Tulbaghia acutiloba

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Tulbaghia acutiloba
Tulbaghia acutiloba, blomme, veldblomstappie, FG NR, a.jpg
Scientific classification OOjs UI icon edit-ltr.svg
Kingdom: Plantae
Clade: Tracheophytes
Clade: Angiosperms
Clade: Monocots
Order: Asparagales
Family: Amaryllidaceae
Subfamily: Allioideae
Genus: Tulbaghia
Species:
T. acutiloba
Binomial name
Tulbaghia acutiloba
Tulbaghia acutiloba Range Map.png
Distribution of T. acutiloba in South Africa
Synonyms [1]

Omentaria acutilobaKuntze (Harv.)

Tulbaghia acutiloba, one of many plants named wild garlic , is a species of plant in the Allioideae subfamily of the Amaryllidaceae family. First described by William Henry Harvey in 1854, it is found in the countries of Botswana, Eswatini, Lesotho, and South Africa.

Contents

Description

Tulbaghia acutiloba is one of 22 members of the genus Tulbaghia found in tropical and southern Africa. [2] The plant is a clump-forming, bulbous perennial that ranges from 15–45 centimetres (5.9–17.7 in) in height. [3] [2] The leaves are narrow and grass-like, they are 50–450 millimetres (2.0–17.7 in) in length, and 3–8 millimetres (0.12–0.31 in) in width. [2] The rhizome of the plant can grow to 3 centimetres (1.2 in) in diameter. [3] When the plant is touched, a garlicky scent is emanated. [2]

The flowers are small, trumpet-shaped, around 8 by 4 millimetres (0.31 in × 0.16 in) in size, and green, white, and orange-brown in colour. [3] [2] Khaki colored flowers are surrounded by green, recurved tepals, and a fleshy orange to reddish-brown ring, with an umbel of around 2 to 6 flowers. [2] The flowers are sweet in scent, and the scent is particularly noticeable during the evening. The plant flowers throughout the year, mainly between the months of August to November, which is late winter to early summer in Southern Africa. [2] The plant can flower multiple times in a single season. [2]

Range

T. acutiloba in its native habitat, South Africa Tulbaghia acutiloba 155389786.jpg
T. acutiloba in its native habitat, South Africa

Tulbaghia acutiloba is found in the countries of Botswana, Eswatini, Lesotho, and the eastern portions of South Africa. [3] In South Africa, it is found in the provinces of Eastern Cape, Free State, Gauteng, KwaZulu-Natal, Limpopo, Mpumalanga, and North West. [2] In Botswana, it is found in the southeastern portion of the country. [4]

Habitat

The preferred habitat of Tulbaghia acutiloba is dry, rocky, grasslands of an elevation up to 1,800 metres (5,900 ft). [2]

Human interactions

The leaves of the plant are edible, [2] and young plants are eaten as food. [5] In the provinces of Eastern Cape and KwaZulu-Natal, it is used as a culinary herb. Traditionally, T. acutiloba was used to treat various illnesses, including infectious diseases and hypertension. [6]

Conservation

In an assessment of South African plants in 2009 by Raimondo et al., Tulbaghia acutiloba was ranked as "Least Concern". [7]

Etymology

The generic epiphet Tulbaghia is derived from Ryk Tulbagh, the governor of the Cape of Good Hope. [3] Tulbagh's extensive correspondences with Carl Linnaeus included sending him 200 plant specimens, among which was a specimen of Tulbaghia acutiloba sent in 1769 which led to its description. [2] The specific epiphet acutilobus denotes the plant's "sharply pointed lobes", [3] from the Latin acutus "acute, pointed" and lobus "lobe", [8] which likely refers to the flower's tepals. [2]

It is commonly known as "Wild Garlic" in the English language. [3] [2] [9] It is also known locally as "Wildeknoffel" in Afrikaans, "isihihi" in the Xhosa language, "ishaladi lezinyoka" in the Zulu language, and "motsuntsunyane" or "sefothafotha" in the Southern Sotho language. [2] [7] [5]

Taxonomy

Tulbaghia acutiloba was first described in 1854 by William Henry Harvey. [3] It was formerly placed in the family Alliaceae, which the APG IV system merged into the larger family Amaryllidaceae in 2016. [3]

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<i>Hypoxis villosa</i> Species of flowering plant

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<i>Schizochilus</i> Genus of flowering plants

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<i>Aeropetes</i> Genus of butterflies

Aeropetes is a monotypic butterfly genus in the family Nymphalidae. Its only species, Aeropetes tulbaghia, is commonly known as the Table Mountain beauty or mountain pride. It is native to southern Africa, where it occurs in South Africa, Lesotho, Eswatini and Zimbabwe.

