The streamside salamander is a species of mole salamander from North America, occurring in several Midwestern states of the US.
Triplophysa is a genus of fish in the family Nemacheilidae found mainly in and around the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau in China. Currently, the genus is a mixed assemblage of species. Some lineages have been identified and treated as subgenera, but as Wikipedia follows Fishbase for fish species all but Hedinichthys have been treated as subgenera in Wikipedia, although Kottelat in his revision of the loaches did recognise them as valid. FishBase, however, includes these in Triplophysa without specifying subgenera and treats the names given by Kottelat as synonyms.
Triplophysa xiangxiensis is a species of stone loach endemic to Yuan River in Hunan, China. It is a cave-dwelling species. It grows to 9.9 cm (3.9 in) SL.
Triplophysa coniptera is a species of stone loach in the genus Triplophysa. It occurs in the Talas River basin, Kyrgyzstan, and the middle Syr Darya basin, Uzbekistan. The latter population may qualify as the subspecies salari.
Triplophysa dorsalis, the grey stone loach, is a species of stone loach in the genus Triplophysa that lives in freshwater. It is found in Uzbekistan, Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan and Xinjiang.
Triplophysa gracilis is a species of stone loach in the genus Triplophysa. It is found in Pakistan, India, and China. It grows to 11 cm (4.3 in) SL and lives in standing waters and deeper parts of rivers.
Triplophysa gundriseri is a species of stone loach from Mongolia and Tuva (Russia).
Triplophysa intermedia is a species of stone loach in the genus Triplophysa. The species has only been found in Hulun Lake in Inner Mongolia, China; but is believed to appear in other locations as well since fish in this genus are typically found in running water.
Triplophysa kullmanni is a species of ray-finned fish in the genus Triplophysa. It is endemic to Afghanistan.
Triplophysa moquensis is a species of ray-finned fish in the genus Triplophysa. It is endemic to Xiaman Lake, Sichuan, although it might occur more widely.
Triplophysa obtusirostra is a species of ray-finned fish in the genus Triplophysa. It is endemic to Qinghai province, China, near the origin of the Yellow River.
Triplophysa orientalis is a species of stone loach. It is a freshwater fish from the Tibetan Plateau and is endemic to China; its distribution includes the upper reaches of the Yangtze and Yellow Rivers, among others. It lives in a wide range of habitats, both lentic and lotic. The species is widespread but populations tend to be isolated and show high degree of genetic divergence.
Triplophysa stenura is a species of ray-finned fish in the genus Triplophysa. It lives in swift-flowing streams and is known from the Upper Yangtze, Upper Mekong, Upper Salween and Upper Brahmaputra river drainages in China and Vietnam. Whether this apparently widespread species really is one species needs to be studied. It grows to 13.8 cm (5.4 in) SL.
Triplophysa stewarti is a species of stone loach in the genus Triplophysa. It lives in slow-flowing rivers and lakes among rocks and vegetation; it is found in numerous lakes and in upper Salween, Indus, and Brahmaputra drainages in Tibet as well as in Kashmir, India. It grows to 20.8 cm (8.2 in) SL.
Triplophysa tibetana is a species of stone loach in the genus Triplophysa. It is endemic to the upper Brahmaputra and upper Indus rivers in Tibet. It lives in slower flowing, shallow areas in lakes and rivers with ample aquatic vegetation. It grows to 13.3 cm (5.2 in) SL.
Triplophysa turpanensis is a species of stone loach in the genus Triplophysa. It is endemic to Xinjiang in extreme western China. It grows to 7.7 cm (3.0 in) SL.
Triplophysa xichangensis is a species of ray-finned fish in the genus Triplophysa. It is found in Sichuan and Yunnan provinces in China.
Organisms can live at high altitude, either on land, in water, or while flying. Decreased oxygen availability and decreased temperature make life at such altitudes challenging, though many species have been successfully adapted via considerable physiological changes. As opposed to short-term acclimatisation, high-altitude adaptation means irreversible, evolved physiological responses to high-altitude environments, associated with heritable behavioural and genetic changes. Among vertebrates, only few mammals and certain birds are known to have completely adapted to high-altitude environments.
Oxygymnocypris stewartii is a species of cyprinid fish endemic to Tibet and occurs in the Yarlung Tsangpo River and its tributaries at altitudes above 3,600 m (11,800 ft) in the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau. It is the only species in its genus.
Fish are exposed to large oxygen fluctuations in their aquatic environment since the inherent properties of water can result in marked spatial and temporal differences in the concentration of oxygen. Fish respond to hypoxia with varied behavioral, physiological, and cellular responses to maintain homeostasis and organism function in an oxygen-depleted environment. The biggest challenge fish face when exposed to low oxygen conditions is maintaining metabolic energy balance, as 95% of the oxygen consumed by fish is used for ATP production releasing the chemical energy of nutrients through the mitochondrial electron transport chain. Therefore, hypoxia survival requires a coordinated response to secure more oxygen from the depleted environment and counteract the metabolic consequences of decreased ATP production at the mitochondria.
