Torpedosporaceae

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Torpedosporaceae
Scientific classification
Kingdom:
Fungi
Division:
Ascomycota
Class:
Sordariomycetes
Subclass:
Hypocreomycetidae
Order:
Torpedosporales

E.B.G. Jones, Abdel-Wahab & K.L. Pang, Fungal Divers. 73(1): 42 (2015) [1]
Family:
Torpedosporaceae

E.B.G. Jones & K.L. Pang, Cryptogamie, Mycologie 35(2): 135 (2014)
Type genus
Torpedospora

Torpedosporaceae is a monotypic family of ascomycetous marine based fungi within the order of Torpedosporales in the subclass Hypocreomycetidae and within the class Sordariomycetes. [3] [4] They are saprobic on intertidal mangrove wood and roots, bark leaves, and sand in various marine habitats.

Contents

Genera

The Torpedosporaceae family only contains the one genus, Torpedospora (with the following 3 species); [5]

Note, former genus and species Glomerulispora mangroveiAbdel-Wahab & Nagah. (2010) = Torpedospora mangrovei

In 2022, Torpedospora yanbuensis was published, [8] but as of September 2023, it had not yet been generally accepted.

History

In an attempt to clarify the phylogeny of the genera Swampomyces Kohlm. & Volkm.-Kohlm. and TorpedosporaMeyers, Sakayaroj et al. (2005) recognised a distinct lineage of marine Ascomycota within the class Sordariomycetes, [9] that was then named TBM (Torpedospora/Bertia/Melanospora ) clade (Schoch et al. 2007). [10] Following a re-evaluation of the marine fungi affiliated to the TBM clade, together with the terrestrial genus of Falcocladium , new families were introduced to accommodate its four subclades: Juncigenaceae, Etheirophoraceae, Falcocladiaceae, and Torpedosporaceae, which all belonging to the order Torpedosporales (Jones et al. 2014; [11] Abdel-Wahab et al. 2018). [12] Then based on a study of phylogeny and morphological data, Maharachchikumbura et al. (2015) then introduced the order Falcocladiales (Falcocladiaceae) under the class Sordariomycetes. [13] [14]

The family of Torpedosporaceae was introduced with two Torpedospora species and Glomerulispora mangrovis (an asexual morph), based on molecular analysis of partial sequences of the nuclear SSU and LSU ribosomal DNA (Jones et al. 2014). [11] Hence, the family then comprised two genera: Torpedospora and Glomerulispora (Jones et al. 2014). [11] However, Glomerulispora mangrovei, was later grouped with the two Torpedospora species such that these generic names are considered synonyms (Abdel-Wahab et al. 2010, [15] Jones et al. 2015). [1] Based on the widespread utility of Torpedospora and its priority, the use of Torpedospora over Glomerulispora was recommended by Réblová et al. (2016). [16] The family groups were placed in the Hypocreomycetidae subclass, in order incertae sedis (Jones et al. 2014, Maharachchikumbura et al. 2015b). [13] Subsequently, Jones et al. (2015) had referred the family to a new order of Torpedosporales, [1] and this was followed by Maharachchikumbura et al. (2016b) [17] and Wijayawardene et al. (2018a). [18]

Description

Members within the family of Torpedosporaceae generally have a sexual morph, which has a perithecial (flask shaped structured) ascomata, which is hyaline (glass-like), immersed or superficial. They are subglobose (in shape), ostiolate (having an ostiole, a small hole or opening), papillate (covered in small hairs), subcarbonaceous to coriaceous (leather-like). They have a narrow paraphyses (filament-like support structure), which is irregular, persistent or early deliquescing (dissolving into a liquid state). They have an 8-spored asci, which is unitunicate (single-walled), thin-walled, clavate (club-shapped) to ellipsoidal, short pedicellate (small stemmed) and lacking an apical ring. They also have an early deliquescing. The ascospores are fasciculate (bundled), hyaline, cylindrical to ellipsoidal (in shape). They are 3–5-septate (divided into sections), with several radiating appendages at one or both ends. They also have a sexual morph, which is hyphomycetous (they produce conidia on hyphae). Th hyphae are septate, branched and hyaline. The conidiophores are present or obsolete, cylindrical (in form), clavate, septate or aseptate, acrogenous (increasing by growth from the extremity) or laterally on the hyphae. They are also hyaline to light brown in shade. The conidia are holoblastic (they divide into smaller cells) and are irregularly helicoid (spiral shaped), muriform (chambered), with the cells of the conidia tightly fused and more or less similar in size and colour. The conidia are also acrogenous, solitary, constricted at the septa and yellow to brown (in colour). They can also have up to 50 conidial cells. [17] [5]

