Pseudomonas fluorescens is a common Gram-negative, rod-shaped bacterium. It belongs to the Pseudomonas genus; 16S rRNA analysis as well as phylogenomic analysis has placed P. fluorescens in the P. fluorescens group within the genus, to which it lends its name.
Pseudomonas aeruginosa is a common encapsulated, Gram-negative, aerobic–facultatively anaerobic, rod-shaped bacterium that can cause disease in plants and animals, including humans. A species of considerable medical importance, P. aeruginosa is a multidrug resistant pathogen recognized for its ubiquity, its intrinsically advanced antibiotic resistance mechanisms, and its association with serious illnesses – hospital-acquired infections such as ventilator-associated pneumonia and various sepsis syndromes.
Phenazine is an organic compound with the formula (C6H4)2N2. It is a dibenzo annulated pyrazine, and the parent substance of many dyestuffs, such as the toluylene red, indulines, and safranines (and the closely related eurhodines). Phenazine crystallizes in yellow needles, which are only sparingly soluble in alcohol. Sulfuric acid dissolves it, forming a deep-red solution.
Mannose-6 phosphate isomerase (MPI), alternately phosphomannose isomerase (PMI) is an enzyme which facilitates the interconversion of fructose 6-phosphate (F6P) and mannose-6-phosphate (M6P). Mannose-6-phosphate isomerase may also enable the synthesis of GDP-mannose in eukaryotic organisms. M6P can be converted to F6P by mannose-6-phosphate isomerase and subsequently utilized in several metabolic pathways including glycolysis and capsular polysaccharide biosynthesis. PMI is monomeric and metallodependent on zinc as a cofactor ligand. PMI is inhibited by erythrose 4-phosphate, mannitol 1-phosphate, and to a lesser extent, the alpha anomer of M6P.
In enzymology, a 2,3-dihydro-2,3-dihydroxybenzoate dehydrogenase (EC 1.3.1.28) is an enzyme that catalyzes the chemical reaction
In enzymology, a cis-2,3-dihydrobiphenyl-2,3-diol dehydrogenase (EC 1.3.1.56) is an enzyme that catalyzes the chemical reaction
Isochorismate synthase ( EC 5.4.4.2) is an isomerase enzyme that catalyzes the first step in the biosynthesis of vitamin K2 (menaquinone) in Escherichia coli.
In enzymology, a phosphoribosylanthranilate isomerase (PRAI) is an enzyme that catalyzes the third step of the synthesis of the amino acid tryptophan.
In enzymology, a steroid Δ5-isomerase is an enzyme that catalyzes the chemical reaction
In enzymology, a tyrosine 2,3-aminomutase is an enzyme that catalyzes the chemical reaction
Pyocyanin (PCN−) is one of the many toxic compounds produced and secreted by the Gram negative bacterium Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Pyocyanin is a blue secondary metabolite, turning red below pH 4.9, with the ability to oxidise and reduce other molecules and therefore kill microbes competing against P. aeruginosa as well as mammalian cells of the lungs which P. aeruginosa has infected during cystic fibrosis. Since pyocyanin is a zwitterion at blood pH, it is easily able to cross the cell membrane. There are three different states in which pyocyanin can exist: oxidized (blue), monovalently reduced (colourless) or divalently reduced (red). Mitochondria play an important role in the cycling of pyocyanin between its redox states. Due to its redox-active properties, pyocyanin generates reactive oxygen species.
2,4-Diacetylphloroglucinol or Phl is a natural phenol found in several bacteria:
Tryptophan 7-halogenase (EC 1.14.19.9, PrnA, RebH) is an enzyme with systematic name L-tryptophan:FADH2 oxidoreductase (7-halogenating). This enzyme catalyses the following chemical reaction:
2-amino-4-deoxychorismate synthase is an enzyme with systematic name (2S)-2-amino-4-deoxychorismate:2-oxoglutarate aminotransferase. This enzyme catalyses the following chemical reaction
UDP-2-acetamido-2-deoxy-ribo-hexuluronate aminotransferase is an enzyme with systematic name UDP-2-acetamido-3-amino-2,3-dideoxy-alpha-D-glucuronate:2-oxoglutarate aminotransferase. This enzyme catalyses the following chemical reaction
D-sedoheptulose 7-phosphate isomerase is an enzyme with systematic name D-glycero-D-manno-heptose 7-phosphate aldose-ketose-isomerase. This enzyme catalyses the following chemical reaction
4-oxalomesaconate tautomerase is an enzyme with systematic name 4-oxalomesaconate keto---enol-isomerase. This enzyme catalyses the following chemical reaction
Pyonitrins are a family of highly hydrogen-deficient alkaloids discovered from an insect-associated Pseudomonas protegens strain. In vivo, pyonitrins A-D show activity against pathogen Candida albicans, which commonly cause bloodstream infections.
Tilivalline is a nonribosomal enterotoxin and was the first naturally occurring pyrrolobenzodiazepine (PBD) to be associated with disease in the human intestine. Previous work has shown that PBD tilivalline produced by Klebsiella oxytoca was linked to the pathogenesis of colitis in animal model of antibiotic-associated hemorrhagic colitis (AAHC). Since the enteric bacterium K. oxytoca is part of the intestinal microbiota and tilivalline causes the pathogenesis of colitis, it is important to understand the biosynthesis and regulation of tilivalline activity.
Mathurin-Joseph Fordos was a French pharmaceutical chemist who was the first to examine what he named as pyocyanin, the blue pigment in pus produced by Pseudomonas aeruginosa. This was the first natural phenazine to be described. He also collaborated with Louis Daguerre and is thought to have been involved in producing one of the first photographs in 1837 of the Pont Neuf in Paris.
