Type 1 diabetes, also known as juvenile diabetes, is a condition in which the body does not produce insulin, resulting in high levels of sugar in the bloodstream. [1] [2] Whereas type 2 diabetes is typically diagnosed in middle age and treated via diet, oral medication and/or insulin therapy, type 1 diabetes tends to be diagnosed earlier in life, and people with type 1 diabetes require insulin therapy for survival. [1] It is significantly less common than type 2 diabetes, accounting for 5 percent of all diabetes diagnoses. [3]
This list of notable people with type 1 diabetes includes writers, artists, athletes, entertainers, and others who have been documented as having type 1 diabetes.
Name | Lifespan | Nationality | Notability | Ref. |
---|---|---|---|---|
Alizée Agier | 1994– | French | Karateka | [4] |
Wasim Akram | 1966– | Pakistani | Cricketer, television personality | [5] |
Mona Alawi | 2004– | Filipino | Actress, model | |
Kurt Andersen | 1954– | American | Writer, radio host | [6] |
Mark Andrews | 1996– | American | American football tight end | [7] |
Brec Bassinger | 1999– | American | Actress | [ citation needed ] |
Dexter Bean | 1987– | American | Auto racing driver | [8] |
Jean-Marie Bigard | 1954– | French | Actor | [9] |
Crystal Bowersox | 1985– | American | Singer-songwriter, actress | [10] |
Nick Boynton | 1979– | Canadian | Ice hockey defenceman | [11] |
Darren Brass | 1972– | American | Tattoo artist | [12] |
Bertrand Burgalat | 1963– | French | Musician and music producer | [13] |
George Canyon | 1970– | Canadian | Country music singer | [14] |
Ana Carolina | 1974– | Brazilian | Singer | [15] |
Carol Channing | 1921–2019 | American | Actress, comedian | [16] |
Stephen Clancy | 1992– | Irish | Racing cyclist | [17] |
Don R. Christensen | 1916–2006 | American | Animator, illustrator | |
Bobby Clarke | 1949– | Canadian | Ice hockey centre, Hockey Hall of Fame member | [18] |
Ben Coker | 1989– | British | Association football player | [19] |
Mark Collie | 1956– | American | Singer-songwriter, musician | [20] |
Cory Conacher | 1989– | Canadian | Ice hockey player | [21] |
Lauren Cox | 1998– | American | Basketball player | [22] |
Elinor Crawley | 1991– | Welsh | Actress | [23] |
B. J. Crombeen | 1985– | Canadian | Ice hockey right winger | [24] |
Will Cross | 1967– | American | Mountain climber | [25] |
Jay Cutler | 1983– | American | American football quarterback | [18] |
Conor Daly | 1991– | American | Professional race car driver | [26] |
Andrea Deck | 1994– | American | Actress | [27] |
Adrian Dix | 1964– | Canadian | Politician | [28] |
Max Domi | 1995– | Canadian | Ice hockey player | [29] |
Buster Douglas | 1960– | American | Professional boxer | [30] |
Chris Dudley | 1965– | American | Basketball player and politician | [31] |
Adam Duvall | 1988– | American | Major League Baseball outfielder | [32] |
Mike Echols | 1978– | American | American football cornerback | [18] |
Magnus Wolff Eikrem | 1990– | Norwegian | Footballer | [33] |
Ron Elliott | 1943– | American | Musician, lead guitarist of The Beau Brummels | [34] |
Blake Ferguson | 1997– | American | American football long snapper for the National Football League (NFL) | |
Carsten Fischer | 1961– | German | Olympic field hockey player | [5] |
Kris Freeman | 1980– | American | Cross-country skier | [35] |
Elliott Fry | 1994– | American | American football placekicker | [36] |
Jimmy Fryzel | 1981– | American | Arena Football League wide receiver | [37] |
Sam Fuld | 1981– | American | Baseball outfielder | [38] |
Ed Gamble | 1986– | British | Comedian, television personality | [39] |