Distribution

It has a scattered, marine based cosmopolitan distribution. [19] Including places such as the Red Sea, [8] near Singapore, [20] and near Malaysia. [21]

For example, species Torpedospora radiata has been recorded as found in (or near) Australia, Bahamas, Belize, Brazil, Brunei, Egypt, France, Galapagos, Hong Kong, India, Indonesia, Italy, Ivory Coast, Japan, Kuwait, Liberia, Malaysia, Martinique, Mexico, [22] New Zealand, [23] Norway, Philippines, Portugal, Republic of Trinidad and Tobago, Samoa, Saudi Arabia, [24] Seychelles, Sierra Leone, the Society Islands, Sri Lanka, Spain, Taiwan, Thailand, USA and Wales. [7]

Habitat

Torpedospora radiata generally occurs on decorticated wood (with removed bark). It has also been found on dead mangrove wood, sand, seagrasses, dead leaves, dead bamboo and driftwood. [7] [24] Although, it has rarely been reported in the colonization of submerged wood in the sea (Tan et al. 1989; Alias and Jones 2000). [20] [21]

Related Research Articles

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Hypocreales</span> Order of fungi

The Hypocreales are an order of fungi within the class Sordariomycetes. In 2008, it was estimated that it contained some 237 genera, and 2647 species in seven families. Since then, a considerable number of further taxa have been identified, including an additional family, the Stachybotryaceae. Wijayawardene et al. in 2020 added more families and genera to the order. According to the Catalog of Life, As of April 2021 the Hypocreales contains 6 families, 137 genera, and 1411 species. Hyde et al. (2020a) listed 14 families under Hypocreales, while, Wijayawardene et al. (2022) accepted 15 families in the order, where Cylindriaceae was additionally added. Earlier, Hyde et al. (2020a) had placed Cylindriaceae in class Xylariomycetidae. Samarakoon et al. (2022) agreed. Hence, Cylindriaceae should have been excluded from Hypocreales and placed in Xylariomycetidae. Xiao et al. (2022) recently introduced a new family Polycephalomycetaceae to Hypocreales.

The Halosphaeriaceae are a family of fungi in the Sordariomycetes class, subclass Hypocreomycetidae. Halosphaeriaceae is the family with the largest number of marine fungi with a few species are from freshwater and terrestrial habitats.

Jobellisia is a genus of fungi within the monotypic family Jobellisiaceae and the monotypic order Jobellisiales and also the subclass Hypocreomycetidae, and class Sordariomycetes. The genus was circumscribed by Margaret Elizabeth Barr-Bigelow in 1993 with Jobellisia luteola as the type species. It contains species that grow on dead wood and bark in tropical and temperate regions of the Northern Hemisphere.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Bionectriaceae</span> Family of fungi

The Bionectriaceae are a family of fungi in the order Hypocreales. A 2008 estimate places 35 genera and 281 species in the family. Species in the family tend to grow on plant material, including woody debris, while some species associate with algae, bryophytes, or other fungi.

The Trichosphaeriales are an order of sac fungi. It is monotypic, and consists of the single family, the Trichosphaeriaceae. In 2017, the family of Trichosphaeriaceae was placed in Diaporthomycetidae families incertae sedis, which was accepted by Wijayawardene et al. (2018), and Wijayawardene et al. 2020. The order of Trichosphaeriales was also unplaced. They are generally saprobic and pathogenic on plants, commonly isolated from herbivore dung.

<i>Melanospora</i> Genus of fungi

Melanospora is a genus of fungi within the Ceratostomataceae family.

Gliomastix is a genus of fungi belonging to the family Bionectriaceae.

Lulworthiomycetidae is a subclass of Sordariomycetes.

Savoryellomycetidae is a subclass of sac fungi within the class of Sordariomycetes. It contains 4 known orders of Conioscyphales, Fuscosporellales, Pleurotheciales and Savoryellales.

