Meir Berliner stabs SS-Oberscharführer Max Biala to death in a planned attack. Berliner is then executed by camp officers.
53SaturdaySeptember 12, 19424,806Warsaw362,045 Abraham Krzepicki escapes.
56TuesdaySeptember 15, 19426,000 Kałuszyn 368,045
56TuesdaySeptember 15, 19421,000 Kołbiel 369,045
56TuesdaySeptember 15, 19421,000 Mrozy/Kuflew 370,045
56TuesdaySeptember 15, 1942700 Siennica 370,745
56TuesdaySeptember 15, 1942700 Stanisławów 371,445
56TuesdaySeptember 15, 19421,000? Gniewoszów HMM 372,445
57WednesdaySeptember 16, 19426,000 Jędrzejów 378,445
57WednesdaySeptember 16, 19421,000 Sędziszów 379,445Fahrplananordnung Nr. 587; Sędziszów – Treblinka
57WednesdaySeptember 16, 19421,500 Szczekociny 380,945
57WednesdaySeptember 16, 19425,000 Włoszczowa 385,945
57WednesdaySeptember 16, 19423,000 Wodzisław 388,945
62MondaySeptember 21, 19422,196Warsaw391,141The last transport from the Polish capital. It includes Jewish police forced to help with deportations throughout Grossaktion Warsaw, and their families. [13]
62MondaySeptember 21, 19422,500 Skarżysko-Kamienna 393,641
62MondaySeptember 21, 19424,000 Suchedniów 397,641
62MondaySeptember 21, 1942sums to 40,000 Częstochowa Ghetto Fahrplananordnung Nr. 594; Częstochowa – Treblinka (one of many consecutive transports). The Ghetto clearing took place in three weeks between September 21, 1942, and October 8, 1942. Some 7,000 Jews were deported to Treblinka on this day. Members of the Judenrat were sent from Częstochowa on October 4, 1942 (see below). [15]
63TuesdaySeptember 22, 19425,800 Sokołów Podlaski 403,441 Itka Wlos
63TuesdaySeptember 22, 19428,300 Węgrów 411,741
63TuesdaySeptember 22, 19421,100 Kosów Lacki 412,841
63TuesdaySeptember 22, 19421,100 Sterdyń 413,941
63TuesdaySeptember 22, 19422,000 Stoczek 415,941
64WednesdaySeptember 23, 194210,000 Szydłowiec 425,941Fahrplananordnung Nr. 587 (one of many)
67SaturdaySeptember 26, 19425,000 Siedlce 430,941
67SaturdaySeptember 26, 19424,800 Biała Podlaska 435,741
68SundaySeptember 27, 19421,240 Łaskarzew 436,981Fahrplananordnung Nr. 587
68SundaySeptember 27, 194213,000 Kozienice 449,981Fahrplananordnung Nr. 587
70TuesdaySeptember 29, 194210,000? Zwoleń HMM 459,981
72ThursdayOctober 1, 19422,000 Busko-Zdrój 461,981
72ThursdayOctober 1, 19428,000 Chmielnik 469,981
72ThursdayOctober 1, 19424,000 Nowy Korczyn 473,981
72ThursdayOctober 1, 19423,000 Pacanów 476,981
72ThursdayOctober 1, 19423,000 Pińczów 479,981
72ThursdayOctober 1, 19422,000 Radzyń 481,981
73FridayOctober 2, 19423,440 Parysów 485,421
73FridayOctober 2, 19423,680 Sobienie-Jeziory 489,101
73FridayOctober 2, 19421,640 Sobolew 490,741
73FridayOctober 2, 194210,000 Żelechów 500,741