Victor Garber | 1949– | Canadian | Film, stage and television actor and singer | [40] |
Charles Ginsburg | 1920–1992 | American | Engineer, inventor | [41] |
Adam Goren | 1975– | American | Musician | [42] |
Elizabeth Hughes Gossett | 1907–1981 | American | First American treated for diabetes with insulin therapy | [43] |
Devin K. Grayson | American | Writer of comic books and novels | [44] | |
Dorian Gregory | 1971– | American | Actor | [45] |
Sara Groenewegen | 1995– | Canadian | Softball player | [46] |
Kamal Haasan | 1954– | Indian | Actor | [47] |
Zuzana Haasová | 1981– | Slovak | Actress | [48] |
Este Haim | 1986– | American | Musician, bassist of Haim | [49] |
Gary Hall, Jr. | 1974– | American | Competitive swimmer | [50] |
Kevin Hansen | 1982– | American | Volleyball player | [51] |
Joonas Henttala | 1991– | Finnish | Racing cyclist | [52] |
Dana Hill | 1964–1996 | American | Actress | [53] |
Dave Hollins | 1966– | American | Major League Baseball third baseman | [54] |
Neil Hope | 1972–2007 | Canadian | Actor | [55] |
Lindsay Hoyle | 1957– | British | Speaker of the House of Commons | [56] |
Catfish Hunter | 1946–1999 | American | Major League Baseball right-handed pitcher | [54] |
Dan Hurley | 1957– | American | Author and journalist | [57] |
Natalie Irish | 1982– | American | Visual artist | [58] |
Jeremy Irvine | 1990– | British | Actor | [59] |
Chris Jarvis | 1980– | Canadian | Rower | [60] |
Jason Johnson | 1973– | American | Major League Baseball pitcher | [54] |
Nicole Johnson | 1974– | American | Miss America winner | [61] |
Nick Jonas | 1992– | American | Singer-songwriter, musician, and actor | [62] |
Rod Kafer | 1971– | Australian | Rugby union player | [63] |
Kaapo Kakko | 2001– | Finnish | Professional ice hockey player | [64] |
Sheku Kanneh-Mason | 1999– | English | Cellist | [65] |
Alan Kernaghan | 1967– | Irish | Footballer | [66] |
Fawad Khan | 1981– | Pakistani | Actor, film producer | [67] |
Charlie Kimball | 1985– | American | Auto racing driver | [68] |
Caitlin Kinnunen | 1991– | American | Actress | [69] |
Kelli Kuehne | 1977– | American | LPGA golfer | [70] |
Luke Kunin | 1997– | American | Ice hockey center | [71] |
Robert D. Lawrence | 1892–1968 | British | Physician; founder of British Diabetic Association | [72] |
Jay Leeuwenburg | 1969– | American | American football offensive lineman in the National Football League | [18] |
Gavin Lewis | 2003– | American | Actor | [73] |
Jerry Lewis | 1926–2017 | American | Actor, comedian | [74] |
Amelia Lily | 1994– | British | Pop singer | [75] |
Dominic Littlewood | 1965– | British | Television and journalist | [76] |
Mark Lowe | 1983– | American | Major League Baseball relief pitcher | [77] |
Gary Mabbutt | 1961– | British | English footballer | [78] |
Lewis Marnell | 1982–2013 | Australian | Skateboarder | [79] |
Theresa May | 1956– | British | Prime Minister of the United Kingdom | [80] |
Joan McCracken | 1917–1961 | American | Dancer, actress | [81] |
Dustin McGowan | 1982– | American | Major League Baseball pitcher | [77] |
Danny McGrain | 1950– | Scottish | Association football player | [82] |
Craig McMillan | 1976– | New Zealand | Cricketer | [5] |
Dennis David Coles | 1970– | American | Rapper, member of the Wu-Tang Clan | |
Bret Michaels | 1963– | American | Musician, actor, reality television personality | [83] |
Mary Tyler Moore | 1936–2017 | American | Actress | [84] |
Jordan Morris | 1994– | American | Major League Soccer player | [85] |
Adam Morrison | 1984– | American | Basketball player | [86] |
Brandon Morrow | 1984– | American | Major League Baseball pitcher | [77] |