Conioscyphales is an order of freshwater and terrestrial fungi within the division Ascomycota. It is in the subclass Savoryellomycetidae and the class Sordariomycetes and the subdivision of Pezizomycotina.

Fuscosporellales is an order of fungi within the phylum of Ascomycota and in the class Sordariomycetes and subdivision of Pezizomycotina.

Savoryellaceae is a family of aquatic based fungi. It is the only family in the monotypic order Savoryellales within the class Sordariomycetes, division Ascomycota.

Savoryella is a genus of freshwater and marine based fungi in the family Savoryellaceae and the order Savoryellales.

Savoryella lignicola is a species of marine and freshwater based fungi in the Savoryellaceae family of the order Savoryellales. They are saprobic on submerged wood.

Pleurotheciaceae is a family of ascomycetous fungi within the monotypic order of Pleurotheciales in the subclass Savoryellomycetidae and within the class Sordariomycetes.

Pararamichloridium is a genus of fungi in the monotypic family Pararamichloridiaceae and within the monotypic order of Pararamichloridiales and also in the subclass Hypocreomycetidae. They are saprobic on wood in terrestrial and freshwater habitats.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Torpedosporales</span> Order of fungi

The Torpedosporales are an order of marine based fungi in the class Sordariomycetes, subclass Hypocreomycetidae. Most are found on wood substrates in the water.

Etheirophoraceae is a family of ascomycetous marine based fungi within the order of Torpedosporales in the subclass Hypocreomycetidae and within the class Sordariomycetes. They are saprobic on intertidal wood and bark within marine habitats.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Juncigenaceae</span> Family of fungi

Juncigenaceae is a family of ascomycetous marine based fungi within the order of Torpedosporales in the subclass Hypocreomycetidae and within the class Sordariomycetes. They are saprobic to intertidal wood, within mangrove forests and other herbaceous wood and roots, bark, leaves in various marine habitats.

Falcocladium is a genus of fungi, within the monotypic family FalcocladiaceaeSomrith., E.B.G. Jones & K.L. Pang, and within the monotypic order FalcocladialesR.H. Perera, Maharachch., Somrith., Suetrong & K.D. Hyde, within the class Dothideomycetes. They are saprobic on leaf litter, including the leaves of Eucalyptus grandis and Eucalyptus camaldulensis in tropical and terrestrial habitats.

