Treue der Union Monument

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Treue der Union Monument
Treue der Union Monument.jpg
Treue der Union Monument
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Treue der Union Monument
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Treue der Union Monument
LocationHigh Street, between Third and Fourth
Comfort, Texas
Coordinates 29°58′10″N98°54′49″W / 29.96944°N 98.91361°W / 29.96944; -98.91361
Arealess than one acre
Built1866 (1866)
Part of Comfort Historic District (ID79002989 [1] )
NRHP reference No. 78002966 [1]
TSAL No. 8200000407
Significant dates
Added to NRHPNovember 29, 1978
Designated CPMay 29, 1979
Designated TSALJanuary 1, 1996

The German-American Treue der Union Monument (Loyalty to the Union), is located in the Kendall County community of Comfort in the U.S. state of Texas. It was dedicated on August 10, 1866 to commemorate the German-Texans who died at the 1862 Nueces massacre. Thirty-four were killed, some executed after being taken prisoner, for refusing to sign loyalty oaths to the Confederacy. With the exception of those drowned in the Rio Grande, the remains of the murdered are buried at the site of the monument. This monument was the first authorized to fly the Star-Spangled Banner at half-mast in perpetuity. It was listed on the U.S. National Register of Historic Places in 1978. [1]

Contents

The battle

In 1862, the Confederate States of America imposed martial law on Central Texas, due to resistance to the Civil War. Jacob Kuechler served as a guide for sixty-one conscientious objectors attempting to flee to Mexico. Scottish born Confederate irregular James Duff [2] and his Duff's Partisan Rangers pursued and overtook them at the Nueces River.

Thirty-four were killed, some executed after being taken prisoner. Jacob Kuechler survived the Nueces massacre. The cruelty shocked the people of Gillespie County and surrounding areas. Two thousand took to the hills to escape Duff's reign of terror. [3]

The monument

On August 19, 1865, Eduard Degener, Eduard Steves, and William Heuermann paid $20 for a lot in Comfort, for the purpose of building a monument. The bodies of those who drowned in the massacre were never recovered. The bodies of the remaining massacre victims were recovered for burial by local residents in a mass grave on the lot purchased by Degener, Steves and Heuermann. On August 20, 1865, at Comfort, Texas, three hundred people attended the funeral for the remains of the victims of the massacre. The funeral cortege was accompanied by Federal troops who fired a salute over the mass grave. Edward Degener, father of victims Hugo and Hilmar, delivered the eulogy. [4]

Treue der Union monument, with flag flying at half mast Treue der union monumant 2009.jpg
Treue der Union monument, with flag flying at half mast

With donations from local residents and families of the victims, the Treue der Union Monument was dedicated on August 10, 1866 in Kendall County. The obelisk stands twenty feet high and was constructed of native limestone by local stonemasons and several carvers. [5] The main obelisk weighs 35,700 pounds (16,200 kg), with the top containing the original four name tablets. The United States 1865 flag has thirty-six stars, representing the number of states at the time of the monument dedication. On the lawn at the base are four name tablets in German. Inside the second course of the monument is a time capsule. [4] [6] [7] [8]

In 1994, the Comfort Heritage Foundation oversaw a restoration conducted by Boerne stonemason Karl H. Kuhn. [9]

Names on Treue der Union Monument

Treue der Union Monument
Name1862 deathPlace of deathNotesRef.
Leopold BauerAugust 10Nueces River [10]
Frederick BehrensAugust 10Nueces Riveraka Fritz Beherens [11]
Ernst BeselerAugust 10Nueces River [12]
Conrad Andreas Christian BockUnknownFredericksburg [13]
Louis BoernerAugust 10Nueces River [14]
Wilhelm BoernerAugust 10Nueces River [15]
Johann Peter BonnetOctober 18Rio Grande [16]
Theo BruckischNew Braunfels carpenter [17] [18]
Albert BrunsAugust 10Nueces River [19]
Hilmar DegenerAugust 10Nueces River [20]
Hugo DegenerAugust 10Nueces River [21]
Pablo DiazAugust 10Nueces River [22]
Joseph ElstnerOctober 18Rio Grande River [17] [23]
Edward FelsingOctober 18Rio Grande River [24]
Herman FlickAugust 20 Medio Creek Sources vary on when and where [25]
Henry HerrmannOctober 18Rio Grande River [26]
Valentine HohmannOctober 18Rio Grande RiverLocal cattle-rancher. [27]
John George KallenbergAugust 10Nueces River [28]
Fritz LangeOctober 18Rio Grande [29]
August LuckenbachUnknownOne of the original Luckenbach family that settled in the hill country. [30] [31]
Henry MarkwardtAugust 10Nueces River [32]
Adolph RuebsamenOctober 18Rio Grande River [33]
Louis RuebsamenAugust 10Nueces River [34]
Christian SchaeferAugust 10Nueces River [35]
Louis SchierholzAugust 10Nueces River [36]
Aime SchreinerAugust 10Nueces River [37]
Heinrich Steves Jr.August 10Nueces River [38]
Heinrich StielerAugust 10Comfort [39]
Frederich "Fritz" TaysAugust 10Comfort [40]
Wilhelm TelgmannAugust 10Nueces River [41]
Adolph VaterAugust 10Nueces River [42]
Friedrich "Fritz" VaterAugust 10Nueces River [43]
Michael WeirichAugust 10Nueces River [44]
Franz WeissOctober 18Rio Grande River [45]
Moritz WeissOctober 18Rio Grande River [46]
Heinrich "Henry" WeyershausenAugust 10Nueces River [47]