Mary Mouser | 1996– | American | Actress | [87] |
Nacho | 1990– | Spanish | Footballer | [88] |
James Norton | 1985– | British | Actor | [89] |
Peter O'Toole | 1932–2013 | British-Irish | Actor | [90] |
Miguel Paludo | 1983– | Brazilian | Auto racing driver | [91] |
Eric Paslay | 1983– | American | Musician | [92] |
Dave Pember | 1978– | American | Major League Baseball pitcher | [93] |
Elizabeth Perkins | 1960– | American | Actress | [94] |
Toby Petersen | 1978– | American | Ice hockey right winger | [11] |
RaeLynn | 1994– | American | Singer | [92] |
Ryan Reed | 1993– | American | Auto racing driver | [95] |
Charlotte Regan | 1994– | British | Film director | [96] |
Sam Reid | 1989– | Australian | Australian rules football player | [97] |
Anne Rice | 1941–2021 | American | Author | [98] [99] |
Jonathan Rowson | 1977– | Scottish | Chess Grandmaster | [100] |
Theodore Ryder | 1916–1993 | American | One of the first twelve diabetes patients in the world to be treated using insulin, at the age of five | [101] |
John Rutsey | 1952–2008 | Canadian | Drummer of Rush | [102] |
Sergi Samper | 1995– | Spanish | Footballer | [103] |
Molly Sandén | 1992– | Swedish | Singer | [104] |
Sierra Sandison | 1993– | American | Beauty pageant titleholder | [105] |
Ron Santo | 1940–2010 | American | Major League Baseball third baseman | [18] |
Eva Saxl | 1921–2002 | Czech | Self-manufacturer of insulin | |
Kim Schrier | 1968– | American | Politician | [106] |
Kendall Simmons | 1979– | American | National Football League guard | [107] |
Henry Slade | 1993– | British | Rugby union player | [19] |
Jean Smart | 1951– | American | Actress | [108] |
Sonia Sotomayor | 1954– | American | Associate Justice of the Supreme Court of the United States | [109] |
Paul Sparks | 1971– | American | Actor | [110] |
Matthias Steiner | 1982– | German | Weightlifter, Olympic gold medalist | |
Jennifer Stone | 1993– | American | Actress | [111] |
Barney Storey | 1977– | British | Cyclist | [112] |
Derek Theler | 1986– | American | Actor | [113] |
Leonard Thompson | 1908–1935 | Canadian | First patient to receive insulin therapy | [114] |
Riley Tufte | 1998– | American | Ice hockey player | [115] |
Jim Turner | 1952– | American | Actor, comedian | [116] |
1964– | Filipino | Singer | ||
Fernando del Valle | 1964– | American | Operatic tenor | [117] |
Scott Verplank | 1964– | American | Professional golfer | [118] |
Dado Villa-Lobos | 1965– | Brazilian | Musician, guitarist of Legião Urbana | [119] |
Tonette Walker | 1955– | American | First Lady of Wisconsin | [120] |
Stephen Wallem | 1968– | American | Actor | [121] |
Brandon Wardell | 1992– | American | Stand-up comedian | [122] |
Washington | 1975– | Brazilian | Footballer | [123] |
Brad Wilk | 1968– | American | Musician | [124] |
Vanessa Williams | 1963– | American | Actress | [125] |
Wade Wilson | 1959–2019 | American | American football quarterback | [18] |
Elliott Yamin | 1978– | American | Singer | [126] |
Pär Zetterberg | 1970– | Swedish | Cyclist | [127] |
Alexander Zverev | 1997– | German | Professional tennis player | [128] |
James Gulley | 1986– | Canadian | Cyclist/Developer |
Diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA) is a potentially life-threatening complication of diabetes mellitus. Signs and symptoms may include vomiting, abdominal pain, deep gasping breathing, increased urination, weakness, confusion and occasionally loss of consciousness. A person's breath may develop a specific "fruity" smell. The onset of symptoms is usually rapid. People without a previous diagnosis of diabetes may develop DKA as the first obvious symptom.
