Type 3c diabetes

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Type 3c diabetes

Type 3c diabetes (also known as pancreatogenic diabetes) is diabetes that comes secondary to pancreatic diseases, [1] involving the exocrine and digestive functions of the pancreas. It also occurs following surgical removal of the pancreas.

Contents

Around 5–10% of cases of diabetes in the Western world are related to pancreatic diseases. Chronic pancreatitis is most often the cause. [1] [2]

Presentation

The symptoms of Type 3c diabetes are the same as other forms of diabetes. They include:[ citation needed ]

People with Type 3c diabetes typically also have symptoms of exocrine pancreatic insufficiency, which include:[ citation needed ]

The same complications that occur for other types of diabetics (type 1 and type 2) may occur for type 3c diabetics. These include retinopathy, nephropathy, neuropathy, and cardiovascular disease. Patients with this condition are advised to follow the same risk-reduction guidelines as the other diabetics do and keep blood sugars as normal as possible to minimize any complications.[ citation needed ]

Cause

There are multiple causes. Some of which identified are:


Diagnosis

Diagnostic Criteria for T3cDM
Major criteria (all must be fulfilled):
  • Presence of exocrine pancreatic insufficiency (according to monoclonal fecal elastase-1 or direct function tests).
  • Pathological pancreatic imaging: (by endoscopic ultrasound, MRI, or CT)
  • Absence of T1DM-associated autoimmune markers (autoantibodies).
Minor Criteria:
  • Impaired β-cell function
  • No excessive insulin resistance (e.g. as measured by HOMA-IR).
  • Impaired incretin (e.g. GIP) or pancreatic polypeptide secretion.
  • Low serum levels of lipid (fat) soluble vitamins (A, D, E, or K).

Management

The condition can be managed by many factors.[ citation needed ]

Medications

Medications such as insulin may be given in order to lower blood sugars. For not so high blood sugars, oral treatments in the form of a pill or capsule may be given.

Usually, insulin requirements are lower than in type 1 diabetes (SAID). [8] However, therapeutic challenges may arise from the fact that hypoglycaemia is a common complication, owing to the lack of alpha cells. [8]

See also

References

  1. 1 2 Ewald, Nils; Hardt, Philip D (2013-11-14). "Diagnosis and treatment of diabetes mellitus in chronic pancreatitis". World Journal of Gastroenterology. 19 (42): 7276–7281. doi: 10.3748/wjg.v19.i42.7276 . ISSN   1007-9327. PMC   3831209 . PMID   24259958.
  2. Hart, PA; Bellin, MD; Andersen, DK; Bradley, D; Cruz-Monserrate, Z; Forsmark, CE; Goodarzi, MO; Habtezion, A; Korc, M; Kudva, YC; Pandol, SJ; Yadav, D; Chari, ST; Consortium for the Study of Chronic Pancreatitis, Diabetes, and Pancreatic, Cancer(CPDPC). (November 2016). "Type 3c (pancreatogenic) diabetes mellitus secondary to chronic pancreatitis and pancreatic cancer". The Lancet. Gastroenterology & Hepatology. 1 (3): 226–237. doi:10.1016/S2468-1253(16)30106-6. PMC   5495015 . PMID   28404095.{{cite journal}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)
  3. "Diabetes in Chronic Pancreatitis". Medscape. Anand R. Gupte and Chris E. Forsmark. Retrieved 2016-07-09.
  4. Venturi, Sebastiano (January 2021). "Cesium in Biology, Pancreatic Cancer, and Controversy in High and Low Radiation Exposure Damage—Scientific, Environmental, Geopolitical, and Economic Aspects". International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health. 18 (17): 8934. doi: 10.3390/ijerph18178934 . PMID   34501532..
  5. Venturi Sebastiano (2022). "Prevention of nuclear damage caused by iodine and cesium radionuclides to the thyroid, pancreas and other organs". Juvenis Scientia. 8 (2): 5–14. doi: 10.32415/jscientia_2022_8_2_5-14 . S2CID   250392484.
  6. "Study shows molecular mechanism behind type 3c pancreatic diabetes". News Medical. August 29, 2012. Retrieved July 9, 2016.
  7. Venturi, Sebastiano (January 2021). "Cesium in Biology, Pancreatic Cancer, and Controversy in High and Low Radiation Exposure Damage—Scientific, Environmental, Geopolitical, and Economic Aspects". International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health. 18 (17): 8934. doi: 10.3390/ijerph18178934 . PMID   34501532.
  8. 1 2 Quast, Daniel Robert; Breuer, Thomas Georg Karl; Nauck, Michael Albrecht; Janot-Matuschek, Monika; Uhl, Waldemar; Meier, Juris Jendrik (April 2021). "Insulinbedarf und Glukosehomöostase bei Menschen nach partieller und totaler Pankreatektomie im Vergleich zu Menschen mit anderen Diabetesformen". Diabetologie und Stoffwechsel. 16 (2): 130–140. doi:10.1055/a-1344-0323. S2CID   233938736.