Type XVII submarine

Last updated
U-1406.jpg
Type XVIIB submarine U-1406, partially dismantled shortly after the end of World War II
Class overview
Builders
Operators
Preceded by
Succeeded by Type XXIII (conventional coastal submarine)
Built1942 – 1945
In commission1943 – 1949
Planned16
Completed7
Cancelled9
General characteristics [1] [2] [3]
Type Coastal submarine
Displacement
  • Type XVIIA
  • Wa 201 :
    • 277 tonnes (273 long tons) surfaced
    • 309 t (304 long tons) submerged
    • 372 t (366 long tons) total
  • Wk 202 :
    • 236 t (232 long tons) surfaced
    • 259 t (255 long tons) submerged
    • 312 t (307 long tons) total
  • Type XVIIB
    • 312 t (307 long tons) surfaced
    • 337 t (332 long tons) submerged
    • 415 t (408 long tons) total
Length
  • Type XVIIA
  • Wa 201 :
  • Wk 202 :
    • 36.60 m (120 ft 1 in) o/a
  • Type XVIIB
    • 41.45 m (136 ft 0 in) o/a
    • 27.30 m (89 ft 7 in) pressure hull
Beam
  • 4.50 m (14 ft 9 in) o/a
  • Type XVIIAWa 201 & Type XVIIB :
    • 3.30 m (10 ft 10 in) pressure hull
  • Type XVIIAWk 202 :
    • 3.40 m (11 ft 2 in) pressure hull
Draft
  • Type XVIIAWa 201 & Type XVIIB :
    • 4.30 m (14 ft 1 in)
  • Type XVIIAWk 202 :
    • 4.55 m (14 ft 11 in)
Propulsion
  • 1 × Deutz SAA SM517 supercharged 8-cylinder Diesel engine, 210 PS (210 shp; 150 kW)
  • 1 × AEG Maschine AWT98 electric motor, 77 PS (76 shp; 57 kW)
  • 1 shaft
  • Type XVIIAWa 201U-792 & Wk 202 :
    • 2 × Walter gas turbines, 5,000 PS (4,900 shp; 3,700 kW)
  • Type XVIIAWa 201U-793 & Type XVIIB :
    • 1 × Walter gas turbine, 2,500 PS (2,500 shp; 1,800 kW)
Speed
  • Type XVIIA
    • 9 knots (17 km/h; 10 mph) surfaced
    • 5 knots (9.3 km/h; 5.8 mph) submerged (electric drive)
    • 25 knots (46 km/h; 29 mph) submerged (HTP drive)
  • Type XVIIB
    • 8.8 knots (16.3 km/h; 10.1 mph) surfaced
    • 5 knots (9.3 km/h; 5.8 mph) submerged (electric drive)
    • 25 knots (46 km/h; 29 mph) submerged (HTP drive)
Range
  • Type XVIIA, Wa 201 :
    • 2,910  nmi (5,390 km; 3,350 mi) at 8.5 knots (15.7 km/h; 9.8 mph) surfaced
    • 50 nmi (93 km; 58 mi) at 2 knots (3.7 km/h; 2.3 mph) submerged (electric drive)
    • 127 nmi (235 km; 146 mi) at 20 knots (37 km/h; 23 mph) submerged (HTP drive)
  • Wk 202 :
    • 1,840  nmi (3,410 km; 2,120 mi) at 9 knots (17 km/h; 10 mph) surfaced
    • 76 nmi (141 km; 87 mi) at 2 knots (3.7 km/h; 2.3 mph) submerged (electric drive)
    • 117 nmi (217 km; 135 mi) at 20 knots (37 km/h; 23 mph) submerged (HTP drive)
  • Type XVIIB
    • 3,000  nmi (5,600 km; 3,500 mi) at 8 knots (15 km/h; 9.2 mph) surfaced
    • 76 nmi (141 km; 87 mi) at 2 knots (3.7 km/h; 2.3 mph) submerged (electric drive)
    • 123 nmi (228 km; 142 mi) at 25 knots (46 km/h; 29 mph) submerged (HTP drive)
Complement
  • Type XVIIA : 12
  • Type XVIIB : 19
Armament

The Type XVII U-boats were small coastal submarines that used a high-test peroxide propulsion system, which offered a combination of air-independent propulsion and high submerged speeds.