75SundayOctober 4, 1942continuing Częstochowa Ghetto
76MondayOctober 5, 19427,000 Łuków 507,741Transports unnumbered. Brothers Zygmunt & Oskar Strawczyński arrive from the Łódź Ghetto. Both escape successfully during the uprising; Oskar wrote down his groundbreaking Ten Months in Treblinka in 1943 while in hiding with the Polish rescuers. [16] [17] [18]
76MondayOctober 5, 19421,000 Terezín Ghetto, Czechoslovakia508,741
76MondayOctober 5, 1942continuing Częstochowa Ghetto 548,741
77TuesdayOctober 6, 1942800 Żarki 549,541
77TuesdayOctober 6, 1942Unknown Międzyrzec Podlaski Ghetto
78WednesdayOctober 7, 19421,600 Koniecpol 551,141
78WednesdayOctober 7, 19422,000 Łagów 553,141
79ThursdayOctober 8, 19421,000 Terezín Ghetto, Czechoslovakia554,141 Richard Glazar , Karl Unger , Rudolf Masarek
81SaturdayOctober 10, 194214,000 Radomsko 568,141
82SundayOctober 11, 194211,000 Ostrowiec Świętokrzyski 579,141
86ThursdayOctober 15, 194222,000 Piotrków Ghetto 601,141The "Aktion" at Piotrków lasted for eight days beginning October 14, 1942. The total of 22,000 prisoners were split into four transports which included Jews expelled to Piotrków from Kamieńsk, Przygłów, Sulejów, Srock, Tuszyn, Wolborz and Rozprza. They did not arrive at Treblinka in one day. Among them were Jews from Bełchatów, Kalisz, Gniezno and Płock also deported to Piotrków. [19]

Old gas chambers cease operation and are replaced with new. Meanwhile, mass deportations from Bezirk Bialystok had just begun, and continue until February 19, 1943. In the next four months over 110,000 Jews from Bialystok General District (which includes Nazi counties of Bialystok Land, Bielsk, Grajewo, Grodno, Łomża, Sokółka, and Wolkowysk) are deported to Treblinka and annihilated. [20]
86ThursdayOctober 15, 19421,500 Gozdowice, German Reich602,641
86ThursdayOctober 15, 1942500 Kamieńsk 603,141
86ThursdayOctober 15, 19422,000 Przygłów 605,141
86ThursdayOctober 15, 19421,500 Sulejów 606,641
86ThursdayOctober 15, 19424,500 Starachowice 611,141
86ThursdayOctober 15, 19424,000 Chotcza Nowa 615,141
86ThursdayOctober 15, 1942600 Ciepielów 615,741
86ThursdayOctober 15, 19422,000 Iłża 617,741
86ThursdayOctober 15, 19423,000 Lipsko 620,741
86ThursdayOctober 15, 19422,000 Sienno 622,741
86ThursdayOctober 15, 19427,000 Tarłów 629,741
86ThursdayOctober 15, 19424,000 Wierzbnik, German Reich633,741
86ThursdayOctober 15, 19421,600 Iwaniska 635,341
86ThursdayOctober 15, 19423,300 Ciechanowice, German Reich638,641
86ThursdayOctober 15, 19422,000 Terezín Ghetto, Czechoslovakia640,641
90MondayOctober 19, 19422,000 Terezín Ghetto, Czechoslovakia642,641
91TuesdayOctober 20, 19426,500 Opatów Ghetto 649,141 Samuel Willenberg
92WednesdayOctober 21, 1942 Aron Gelbard escapes.