<i>Lagarosiphon</i> Genus of plants

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<i>Tulbaghia violacea</i> Species of flowering plant

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<i>Eucomis pallidiflora</i> Species of flowering plant

Eucomis pallidiflora, the giant pineapple lily, is a bulbous species of flowering plant in the family Asparagaceae, subfamily Scilloideae, native to southern Africa. The white to green flowers appear in summer and are arranged in a spike (raceme), topped by a "head" of green leaflike bracts. Some forms reach almost 2 m when in flower. The species is cultivated as an ornamental plant, although it is not hardy in areas where severe frosts occur.

<i>Bonatea</i> (plant) Genus of flowering plants

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<i>Syncolostemon</i> Genus of flowering plants

Syncolostemon (sagebushes) is a genus of plants in the family Lamiaceae, first described in 1838. It is native primarily to South Africa, with some species in other parts of sub-Saharan Africa, plus one species in India.

  1. Syncolostemon albiflorus(N.E.Br.) D.F.Otieno - Transvaal, Eswatini
  2. Syncolostemon argenteusN.E.Br. - KwaZulu-Natal
  3. Syncolostemon bolusii(N.E.Br.) D.F.Otieno - KwaZulu-Natal
  4. Syncolostemon bracteosus(Benth.) D.F.Otieno - widespread across much of sub-Saharan Africa
  5. Syncolostemon canescens(Gürke) D.F.Otieno - Angola, Botswana, Zimbabwe, Eswatini, South Africa
  6. Syncolostemon cinereum(Codd) D.F.Otieno & Retief - South Africa
  7. Syncolostemon comosus(Wight ex Benth.) D.F.Otieno - southern India
  8. Syncolostemon comptoniiCodd - Eswatini
  9. Syncolostemon concinnusN.E.Br. - Eswatini, South Africa
  10. Syncolostemon densiflorusBenth. - South Africa
  11. Syncolostemon elliottii(Baker) D.F.Otieno - Zimbabwe, Botswana, Transvaal
  12. Syncolostemon eriocephalusVerd. - Northern Province of South Africa
  13. Syncolostemon flabellifolius(S.Moore) A.J.Paton - Chimanimani Mountains of Mozambique + Zimbabwe
  14. Syncolostemon floccosus(Launert) D.F.Otieno - Namibia
  15. Syncolostemon foliosus(S.Moore) D.F.Otieno - Eswatini, South Africa
  16. Syncolostemon gerrardii(N.E.Br.) D.F.Otieno - South Africa
  17. Syncolostemon incanus(Codd) D.F.Otieno - Northern Province of South Africa
  18. Syncolostemon latidens(N.E.Br.) Codd - KwaZulu-Natal
  19. Syncolostemon linearis(Benth.) D.F.Otieno - Zimbabwe
  20. Syncolostemon macranthus(Gürke) Ashby - Drakensberg Mountains in South Africa
  21. Syncolostemon macrophyllusGürke - South Africa
  22. Syncolostemon madagascariensis(A.J.Paton & Hedge) D.F.Otieno - Madagascar
  23. Syncolostemon modestus(Codd) D.F.Otieno - Eswatini, South Africa
  24. Syncolostemon namapaensisD.F.Otieno - Mozambique, Tanzania
  25. Syncolostemon obermeyerae(M.Ashby) D.F.Otieno - Northern Province of South Africa
  26. Syncolostemon oritrephes(Wild) D.F.Otieno - Chimanimani Mountains of Mozambique + Zimbabwe
  27. Syncolostemon ornatus(S.Moore) D.F.Otieno - Chimanimani Mountains of Zimbabwe
  28. Syncolostemon parviflorusE.Mey. ex Benth. - Eswatini, South Africa
  29. Syncolostemon parvifolius(Codd) D.F.Otieno - Northern Province of South Africa
  30. Syncolostemon persimilis(N.E.Br.) D.F.Otieno - Northern Province of South Africa
  31. Syncolostemon petiolatus(Ashby) D.F.Otieno - Eswatini, South Africa, Mozambique
  32. Syncolostemon pretoriae(Gürke) D.F.Otieno - Eswatini, South Africa
  33. Syncolostemon punctatus(Codd) D.F.Otieno - Northern Province of South Africa
  34. Syncolostemon ramosus(Codd) D.F.Otieno - KwaZulu-Natal
  35. Syncolostemon ramulosusE.Mey. ex Benth. - KwaZulu-Natal, Cape Province
  36. Syncolostemon rehmannii(Gürke) D.F.Otieno - Northern Province of South Africa
  37. Syncolostemon rotundifoliusE.Mey. ex Benth. - KwaZulu-Natal, Cape Province
  38. Syncolostemon rugosifolius(M.Ashby) D.F.Otieno - Northern Province of South Africa
  39. Syncolostemon stalmansii(A.J.Paton & K.Balkwill) D.F.Otieno - Mpumalanga, Eswatini
  40. Syncolostemon stenophyllus(Gürke) D.F.Otieno - KwaZulu-Natal, Cape Province
  41. Syncolostemon subvelutinus(Gürke) D.F.Otieno - Northern Province of South Africa
  42. Syncolostemon teucriifolius(Hochst.) D.F.Otieno - Mozambique, Zimbabwe, South Africa
  43. Syncolostemon thorncroftii(N.E.Br.) D.F.Otieno - Northern Province of South Africa
  44. Syncolostemon transvaalensis(Schltr.) D.F.Otieno - Northern Province of South Africa
  45. Syncolostemon welwitschii(Rolfe) D.F.Otieno - Nigeria, Cameroon, Central African Republic, Zaire, Tanzania, Zambia, Angola
<i>Stenostelma</i> Genus of plants