Contents

Background

In the early 1930s Hellmuth Walter had designed a small, high-speed submarine with a streamlined form propelled by high-test peroxide (HTP) and in 1939 he was awarded a contract to build an experimental vessel, the 80 ton V-80, which achieved an underwater speed of 28.1 knots (52.0 km/h; 32.3 mph) during trials in 1940. On 14 November 1941 Admirals Erich Raeder and Werner Fuchs (head of the Kriegsmarine 's Construction Office) witnessed a demonstration of the V-80; [4] Raeder was impressed, but Fuchs was slow to approve further tests.

Following the success of the V-80's trials, Walter contacted Karl Dönitz in January 1942, who enthusiastically embraced the idea and requested that these submarines be developed as quickly as possible. An initial order was placed in summer 1942 for four Type XVIIA development submarines.

Construction

Of these, U-792 and U-793, designated Wa 201, were built by Blohm + Voss, achieved 20.25 kn (37.50 km/h; 23.30 mph) submerged. The other pair of Type XVIIA submarines, U-794 and U-795, designated Wk 202, were constructed by Friedrich Krupp Germaniawerft, Kiel. [5]

The U-793 achieved a submerged speed of 22 kn (41 km/h; 25 mph) in March 1944 with Admiral Dönitz aboard. In June 1944 U-792 achieved 25 kn (46 km/h; 29 mph) over a measured mile. [6]

The Type XVIIA submarines were found to be very hard to handle at high speed, and were plagued by numerous mechanical problems, low efficiency, and the fact that a significant amount of power was lost due to increased back pressure on the exhaust at depth. Also, the length to beam ratio was too low, resulting in an unnecessarily high drag. [6]

Admiral Fuchs argued that introducing a new type of U-boat would hinder current production efforts, but Dönitz argued the case for them and on 4 January 1943 the Kriegsmarine ordered 24 Type XVII submarines. [7]

Construction of operational Type XVII submarines – the Type XVIIB – was begun at the Blohm + Voss yard in Hamburg. The Type XVIIB, unlike the XVIIA, had only a single turbine. The initial order was for 12 submarines, U-1405 through U-1416. [8] However, Blohm + Voss were already struggling to cope with orders for Type XXI submarines and the Kriegsmarine reduced the order to six.

Projected types

Twelve Type XVIIG of slightly improved design, U-1081 through U-1092, were at the same time ordered from Germaniawerft. [8]

A projected Type XVIIK would have abandoned the Walter system for closed-cycle Diesel engines using pure oxygen from onboard tanks. The only boat, U-798, was still unfinished at the Krupp Germaniawerft at the end of the war.

Completed boats

Three Type XVIIB boats were completed by Blohm + Voss of Hamburg between 1943 and 1945: U-1405, U-1406 and U-1407. U-1405 was completed in December 1944, U-1406 in February 1945, and U-1407 in March 1945. [9]

A further three boats (U-1408 to U-1410) were under construction, but were not complete when the war ended. Another six Type XVIIB's (U-1411 to U-1416) were cancelled during the war in favour of the Type XXI submarine. [2]

Post war

Type XVIIB boat (probably U-1406 or U-1407) raised by floating crane in Bremerhaven, August, 1945 Type XVIIB Submarine SC 210745.jpg
Type XVIIB boat (probably U-1406 or U-1407) raised by floating crane in Bremerhaven, August, 1945

All three completed Type XVIIB boats were scuttled by their crews at the end of World War II, U-1405 at Flensburg, and U-1406 and U-1407 at Cuxhaven, all in the British Zone of Occupation. [9] U-1406 and U-1407 were scuttled on 7 May 1945 by Oberleutnant zur See Gerhard Grumpelt, even though a superior officer, Kapitän zur See Kurt Thoma, had prohibited such actions. Grumpelt was subsequently sentenced to seven years imprisonment by a British military court. [10]

At the Potsdam Conference in July 1945 U-1406 was allocated to the United States and U-1407 to Britain, and both were soon salvaged. The uncompleted U-1408 and U-1410 were discovered by British forces at the Blohm + Voss yard in Hamburg. [9]

The United States Navy did not repair and operate U-1406 as it had with the two Type XXI submarines it had captured. She travelled to the United States as deck cargo, having been stripped after being damaged by fire and twice flooded. Portsmouth Naval Shipyard estimated it would cost $1 million to put her into service, but plans to do so were rejected due to the perceived fire hazard and high cost of HTP, and she was broken up in New York harbour some time after 18 May 1948. [11]

The Royal Navy repaired U-1407 and recommissioned her on 25 September 1945 as HMS Meteorite. She served as the model for two further HTP boats, the Explorer-class submarines, HMS Explorer and HMS Excalibur.