93ThursdayOctober 22, 194215,000 Tomaszów Mazowiecki 664,141
93ThursdayOctober 22, 19424,000 Biała Rawska 668,141
93ThursdayOctober 22, 19422,000 Orszewice 670,141
93ThursdayOctober 22, 19423,000 Koluszki 673,141
93ThursdayOctober 22, 19423,000 Nowe Miasto nad Pilicą 676,141
93ThursdayOctober 22, 19423,000 Opoczno 679,141
93ThursdayOctober 22, 19424,000 Przysucha 683,141
93ThursdayOctober 22, 19422,000 Terezín Ghetto, Czechoslovakia685,141
96SundayOctober 25, 1942500 Osiek 685,641
102SaturdayOctober 31, 19424,000 Rawa Mazowiecka 689,641
102SaturdayOctober 31, 19422,000 Żarnów 691,641
102SaturdayOctober 31, 1942800 Ujazd, German Reich692,441
102SaturdayOctober 31, 1942900 Ćmielów 693,341
102SaturdayOctober 31, 1942500 Kunów 693,841
102SaturdayOctober 31, 19421,600 Koprzywnica 695,441
102SaturdayOctober 31, 19424,500 Ożarów 699,941
104MondayNovember 2, 19424,330 Siemiatycze 704,271
105TuesdayNovember 3, 19429,000 Końskie 713,271
105TuesdayNovember 3, 19421,000 Gowarczów 714,271
105TuesdayNovember 3, 19424,000 Radoszyce 718,271
107ThursdayNovember 5, 19425,000 Stopnica 723,271
109SaturdayNovember 7, 19426,000 Staszów 729,271
109SaturdayNovember 7, 19423,000 Łuków 732,271
112TuesdayNovember 10, 19421,300 Goniądz 733,571Liquidation of Kielbasin Sammellagger transit camp outside Grodno in the Bezirk Bialystok District, commencing deportation action of up to 28,000 Jews expelled and imprisoned at Kielbasin from 22 surrounding cities and towns of the two sub-districts including Sokolka. The transports arriving at Treblinka started on November 10, 1942, and continued until December 15 for over a month (they did not arrive in one day). The Jews brought for gassing in trains from Kielbasin originated from the following settlements: Goniądz, Trzcianne, Augustów, Grajewo, Rajgród, Szczuczyn, Druskieniki, Jeziory, Lunna, Ostryna, Porzecze, Skidel, Sopockinie, Dąbrowa, Indura, Janow, Krynki, Kuźnica, Korycin, Odelsk, Sidra, Sokółka, Suchowola, and the Grodno Ghetto. Some 9,100 victims among them came from the Borgusze transit camp nearby. [21] [22]
112TuesdayNovember 10, 19421,200 Trzcianne 734,771
112TuesdayNovember 10, 19422,000 Augustów 736,771
112TuesdayNovember 10, 19422,500 Grajewo 739,271
112TuesdayNovember 10, 1942600 Rajgród 739,871
112TuesdayNovember 10, 19421,500 Szczuczyn 741,371
112TuesdayNovember 10, 1942500 Druskininkai, now Lithuania741,871
112TuesdayNovember 10, 19422,000 Jeziory 743,871
112TuesdayNovember 10, 19421,500 Lunna 745,371
112TuesdayNovember 10, 19422,000 Ostrynka 747,371
112TuesdayNovember 10, 19421,000 Porzecze 748,371
112TuesdayNovember 10, 19423,000 Skidal 751,371
112TuesdayNovember 10, 19422,000 Sapotskin, now Belarus753,371
112TuesdayNovember 10, 19421,000 Dąbrowa Białostocka 754,371
112TuesdayNovember 10, 19422,500 Indura 756,871
112TuesdayNovember 10, 1942950 Janów 757,821
112TuesdayNovember 10, 19425,000 Krynki 762,821
112TuesdayNovember 10, 19421,000 Kuźnica 763,821
112TuesdayNovember 10, 19421,000 Korycin 764,821
112TuesdayNovember 10, 1942500 Odelsk 765,321
112TuesdayNovember 10, 1942350 Sidra 765,671
112TuesdayNovember 10, 19428,000 Sokółka 773,671
112TuesdayNovember 10, 19425,100 Suchowola 778,771
112TuesdayNovember 10, 19421,500 Grodno Ghetto, now Belarus780,271
112TuesdayNovember 10, 1942850 Jałówka 781,121Liquidation of Volkovysk transit camp. Deportation of up to 16,300 Jews imprisoned temporarily. Similar to the Sammellagger in Kielbasin, the transports began on November 10, 1942, and continued until December 15, 1942, for over a month (none of them arrived in one day). The Jews brought to Treblinka from Volkovysk camp originated from the ghettos in the following settlements: Jałówka, Lyskow, Mosty, Porozow, Roś, Różana, Swislocz, Wolkovysk, and Wolpa. [21] [22] [23]