The Treue der Union monument (1866) has been broadly asserted to be the first monument of the Civil War, and the first Union monument raised on "Confederate" soil. Other Union monuments in former slave states include the Grand Army of the Republic Memorial (Judsonia, Arkansas), the Grand Army of the Republic Memorial (Siloam Springs, Arkansas), the Grand Army of the Republic Memorial Hall (St. Cloud, Florida), Union memorials and graves at Arlington National Cemetery, and numerous monuments at battlefields such as at Vicksburg, Mississippi.

According to the National Park Service, the 32nd Indiana Monument at Cave Hill National Cemetery in Kentucky "is the oldest Civil War memorial in the country." The 32nd Indiana Infantry Regiment of the Union Army was composed primarily of soldiers of German ancestry. After the December 1861 Battle of Rowlett's Station, regiment private August Bloedner created the limestone memorial in the German language as a tribute to his regiment's fatalities. Also known as the August Bloedner Monument, both the monument and the bodies of those it honors are together in the cemetery. [52]

In a 2012 article for The Southwestern Historical Quarterly, physician and US Army veteran Frank Wilson Kiel sorted known facts from lore about the monument. Citing monuments to the Union on Southern soil, he names two memorials in Tennessee, Greeneville and Cleveland, as well as three others in Texas, Denison, Dallas and New Braunfels. The claim of Treue der Union being the oldest is discredited by the 1863 Hazen Brigade Monument at Stones River National Battlefield in Tennessee and the 1861 August Bloedner Monument in Kentucky. Kiel traces the trail of misinformation back as far as 1938. Accordingly, he states that there is no protocol for flying a flag at half-mast, but rather a matter of choice for non-governmental institutions such as the Comfort Heritage Foundation. The misunderstanding stemmed from personal communications between one congressman and two different individuals associated with the monument. Congress never passed legislation on the issue. [53]