References

  1. 1 2 3 Jones, E.B.G.; Suetrong, S.; Sakayaroj, J.; Bahkali, A.H.; Abdel-Wahab, M.A.; Boekhout, T.; Pang, K.L. (2015). "An updated classification of marine Ascomycota, Basidiomycota, Blastocladiomycota and Chytridiomycota". Fungal Diversity. 73: 1–72. doi:10.1007/s13225-015-0339-4. S2CID   256066564.
  2. ↑ Meyers, Mycologia 49: 496, 1957
  3. ↑ Wijayawardene, Nalin; Hyde, Kevin; Al-Ani, Laith Khalil Tawfeeq; Somayeh, Dolatabadi; Stadler, Marc; Haelewaters, Danny; et al. (2020). "Outline of Fungi and fungus-like taxa". Mycosphere. 11: 1060–1456. doi: 10.5943/mycosphere/11/1/8 . hdl: 10481/61998 .
  4. ↑ Wijayawardene, N.N.; Hyde, K.D.; Dai, D.Q.; Sánchez-García, M.; Goto, B.T.; Saxena, R.K.; et al. (2022). "Outline of Fungi and fungus-like taxa – 2021". Mycosphere. 13 (1): 53–453 [160]. doi: 10.5943/mycosphere/13/1/2 . hdl: 10481/76378 . S2CID   249054641.
  5. 1 2 Hyde, Kevin D.; Norphanphoun, C.; Maharachchikumbura, S.S.N.; Bhat, D.J.; Jones, E.B.G.; Bundhun, D.; Chen, Y.J.; Bao, D.F.; Boonmee, S.; Calabon, M.S.; Chaiwan, N.; Chethana, K.W.T.; Dai, D.Q.; Dayarathne, M.C.; Devadatha, B.; Dissanayake, A.J.; Dissanayake, L.S.; Doilom, M.; Dong, W.; Fan, X.L.; Goonasekara, I.D.; Hongsanan, S.; Huang, S.K.; Jayawardena, R.S.; Jeewon, R.; Karunarathna, A.; Konta, S.; Kumar, V.; Lin, C.G.; Liu, J.K.; Liu, N.G.; Luangsa-ard, J.; Lumyong, S.; Luo, Z.L.; Marasinghe, D.S.; McKenzie, E.H.C.; Niego, A.G.T.; Niranjan, M.; Perera, R.H.; Phukhamsakda, C.; Rathnayaka, A.R.; Samarakoon, M.C.; Samarakoon, S.M.B.C.; Sarma, V.V.; Senanayake, I.C.; Shang, Q.J.; Stadler, M.; Tibpromma, S.; Wanasinghe, D.N.; Wei, D.P.; Wijayawardene, N.N.; Xiao, Y.P.; Yang, J.; Zeng, X.Y.; Zhang, S.N.; Xiang, M.M. (2020). "Refined families of Sordariomycetes". Mycosphere. 11: 305–1059. doi: 10.5943/mycosphere/11/1/7 . hdl: 10033/622756 .
  6. ↑ Meyers, Mycologia 49: 496 (1957)
  7. 1 2 3 "radiata :: Marine Fungi". marinefungi.org. Retrieved 15 July 2023.
  8. 1 2 Abdel-Wahab, Mohamed; Jones, E. B. G.; Elgorban, Abdallah M.; Bahkali, Ali H. (September 2022). "Torpedospora yanbuensis sp. nov. (Torpedosporales, Sordariomycetes), a new marine fungus from the Red Sea mangroves, Saudi Arabia". Nova Hedwigia. 115 (3–4): 3–4. doi:10.1127/nova_hedwigia/2022/0714. S2CID   252508699.
  9. ↑ Sakayaroj, J.; Pang, KL; Jones, EBG; Phongpaichit, S.; Vrijmoed, L.L.P.; Abdel-Wahab, M.A. (2005). "A systematic reassessment of the marine ascomycetes Torpedospora and Swampomyces". Botanica Marina. 48 (5–6): 395–406. doi:10.1515/bot.2005.053.
  10. ↑ Schoch, C.L.; Sung, G.H.; Volkmann-Kohlmeyer, B.; Kohlmeyer, J.; Spatafora, J.W. (2007). "Marine fungal lineages in the Hypocreomycetidae". Mycological Research. 111 (2): 154–162. doi:10.1016/j.mycres.2006.10.005. PMID   17161942.
  11. 1 2 3 Jones, E.B.G.; Suetrong, S.; Cheng, W.H.; Rungjindamai, N.; Sakayaroj, Jariya; Boonyuen, Nattawut; Somrithipol, Sayanh; Abdel-Wahab, Mohamed; Pang, Ka-Lai (2014). "An additional fungal lineage in the Hypocreomycetidae (Falcocladium species) and the taxonomic revaluation of Chaetosphaeria chaetosa and Swampomyces species, based on morphology, ecology and phylogeny". Cryptogamie, Mycologie. 35 (2): 119–138. doi:10.7872/crym.v35.iss2.2014.119. S2CID   83583293.
  12. ↑ Abdel-Wahab, Mohamed A.; El-Samawaty, Abd El-Rahim M.A.; El Gorban, Abdallah M.; Yassin, Mohamed A.; Alsaadi, Marzouq H. (27 February 2018). "Khaleijomyces marinus gen. et sp. nov. (Juncigenaceae, Torpedosporales) a new lignicolous marine fungus from Saudi Arabia". Phytotaxa. 340 (3). doi:10.11646/phytotaxa.340.3.8.