112TuesdayNovember 10, 1942600 Lyskow 781,721
112TuesdayNovember 10, 1942350 Mosty 782,071
112TuesdayNovember 10, 19421,000 Porozow 783,071
112TuesdayNovember 10, 19421,000 Ros 784,071
112TuesdayNovember 10, 19423,000 Różana 787,071
112TuesdayNovember 10, 19423,000 Svislach, now Belarus790,071
112TuesdayNovember 10, 19427,000 Vawkavysk, now Belarus797,071
112TuesdayNovember 10, 19421,500 Wolfa 798,571
117SundayNovember 15, 19421,000 Gniewoszów 799,571
122FridayNovember 20, 194240 cars Biala Podlaska    ?From the communiqué published in January 1943 by the Office of Information of the underground Armia Krajowa, based on the observation of locked freight trains passing through with prisoners destined for Treblinka. Meanwhile, 35 cars with goods were sent to the Third Reich on the way back in five days. [24]
123SaturdayNovember 21, 194240 cars Bialystok    ?
124SundayNovember 22, 194240 cars Bialystok    ?
126TuesdayNovember 24, 194240 cars Grodno    ?
132MondayNovember 30, 19421,700 Siedlce 801,271
163ThursdayDecember 31, 1942According to the Höfle Telegram, the cumulative total of deportees to this date was 713,555, and 10,335 had been deported during the two weeks previous to this date. Substantial quantity of November deportations is not in the report. [24]
163ThursdayDecember 31, 1942Escape from the Totenlager (extermination area) via a tunnel. Only Lazar Sharson successfully escapes.
169WednesdayJanuary 6, 19434,000 Radomsko 805,271
173SundayJanuary 10, 19436,000 Sandomierz 811,271
176WednesdayJanuary 13, 19431,500 Radom Ghetto 812,771
176WednesdayJanuary 13, 19435,000 Szydłowiec 817,771
181MondayJanuary 18, 19431,200Warsaw818,971
181MondayJanuary 18, 19431,600 Grodno Ghetto, now Belarus820,571First stage of Grodno Ghetto liquidation under Kriminalkommissar Heinz Errelis who personally shoots at least 100. Over the course of 5 days, dubbed by the Jews "Operation 10,000" results in a total of some 10,000 Jews sent mostly to Auschwitz through Kielbasin Sammellagger transit camp nearby. [25]
182TuesdayJanuary 19, 19431,200Warsaw821,771
183WednesdayJanuary 20, 19431,200Warsaw822,971
184ThursdayJanuary 21, 19431,200Warsaw824,171
185FridayJanuary 22, 19431,200Warsaw825,371
188MondayJanuary 25, 19432,120 Jasionówka 827,491
203TuesdayFebruary 9, 194310,000 Białystok Ghetto 837,491Fahrplananordnung Nr. 552; Bialystok – Treblinka
208SundayFebruary 14, 19434,400 Grodno Ghetto, Belarus841,891Fahrplananordnung Nr. 552; Grodno – Treblinka. Final liquidation of the Ghetto, dubbed "Operation 5,000." Victims are sent in three trains agreed on January 15, 1943, by Berlin. An additional train, Pj 165, leaves Grodno for Treblinka on February 16. [26]
244ThursdayMarch 11, 1943Bulgarian military and police authorities transfer 11,343 Jews from the Bulgarian-occupied Thrace, Macedonia and (Serbian) Pirot to German custody pursuant to a February agreement between the SS and representatives of the Bulgarian government. German SS and police officials deport these Jews to Treblinka, where almost all are gassed or shot upon arrival. [10]
244MondayMarch 22, 19432,338 Skopje, Bulgaria844,229
247ThursdayMarch 25, 19432,402 Skopje, Bulgaria846,631
248FridayMarch 26, 1943Fahrplananordnung Nr. 567; Transport from the Reich
250SundayMarch 28, 1943Telegramm; Transports from Bulgaria and Greece to Treblinka
251MondayMarch 29, 19432,404 Skopje, Bulgaria849,035
272MondayApril 19, 19437,000Warsaw856,035Result of the Warsaw Ghetto Uprising
283FridayMay 1, 1943 Wegrów Berek Lajcher, Treblinka revolt leaderFinal Wegrów Ghetto liquidation