Type 2 diabetes (T2D), formerly known as adult-onset diabetes, is a form of diabetes mellitus that is characterized by high blood sugar, insulin resistance, and relative lack of insulin. Common symptoms include increased thirst, frequent urination, fatigue and unexplained weight loss. Symptoms may also include increased hunger, having a sensation of pins and needles, and sores (wounds) that do not heal. Often, symptoms develop slowly. Long-term complications from high blood sugar include heart disease, stroke, diabetic retinopathy, which can result in blindness, kidney failure, and poor blood flow in the lower-limbs, which may lead to amputations. The sudden onset of hyperosmolar hyperglycemic state may occur; however, ketoacidosis is uncommon.
Glipizide, sold under the brand name Glucotrol among others, is an anti-diabetic medication of the sulfonylurea class used to treat type 2 diabetes. It is used together with a diabetic diet and exercise. It is not indicated for use by itself in type 1 diabetes. It is taken by mouth. Effects generally begin within half an hour and can last for up to a day.
Drugs used in diabetes treat diabetes mellitus by decreasing glucose levels in the blood. With the exception of insulin, most GLP-1 receptor agonists, and pramlintide, all diabetes medications are administered orally and are thus called oral hypoglycemic agents or oral antihyperglycemic agents. There are different classes of hypoglycemic drugs, and selection of the appropriate agent depends on the nature of diabetes, age, and situation of the person, as well as other patient factors.
The connecting peptide, or C-peptide, is a short 31-amino-acid polypeptide that connects insulin's A-chain to its B-chain in the proinsulin molecule. In the context of diabetes or hypoglycemia, a measurement of C-peptide blood serum levels can be used to distinguish between different conditions with similar clinical features.
Gestational diabetes is a condition in which a person without diabetes develops high blood sugar levels during pregnancy. Gestational diabetes generally results in few symptoms; however, it increases the risk of pre-eclampsia, depression, and of needing a Caesarean section. Babies born to individuals with poorly treated gestational diabetes are at increased risk of macrosomia, of having hypoglycemia after birth, and of jaundice. If untreated, diabetes can also result in stillbirth. Long term, children are at higher risk of being overweight and of developing type 2 diabetes.
Novo Nordisk A/S is a Danish multinational pharmaceutical company headquartered in Bagsværd with production facilities in nine countries and affiliates or offices in five countries. Novo Nordisk is controlled by majority shareholder Novo Holdings A/S which holds approximately 28% of its shares and a majority (77%) of its voting shares.
Feline diabetes mellitus is a chronic disease in cats whereby either insufficient insulin response or insulin resistance leads to persistently high blood glucose concentrations. Diabetes affects up to 1 in 230 cats, and may be becoming increasingly common. Diabetes is less common in cats than in dogs. The condition is treatable, and if treated properly the cat can experience a normal life expectancy. In cats with type 2 diabetes, prompt effective treatment may lead to diabetic remission, in which the cat no longer needs injected insulin. Untreated, the condition leads to increasingly weak legs in cats and eventually to malnutrition, ketoacidosis and/or dehydration, and death.
Type 1 diabetes (T1D), formerly known as juvenile diabetes, is an autoimmune disease that originates when cells that make insulin are destroyed by the immune system. Insulin is a hormone required for the cells to use blood sugar for energy and it helps regulate glucose levels in the bloodstream. It results in high blood sugar levels in the body prior to treatment. The common symptoms of this elevated blood sugar are frequent urination, increased thirst, increased hunger, weight loss, and other serious complications. Additional symptoms may include blurry vision, tiredness, and slow wound healing. Symptoms typically develop over a short period of time, often a matter of weeks if not months.