  13. 1 2 Maharachchikumbura, S.S.N.; Hyde, Kevin D.; Jones, E.B.G.; McKenzie, E.H.C.; Huang, S.K.; Abdel-Wahab, M.A.; Daranagama, D.A.; Dayarathne, M.; D’Souza, M.J.; Goonasekara, I.D.; Hongsanan, S.; Jayawardena, R.S.; Kirk, P.M.; Konta, S; Liu, J.K.; Liu, Z.Y.; Norphanphoun, C.; Pang, K.L.; Perera, R.H.; Senanayake, I.C.; Shang, Q.J.; Shenoy, B.D.; Xiao, Y.P.; Bahkali, A.H.; Kang, J.C.; Somrothipol, S.; Suetrong, S.; Wen, T.C.; Xu, J.C. (2015). "Towards a natural classification and backbone tree for Sordariomycetes". Fungal Diversity. 72: 199–301. doi:10.1007/s13225-015-0331-z. S2CID   256072233.
  14. ↑ Poli, Anna; Bovio, Elena; Verkley, Gerard; Prigione, Valeria; Varese, Giovanna Cristina (2019). "Elbamycellarosea gen. et sp. nov. (Juncigenaceae, Torpedosporales) isolated from the Mediterranean Sea". MycoKeys. 55: 15–28. doi: 10.3897/mycokeys.55.35522 . PMC   6595004 . PMID   31274984. 31274984.
  15. ↑ Abdel-Wahab, M.A.; Pang, K.L.; Nagahama, T.; Abdel-Aziz, F.A.; Jones, E.B.G. (2010). "Phylogenetic evaluation of anamorphic species of Cirrenalia and Cumulospora with the description of eight new genera and four new species". Mycological Progress. 9 (4): 537–558. Bibcode:2010MycPr...9..537A. doi:10.1007/s11557-010-0661-x. S2CID   25491728.
  16. ↑ Réblová, Martina; Seifert, K.A.; Fournier, J.; Štěánek, V. (2015). "Newly recognised lineages of perithecial ascomycetes: the new orders Conioscyphales and Pleurotheciales". Persoonia. 37: 57–81. doi:10.3767/003158516X689819. PMC   5315292 . PMID   28232761.
  17. 1 2 Maharachchikumbura, Sajeewa S. N.; Hyde, Kevin D.; Jones, E. B. Gareth; McKenzie, E. H. C.; Bhat, Jayarama D.; Dayarathne, Monika C.; Huang, Shi-Ke; Norphanphoun, Chada; Senanayake, Indunil C. (2016-06-03). "Families of Sordariomycetes". Fungal Diversity. 79 (1): 1–317. doi:10.1007/s13225-016-0369-6. ISSN   1560-2745. S2CID   256070646.
  18. ↑ Wijayawardene, N.N. (2018). "Notes for genera: basal clades of fungi (including Aphelidiomycota, Basidiobolomycota, Blastocladiomycota, Calcarisporiellomycota, Caulochytriomycota, Chytridiomycota, Entomophthoromycota, Glomeromycota, Kickxellomycota, Monoblepharomycota, Mortierellomycota, Mucoromycota, Neocallimastigomycota, Olpidiomycota, Rozellomycota and Zoopagomycota)" (PDF). Fungal Diversity. 92: 43–129. doi:10.1007/s13225-018-0409-5. S2CID   256063936.
  19. ↑ "Torpedosporaceae". www.gbif.org. Retrieved 14 July 2023.
  20. 1 2 Tan, T.K.; Leong, W.F.; Jones, E.B.G. (1989). "Succession of fungi on wood of Avicennia alba and Avicennia lanata in Singapore". Canadian Journal of Botany. 67: 2686–2691. doi:10.1139/b89-346.
  21. 1 2 Alias, S.A.; Jones, E.B.G. (2000). "Colonization of mangrove wood by marine fungi at Kuala Selangor mangrove stand.". In Hyde, Kevin D.; Ho, W.H.; Pointing, S.B. (eds.). Aquatic Mycology across the Millennium. Hong Kong.: Fungal Diversity Press. pp. 9–21.
  22. ↑ Darryl L. Felder and David K. Camp (editors) Gulf of Mexico Origin, Waters, and Biota: Biodiversity, Volume 1 (2009) , p. 85, at Google Books
  23. ↑ "Provider Name Details". www.nzor.org.nz. Retrieved 8 September 2023.
  24. 1 2 Abdel-Wahab, Mohamed; Hodhod, Mohamed S.; Bahkali, Ali; Jones, E.B.G. (August 2014). "Marine fungi of Saudi Arabia". Botanica Marina. 57 (4): 323–335. doi:10.1515/bot-2014-0010. S2CID   85770936.
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