See also

Bibliography

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References

  1. 1 2 3 "National Register Information System". National Register of Historic Places . National Park Service. July 9, 2010.
  2. ↑ Shook, Robert W. "James Duff". Handbook of Texas Online. Texas State Historical Association. Retrieved February 2, 2011.
  3. ↑ Kohout, Martin Donell. "Gillespie County, Texas". Handbook of Texas Online. Texas State Historical Association. Retrieved February 2, 2011.
  4. 1 2 "Marker-Treue Der Union Monument". Texas Historic Markers. HMdb.org. Retrieved February 2, 2011.
  5. ↑ "List of names- Treue der Union Monument". Comfort, Texas Heritage Foundation. Retrieved February 2, 2011.
  6. ↑ Pohlsander, Hans A (2010). German Monuments in the Americas: Bonds Across the Atlantic. Peter Lang International Academic Publishers. p. 16. ISBN   978-3-0343-0138-1.
  7. ↑ Herzog, Brad (2001). States of Mind . Pocket. p.  92. ISBN   978-0-7434-1782-2. treue der union States of Mind.
  8. ↑ Evans, Brent (2010). Boerne (Images of America Series). Arcadia. p. 26. ISBN   978-0-7385-7943-6.
  9. ↑ Little, Carol Morris (1996). A Comprehensive Guide to Outdoor Sculpture in Texas. University of Texas Press. p. 118. ISBN   978-0-292-76036-3.
  10. ↑ "BAUER, LEOPOLD (CLOSE UP) - Kendall County, Texas | LEOPOLD (CLOSE UP) BAUER - Texas Gravestone Photos". texasgravestones.org. Retrieved April 12, 2023.
  11. ↑ "BEHRENS, FREDERICK "FRITZ" (CLOSE UP) - Kendall County, Texas | FREDERICK "FRITZ" (CLOSE UP) BEHRENS - Texas Gravestone Photos". texasgravestones.org. Retrieved April 11, 2023.
  12. ↑ "BESELER, ERNST (CLOSE UP) - Kendall County, Texas | ERNST (CLOSE UP) BESELER - Texas Gravestone Photos". texasgravestones.org. Retrieved April 11, 2023.
  13. ↑ "BOCK, CONRAD ANDREAS CHRISTIAN - Kendall County, Texas | CONRAD ANDREAS CHRISTIAN BOCK - Texas Gravestone Photos". texasgravestones.org. Retrieved April 11, 2023.
  14. ↑ "BOERNER, LOUIS (CLOSE UP) - Kendall County, Texas | LOUIS (CLOSE UP) BOERNER - Texas Gravestone Photos". texasgravestones.org. Retrieved April 12, 2023.
  15. ↑ Maytum, Ashley (March 23, 2021). "Treue Der Union (Loyalty to the Union) - Marker in/near Comfort". KCHC. Kendall County History. Retrieved April 12, 2023.
  16. ↑ "BONNET, JOHANN PETER (CLOSE UP) - Kendall County, Texas | JOHANN PETER (CLOSE UP) BONNET - Texas Gravestone Photos". texasgravestones.org. Retrieved April 12, 2023.
  17. 1 2 Kiel 2013, p. 13.
  18. ↑ "BRUCKISH, THEODOR (CLOSE UP) - Kendall County, Texas | THEODOR (CLOSE UP) BRUCKISH - Texas Gravestone Photos". texasgravestones.org. Retrieved April 12, 2023.
  19. ↑ "BRUNS, ALBERT (CLOSE UP) - Kendall County, Texas | ALBERT (CLOSE UP) BRUNS - Texas Gravestone Photos". texasgravestones.org. Retrieved April 12, 2023.
  20. ↑ "DEGENER, HILMAR (CLOSE UP) - Kendall County, Texas | HILMAR (CLOSE UP) DEGENER - Texas Gravestone Photos". texasgravestones.org. Retrieved April 12, 2023.
  21. ↑ "DEGENER, HUGO (CLOSE UP) - Kendall County, Texas | HUGO (CLOSE UP) DEGENER - Texas Gravestone Photos". texasgravestones.org. Retrieved April 12, 2023.
  22. ↑ "DIAZ, PABLO (CLOSE UP) - Kendall County, Texas | PABLO (CLOSE UP) DIAZ - Texas Gravestone Photos". texasgravestones.org. Retrieved April 12, 2023.
  23. ↑ "ELSTNER, JOSEPH (CLOSE UP) - Kendall County, Texas | JOSEPH (CLOSE UP) ELSTNER - Texas Gravestone Photos". texasgravestones.org. Retrieved April 12, 2023.
  24. ↑ "FELSING, EDUARD (CLOSE UP) - Kendall County, Texas | EDUARD (CLOSE UP) FELSING - Texas Gravestone Photos". texasgravestones.org. Retrieved April 12, 2023.
  25. ↑ "FLICK, HERMAN - Kendall County, Texas | HERMAN FLICK - Texas Gravestone Photos". texasgravestones.org. Retrieved April 12, 2023.
  26. ↑ "HERMANN, HENRY (CLOSE UP) - Kendall County, Texas | HENRY (CLOSE UP) HERMANN - Texas Gravestone Photos". texasgravestones.org. Retrieved April 11, 2023.
  27. ↑ "HOHMANN, VALENTIN (CLOSE UP) - Kendall County, Texas | VALENTIN (CLOSE UP) HOHMANN - Texas Gravestone Photos". texasgravestones.org. Retrieved April 11, 2023.