377MondayAugust 2, 1943Treblinka revolt erupts. Some 300 prisoners performing forced labor – aware that the SS will soon kill them – stage an uprising after the initial date of the revolt set for June 15 was postponed due to grenade detonation at the undressing area. Prisoners quietly seize weapons from the camp armory, set fire to barracks, and storm the main gate. Hundreds attempt to climb the barbed-wire fence, but the SS with Trawniki guards kill two-thirds of them with machine-gun fire. Less than a hundred escape successfully, chased in cars and on horses. Camp deportations and gassing operations halt the following month. [10]
393WednesdayAugust 18, 1943 Białystok Ghetto Result of the Białystok Ghetto Uprising. [10] Fahrplananordnung Nr. 290; Bialystok – Treblinka.
394ThursdayAugust 19, 19437,600 Białystok Ghetto 863,635+7,600 over the two days.Last Jewish transport to Treblinka. All of the deportees on the transport are killed upon arrival. [10]

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Julian Chorążycki served as doctor-in-chief of the infantry regiment in the Polish Army during the reconstitution of sovereign Poland. In the interwar period, he was a throat surgeon practising in Warsaw. Born Jewish, Chorążycki spent two years in the Warsaw Ghetto. During the Holocaust in Poland he became the first leader of the perilous prisoner uprising at the Treblinka extermination camp. On August 2, 1943 – after the long period of preparation posing an immediate threat to life – an armed revolt in Treblinka erupted, however, Chorążycki killed himself on April 19, 1943, when faced with imminent capture, to avoid revealing details of the uprising and its participants under torture.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Berek Lajcher</span>

Berek Lajcher was a Jewish physician and social activist from Wyszków before the Holocaust in Poland, remembered for his leadership in the prisoner uprising at Treblinka extermination camp. More than 800,000 Jews, as well as unknown numbers of Romani people, were murdered at Treblinka in the course of Operation Reinhard in World War II.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Willi Mentz</span>

SS-UnterscharführerWilli Bruno Mentz was a member of the German SS in World War II and a Holocaust perpetrator who worked at Treblinka extermination camp during the Operation Reinhard phase of the Holocaust in Poland. Mentz was known as "Frankenstein" at the camp.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Trawniki men</span> Nazi military unit

During World War II, Trawniki men were Central and Eastern European Nazi collaborators, consisting of either volunteers or recruits from prisoner-of-war camps set up by Nazi Germany for Soviet Red Army soldiers captured in the border regions during Operation Barbarossa launched in June 1941. Thousands of these volunteers served in the General Government territory of German-occupied Poland until the end of World War II. Trawnikis belonged to a category of Hiwis, Nazi auxiliary forces recruited from native subjects serving in various jobs such as concentration camp guards.

References

  1. 1 2 3 Clancy Young, "Treblinka Death Camp Day-by-Day" H.E.A.R.T - Holocaust Education & Archive Research Team. Tables with record of daily deportations. Retrieved 5 November 2015 via Internet Archive
  2. ↑ Arad, Yitzhak. Belzec, Sobibor, Treblinka Indiana University Press, Bloomington and Indianapolis, 1987.
  3. ↑ Gutman, Israel, The Jews of Warsaw 1939–43. The Harvester Press, Brighton, 1982.
  4. ↑ Biuletyn Glownej Komisji Badania Zbrodni Hitlerowskich W Polsce – Wydawnictwo Prawnicze, 1960.