Stenostelma is a genus of plants in the family Apocynaceae, first described as a genus in 1894. It is native to southern Africa, ranging from Mozambique, Zambia, and Namibia to South Africa.

<i>Albuca shawii</i> Species of flowering plant

Albuca shawii is a species of bulbous plant from southern Africa. It flowers in the summer and has yellow flowers on stems to about 30 cm high.

<i>Eucomis schijffii</i> Species of flowering plant

Eucomis schijffii is a bulbous species of flowering plant in the family Asparagaceae, subfamily Scilloideae, native to the Cape Provinces, KwaZulu-Natal and Lesotho. It was first described by William Frederick Reyneke in 1976. The reddish purple flowers appear in summer and are arranged in a spike (raceme), topped by a "head" of green leaflike bracts. It is cultivated as an ornamental plant and can be grown successfully outside where frosts are not too severe. The smallest of the species of Eucomis, it is particularly suited to being grown in rock gardens or containers.

Melhania forbesii is a plant in the mallow family Malvaceae, native to southern Africa. It is named for the English naturalist and plant collector John Forbes.

<i>Kyphocarpa</i> Genus of flowering plants

Kyphocarpa is a genus of flowering plants belonging to the family Amaranthaceae. It is in the Amaranthoideae subfamily.

Tulbaghia natalensis, called pink wild garlic and sweet wild garlic, is a species of flowering plant in the family Amaryllidaceae, native to the Cape Provinces and KwaZulu-Natal in South Africa. It has gained the Royal Horticultural Society's Award of Garden Merit as an ornamental.

References

  1. ↑ "Tulbaghia acutiloba". Mindat. Hudson Institute of Mineralogy. Retrieved 1 July 2024.
  2. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 Ndlovu, Bathabile; Notten, Alice (February 2019). "Tulbaghia acutiloba". PlantZAfrica. South African National Biodiversity Institute . Retrieved 1 July 2024.
  3. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 "CAUDICIFORM Tulbaghia acutiloba". Bihrmann's CAUDICIFORMS. Retrieved 1 July 2024.
  4. ↑ Hyde, M.A.; Wursten, B.T.; Ballings, P.; Coates Palgrave, M. "Species information: Tulbaghia acutiloba". Flora of Botswana. Retrieved 1 July 2024.
  5. 1 2 "Tulbaghia acutiloba". Biodiversity Explorer. Iziko South African Museum . Retrieved 2 July 2024.
  6. ↑ Arhin, Isaiah; Moodley, Kogi; Baijnath, Himansu; Ibrahim, Usri H.; Mackraj, Irene (September 2023). "The Antihypertensive Effect of Hydro-methanolic Extract of Tulbaghia acutiloba Harv. in L-NAME induced Hypertensive Rats". Clinical Complementary Medicine and Pharmacology. 3 (3): 100101. doi: 10.1016/j.ccmp.2023.100101 .
  7. 1 2 Archer, R.H.; Victor, J.E. (2005). "Tulbaghia acutiloba Harv. National Assessment". Red List of South African Plants. South African National Biodiversity Institute . Retrieved 1 July 2024.
  8. ↑ Condy, G. "Tulbaghia acutiloba Harvey". Plant Illustrations. Retrieved 3 July 2024.
  9. ↑ Charters, Michael L. "Tulbaghia acutiloba Harv". Flora of Southern Africa. California Plant Names: Latin and Greek Meanings and Derivations and Wildflowers and Other Plants of Southern California. Retrieved 1 July 2024.
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