Richard K. Bernstein is a physician and an advocate for a low-carbohydrate diabetes diet to help achieve normal blood sugars for diabetics. Bernstein has type 1 diabetes. His private medical practice in Mamaroneck, New York is devoted solely to treating diabetes and prediabetes.
Insulin aspart, sold under the brand name NovoLog, among others, is a modified type of medical insulin used to treat type 1 and type 2 diabetes. It is generally used by injection under the skin but may also be used by injection into a vein. Maximum effect occurs after about 1–3 hours and lasts for 3–5 hours. Generally a longer-acting insulin like insulin NPH is also needed.
Insulin lispro, sold under the brand name Humalog among others, is a modified type of medical insulin used to treat type 1 and type 2 diabetes. It is delivered subcutaneously either by injection or from an insulin pump. Onset of effects typically occurs within 30 minutes and lasts about 5 hours. Often a longer-acting insulin like insulin NPH is also needed.
As a medication, insulin is any pharmaceutical preparation of the protein hormone insulin that is used to treat high blood glucose. Such conditions include type 1 diabetes, type 2 diabetes, gestational diabetes, and complications of diabetes such as diabetic ketoacidosis and hyperosmolar hyperglycemic states. Insulin is also used along with glucose to treat hyperkalemia. Typically it is given by injection under the skin, but some forms may also be used by injection into a vein or muscle. There are various types of insulin, suitable for various time spans. The types are often all called insulin in the broad sense, although in a more precise sense, insulin is identical to the naturally occurring molecule whereas insulin analogues have slightly different molecules that allow for modified time of action. It is on the World Health Organization's List of Essential Medicines. In 2021, it was the 179th most commonly prescribed medication in the United States, with more than 2 million prescriptions.
Complications of diabetes are secondary diseases that are a result of elevated blood glucose levels that occur in diabetic patients. These complications can be divided into two types: acute and chronic. Acute complications are complications that develop rapidly and can be exemplified as diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA), hyperglycemic hyperosmolar state (HHS), lactic acidosis (LA), and hypoglycemia. Chronic complications develop over time and are generally classified in two categories: microvascular and macrovascular. Microvascular complications include neuropathy, nephropathy, and retinopathy; while cardiovascular disease, stroke, and peripheral vascular disease are included in the macrovascular complications.
Diabetes mellitus is a disease in which the beta cells of the endocrine pancreas either stop producing insulin or can no longer produce it in enough quantity for the body's needs. The disease can affect humans as well as animals such as dogs.
Insulin degludec (INN/USAN) is an ultralong-acting basal insulin analogue that was developed by Novo Nordisk under the brand name Tresiba. It is administered via subcutaneous injection to help control the blood sugar level of those with diabetes. It has a duration of action that lasts up to 42 hours, making it a once-daily basal insulin, that is one that provides a base insulin level, as opposed to the fast- and short-acting bolus insulins.
Empagliflozin, sold under the brand name Jardiance, among others, is an antidiabetic medication used to improve glucose control in people with type 2 diabetes. It is taken by mouth.
Diabetes mellitus, often known simply as diabetes, is a group of common endocrine diseases characterized by sustained high blood sugar levels. Diabetes is due to either the pancreas not producing enough insulin, or the cells of the body becoming unresponsive to the hormone's effects. Classic symptoms include thirst, polyuria, weight loss, and blurred vision. If left untreated, the disease can lead to various health complications, including disorders of the cardiovascular system, eye, kidney, and nerves. Diabetes accounts for approximately 4.2 million deaths every year, with an estimated 1.5 million caused by either untreated or poorly treated diabetes.
Insulin glargine/lixisenatide, sold under the brand name Soliqua among others, is a fixed-dose combination medication that combines insulin glargine and lixisenatide and is used to treat diabetes.