  5. ↑ Donat, Alexander, The Death Camp Treblinka. Holocaust Library, New York, 1979.
  6. ↑ Friedländer, Saul. The Years of Extermination: Nazi Germany and the Jews, 1939-1945 (2007). Page 430.
  7. ↑ Abraham Lewin. A Cup of Tears: A Diary of the Warsaw Ghetto, ed. Antony Polonsky (Oxford, 1988), p. 148.
  8. ↑ The Warsaw Ghetto Uprising by Marek Edelman
  9. ↑ Jewish Virtual Library, Chronology of Jewish Persecution: 1942 West Bloomfield, MI. Source: Holocaust Memorial Center
  10. 1 2 3 4 5 Treblinka: Chronology
  11. ↑ Treblinka Death Camp, with photographs Archived 2012-03-22 at the Wayback Machine , Ounsdale, PDF (2.2 MB)
  12. ↑ David E. Sumler, A history of Europe in the twentieth century. Dorsey Press, ISBN   0-256-01421-3.
  13. 1 2 Arad, Yitzhak. Ibidem. Page 97.
  14. ↑ BBC History of World War II. Auschwitz; Inside the Nazi State. Part 3, Factories of Death.
  15. ↑ Robert Kuwalek and Carmelo Lisciotto (2007). "Czestochowa". H.E.A.R.T. HolocaustResearchProject.org. Retrieved 10 May 2014. By June 1942 the ghetto's population had increased to around 40-50,000.
  16. ↑ Emil Kerenji (2014). Jewish Responses to Persecution: 1942–1943. Rowman & Littlefield. pp. 46, 53, 76/77. ISBN   978-1442236271 . Retrieved 21 December 2014.
  17. ↑ ARC (22 April 2006). "Strawczynski / Strawczynski, Oscar, Zygmunt, Guta and Abus". Treblinka Roll of Remembrance. DeathCamps.org. Retrieved 21 December 2014.
  18. ↑ Oscar Strawczynski (1943). "Ten Months in Treblinka! The Oscar Strawczynski Story". H.E.A.R.T 2009. HolocaustResearchProject.org. Retrieved 21 December 2014.
  19. ↑ H.E.A.R.T (2007). "Piotrkow Trybunalski: The First Ghetto in Occupied Poland". HolocaustResearchProject.org. Retrieved May 10, 2014.
  20. ↑ Yitzhak Arad (1999). Belzec, Sobibor, Treblinka: The Operation Reinhard Death Camps . Indiana University Press. p.  134. ISBN   0-253-21305-3 . Retrieved July 5, 2011. The deportations from Bialystok General District to Treblinka.
  21. 1 2 "Kielbasin Transit Camp". Cities and Towns Where Those in Kielbasin Came From. 2014 Geni.com. Retrieved 9 May 2014.
  22. 1 2 Arad, pp. 392-395. "Kelbasin: November 10 - December 15, 1942 (38,900 victims)". Deportatitions to Treblinka From The Generalgouvernement and Bialystok General District. KehilaLinks.JewishGen.org - Information about the Deportation Statistics. Retrieved 9 May 2014.
  23. ↑ "The German occupation - 4: temporary camp outside the city of Wolkowysk". Liquidation of the Ghettos and the Deportations to the Camps (November 2, 1942—March 12, 1942). Lost Jewish Worlds. Retrieved 9 May 2014.
  24. 1 2 Yitzhak Arad (1999), p.356.
  25. ↑ The People vs. Kurt Wiese and Heinz Errelis Accused of Murder. Verdict and Judgment. Cologne District Court, Federal Republic of Germany, June 27, 1968. See: "Operation 10,000" in chapter "Deportation of Jews from Grodno."
  26. ↑ Excerpts from the Bielefelf Trial. Final Verdict. Cologne District Court, Federal Republic of Germany, 1968. See: "Operation 5,000" in chapter "The Final Liquidation and Removal, February 1943."
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