Trans*

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Trans* is a neologism and conceptual term that refers to a deliberately open-ended cluster of meanings, often used to describe gender-expansive identities, ontological frameworks, and critiques of hegemonic gender systems. The asterisk denotes inclusivity and fluidity, signaling a departure from static definitions of “transgender” and allowing space for multiple identities, histories, and theoretical orientations to co-exist under a shared but non-uniform umbrella. [1]

Contents

Etymology and Usage

The term trans* emerged in the early 21st century within activist, academic, and online communities. For some, it operates as an umbrella term encompassing identities such as transgender, transsexual, genderqueer, agender, and genderfluid. However, in academic contexts—particularly within philosophy, critical theory, education, and ethnic studies—trans* functions less as a category and more as a critical orientation or analytic that interrogates the structures of gender, power, and knowledge production, especially as they relate to trans people of color. [2] [3] [4]

Theoretical Approaches

Ontological and Epistemological Frameworks

Within critical theory, trans* has been mobilized as a tool to question the ontological assumptions embedded in mainstream gender and transgender studies. Education philosophers such Omi Salas-SantaCruz argue that trans* is not merely a variation of gender identity but a rejection of colonial knowledge and their accompanying views on being, personhood, and embodiment. [5] [6]

In Black Trans Studies*, for example, the concept of Blackness as historically constructed as “nonhuman” is reframed as a null gender category, emphasizing the epistemic violence of colonial humanism and the ontological exclusion of Black trans people.[2] Similarly, decolonial scholars like PJ DiPietro frame trans* as a methodology that destabilizes Western knowledge systems and affirms pluralist genealogies of gender, including Indigenous, Afro-diasporic, and diasporic Latinx frameworks.[3] [7]

Coloniality and Assemblages

Decolonial trans* scholars emphasize the role of coloniality—of power, being, knowledge, and gender—in shaping what we now understand as gender nonconformity.[6][8] Rather than viewing trans* identities as emerging solely from modern Western frameworks, scholars argue that trans* highlights historical and transnational refusals of colonial gender regimes and foregrounds the assemblages of being that emerge from these refusals.[7][9] [8] [9]

Social Progression and Movement Analysis

Trans* scholarship also traces the evolution of community formation and online activism. Eli Erlick and Emily Keener examine how digital spaces have enabled the formation of youth-led trans* movements, challenging isolation and expanding cultural narratives around gender.[26][27] Marquis Bey and others bring abolitionist frameworks into conversation with trans* studies to theorize liberation outside the confines of state-sanctioned identity categories.[14] [10] [11] [12]

Global and Decolonial Considerations

One of the central interventions of trans* is its challenge to the assumption that “transgender” identity is universal. Scholars emphasize that gender systems vary widely across cultures and histories, and what may be termed a “third gender” elsewhere should not be collapsed into Western transgender paradigms. Trans* thus becomes a tool to provincialize U.S.-centric understandings and to recognize the divergent ontologies of gender across the world. [13] [14]

[15] [16] [17] [18] [19] [20]

See also

References

  1. ↑ "The OED Just Added the Word 'Trans*.' Here's What It Means". TIME. 2018-04-03. Retrieved 2024-04-10.
  2. ↑ Ellison, T., Green, K. M., Richardson, M., & Snorton, C. R. (2017). We have issues Toward black trans*/studies. Transgender Studies Quarterly, 4(2), 162-169.
  3. ↑ DiPietro, P. J. (2019). Beyond benevolent violence: Trans* of color, ornamental multiculturalism, and the decolonization of affect. Speaking face to face: The visionary philosophy of María Lugones, 197-216.
  4. ↑ Salas-SantaCruz, O. (2021). Queer and trans* of color critique, decolonization, and education. In Oxford Research Encyclopedia of Education.
  5. ↑ Salas-SantaCruz, O. (2024). What is Decolonial Trans* Feminism and What Can It Do for Queer/Trans BIPOC Education Research? Reimagining Knowledge and Identity through the Convergence of Decolonial and Trans* Feminism. Journal of Queer and Trans Studies in Education, 1(1), 4.
  6. ↑ DiPietro, P. J. P. (2020). Neither Humans, Nor Animals, Nor Monsters: Decolonizing Transgender Embodiments [Spanish]. eidos, (34), 254-291.
  7. ↑ Silva Santana, D. (2017). Transitionings and returnings: Experiments with the poetics of transatlantic water. Transgender Studies Quarterly, 4(2), 181-190.
  8. ↑ Stryker, S. (2008). Transgender history, homonormativity, and disciplinarity. Radical history review, (100).
  9. ↑ "trans*". Oxford English Dictionary. doi:10.1093/OED/1020389239 . Retrieved 2025-02-06.
  10. ↑ Salas-SantaCruz, O. (2023). Decoloniality & trans* of color educational criticism. Theory, Research, and Action in Urban Education, 8(1). https://traue.commons.gc.cuny.edu/decoloniality-trans-of-color-educational-criticism
  11. ↑ Salas-SantaCruz, O. (2021). “Queer and Trans* of Color Critique, Decolonization, and Education.” In Cris Mayo (ed.), Oxford Encyclopedia of Gender and Sexuality in Education. New York: Oxford University Press. https://doi.org/10.1093/acrefore/9780190264093.013.1336
  12. ↑ Salas-SantaCruz, O. (2022). Trans* Ethnic Studies. Encyclopedia of Queer Studies in Education, 691.
  13. ↑ DiPietro, P. J. (2019). Beyond benevolent violence: Trans* of color, ornamental multiculturalism, and the decolonization of affect. Speaking face to face: The visionary philosophy of María Lugones, 197-216.
  14. ↑ Salas-SantaCruz, O. (2023). Nonbinary epistemologies: Refusing colonial amnesia and erasure of Jotería and Trans* Latinidades. WSQ: Women's Studies Quarterly, 51(3), 78-93.
  15. ↑ Lopez, Alan Pelaez (March 2023). "trans*imagination". Women's Studies Quarterly. 51 (1–2): 233–240. doi:10.1353/wsq.2023.0019. Project MUSE   886236 ProQuest   2792102590.
  16. ↑ Green, Kai M. (2016). "Troubling the Waters: Mobilizing a Trans* Analytic". In Johnson, E. Patrick (ed.). No Tea, No Shade: New Writings in Black Queer Studies. Duke University Press. pp. 65–82. doi:10.1515/9780822373711-006. ISBN   978-0-8223-7371-1.
  17. ↑ Bey, Marquis (2022). Black trans feminism. Black outdoors: innovations in the poetics of study. Durham London: Duke University Press. ISBN   978-1-4780-2242-8.[ page needed ]
  18. ↑ Rucovsky, Martin De Mauro (August 2015). "Trans* necropolitics. Gender Identity Law in Argentina". Sexualidad, Salud y Sociedad (20): 10–27. doi:10.1590/1984-6487.sess.2015.20.04.a. hdl: 11336/69568 .
  19. ↑ de Beauvoir, Simone; Capisto-Borde, Constance; Malovany-Chevallier, Sheila (2011). The second sex. New York: Vintage Books. ISBN   978-0-307-27778-7.[ page needed ]
  20. ↑ Crenshaw, Kimberle (2018). "Demarginalizing the Intersection of Race and Sex: A Black Feminist Critique of Antidiscrimination Doctrine, Feminist Theory, and Antiracist Politics". Living with Contradictions. pp. 39–52. doi:10.4324/9780429499142-5. ISBN   978-0-429-49914-2.

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