  28. ↑ "KALLENBERG, JOHN GEORGE (CLOSE UP) - Kendall County, Texas | JOHN GEORGE (CLOSE UP) KALLENBERG - Texas Gravestone Photos". texasgravestones.org. Retrieved April 11, 2023.
  29. ↑ "LANGE, FREDERICK "FRITZ" - Kendall County, Texas | FREDERICK "FRITZ" LANGE - Texas Gravestone Photos". texasgravestones.org. Retrieved April 11, 2023.
  30. ↑ Kiel 2013, p. 94.
  31. ↑ "LUCKENBACH, AUGUST - Kendall County, Texas | AUGUST LUCKENBACH - Texas Gravestone Photos". texasgravestones.org. Retrieved April 11, 2023.; "TSHA | Luckenbach, Jacob". www.tshaonline.org. Retrieved April 12, 2023.
  32. ↑ "MARKWARDT, HEINRICH (CLOSE UP) - Kendall County, Texas | HEINRICH (CLOSE UP) MARKWARDT - Texas Gravestone Photos". texasgravestones.org. Retrieved April 11, 2023.
  33. ↑ "RUEBSAMEN, ADOLPH - Kendall County, Texas | ADOLPH RUEBSAMEN - Texas Gravestone Photos". texasgravestones.org. Retrieved April 11, 2023.
  34. ↑ "RUEBSAMEN, LOUIS - Kendall County, Texas | LOUIS RUEBSAMEN - Texas Gravestone Photos". texasgravestones.org. Retrieved April 11, 2023.
  35. ↑ "SCHAEFER, CHRISTIAN (CLOSE UP) - Kendall County, Texas | CHRISTIAN (CLOSE UP) SCHAEFER - Texas Gravestone Photos". texasgravestones.org. Retrieved April 11, 2023.
  36. ↑ "SCHIERHOLZ, LOUIS - Kendall County, Texas | LOUIS SCHIERHOLZ - Texas Gravestone Photos". texasgravestones.org. Retrieved April 11, 2023.
  37. ↑ "SCHREINER, AIME - Kendall County, Texas | AIME SCHREINER - Texas Gravestone Photos". texasgravestones.org. Retrieved April 11, 2023.
  38. ↑ "STEVES, HEINRICH - Kendall County, Texas | HEINRICH STEVES - Texas Gravestone Photos". texasgravestones.org. Retrieved April 11, 2023.
  39. ↑ "STIELER, HEINRICH "HENRY" - Kendall County, Texas | HEINRICH "HENRY" STIELER - Texas Gravestone Photos". texasgravestones.org. Retrieved April 11, 2023.
  40. ↑ "TAYS, FREDERICH "FRITZ" - Kendall County, Texas | FREDERICH "FRITZ" TAYS - Texas Gravestone Photos". texasgravestones.org. Retrieved April 11, 2023.
  41. ↑ "TELGMANN, WILHELM - Kendall County, Texas | WILHELM TELGMANN - Texas Gravestone Photos". texasgravestones.org. Retrieved April 11, 2023.
  42. ↑ "VATER, ADOLPH - Kendall County, Texas | ADOLPH VATER - Texas Gravestone Photos". texasgravestones.org. Retrieved April 11, 2023.
  43. ↑ "VATER, FRIEDRICH "FRITZ" - Kendall County, Texas | FRIEDRICH "FRITZ" VATER - Texas Gravestone Photos". texasgravestones.org. Retrieved April 11, 2023.
  44. ↑ "WEIRICH, MICHAEL - Kendall County, Texas | MICHAEL WEIRICH - Texas Gravestone Photos". texasgravestones.org. Retrieved April 11, 2023.
  45. ↑ "WEISS, FRANZ - Kendall County, Texas | FRANZ WEISS - Texas Gravestone Photos". texasgravestones.org. Retrieved April 11, 2023.
  46. ↑ "WEISS, MORITZ (CLOSE UP) - Kendall County, Texas | MORITZ (CLOSE UP) WEISS - Texas Gravestone Photos". texasgravestones.org. Retrieved April 11, 2023.
  47. ↑ "WEYERSHAUSEN, HEINRICH "HENRY" - Kendall County, Texas | HEINRICH "HENRY" WEYERSHAUSEN - Texas Gravestone Photos". texasgravestones.org. Retrieved April 11, 2023.
  48. ↑ "Nueces, Battle of the". Handbook of Texas Online. Texas State Historical Association. Retrieved September 11, 2016.
  49. ↑ Mendoza, Alexander; Grear, Charles David (2012). Texans and War: New Interpretations of the State's Military History. College Station, TX: Texas A & M University Press. p. 140. ISBN   978-1-60344-124-7.
  50. ↑ Civil War Preservation Trust (2008). Civil War Sites: The Official Guide to the Civil War Discovery Trail. Guilford, CT: Globe Pequot Press. p. 310. ISBN   9780762744350.
  51. ↑ Kamphoefner, Walter D.; Helbich, Wolfgang; Vogel, Susan Carter (2006). Germans in the Civil War: The Letters They Wrote Home. Chapel Hill, NC: University of North Carolina Press. p. 437. ISBN   978-0-8078-3044-4.
  52. ↑ "Cave Hill National Cemetery Louisville, Kentucky". nps.gov. National Park Service. Retrieved September 13, 2016.
  53. ↑ Kiel, Frank Wilson (January 2012). "Treue der Union: Myths, Misrepresentations, and Misinterpretations". The Southwestern Historical Quarterly. 115 (3). Texas State Historical Association: 282–292. doi:10.1353/swh.2012.0004. JSTOR   41617001. S2CID   143613462.

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