List of boats

Type XVIIA

Wa 201 — Blohm + Voss, Hamburg

Wk 202 — Germaniawerft, Kiel

Type XVIIB — Blohm + Voss, Hamburg

Related Research Articles

Type XXIII submarine German coastal submarine class

German Type XXIII submarines were the first so-called elektroboote to become operational. They were small coastal submarines designed to operate in the shallow waters of the North Sea, Black Sea and Mediterranean Sea, where larger Type XXI electric boats were at risk in World War II. They were so small they could carry only two torpedoes, which had to be loaded externally. As with their far larger sisters—the Type XXI—they were able to remain submerged almost all of the time and were faster than conventional U-boats, due to the improved streamlining of their shape, batteries with larger capacity and the snorkel, which allowed the diesel engines to be used while submerged. The Type XXI and XXIII U-boats revolutionized post-war submarine design. Nearly a thousand Type XXIII boats were projected towards the close of World War II, but most of these were either cancelled, scrapped incomplete, or only projected.

HMS <i>Meteorite</i> German experimental U-boat

HMS Meteorite was an experimental U-boat developed in Germany, scuttled at the end of World War II, subsequently raised and commissioned into the Royal Navy. The submarine was originally commissioned into the Kriegsmarine on 13 March 1945 as U-1407. She was built around a Walter engine fueled by high-test peroxide (HTP), the fuel known as T-Stoff in German service.

German submarine U-554 was a Type VIIC U-boat of Nazi Germany's Kriegsmarine during World War II. The submarine was laid down on 1 December 1939 at the Blohm & Voss yard in Hamburg as yard number 530, launched on 7 November 1940, and commissioned on 15 January 1941 under the command of Kapitänleutnant Dietrich Lohmann.

German submarine U-795 was a Type XVIIA U-boat of Nazi Germany's Kriegsmarine during World War II.

German submarine U-794 was a Type XVIIA U-boat of Nazi Germany's Kriegsmarine during the Second World War. She was one of a small number of U-boats fitted with Hellmuth Walter's high test peroxide propulsion system, which offered a combination of air-independent propulsion and high submerged speeds. She spent the war as a trials vessel and was scuttled on 5 May 1945 in Gelting Bay.

German submarine U-587 was a Type VIIC U-boat built for Nazi Germany's Kriegsmarine for service during World War II. She was laid down on 31 October 1940 by Blohm & Voss, Hamburg as yard number 563, launched on 23 July 1941 and commissioned on 11 September 1941 under Korvettenkapitän Ulrich Borcherdt.

German submarine U-604 was a Type VIIC U-boat built for Nazi Germany's Kriegsmarine for service during World War II. She was laid down on 27 February 1941 by Blohm & Voss in Hamburg as yard number 580, launched on 16 November 1941 and commissioned on 8 January 1942 under Kapitänleutnant Horst Höltring.

German submarine U-600 was a Type VIIC U-boat built for Nazi Germany's Kriegsmarine for service during World War II. She was laid down on 25 January 1941 by Blohm & Voss in Hamburg as yard number 576, launched on 16 October 1941 and commissioned on 11 December 1941 under Kapitänleutnant Bernhard Zurmühlen.

German submarine U-614 was a Type VIIC U-boat built for Nazi Germany's Kriegsmarine for service during World War II. She was laid down on 6 May 1941 by Blohm & Voss, Hamburg as yard number 590, launched on 29 January 1942 and commissioned on 19 March 1942 under Oberleutnant zur See Wolfgang Sträter.

German submarine U-560 was a Type VIIC U-boat of Nazi Germany's Kriegsmarine during World War II. She carried out no patrols, sank no ships, and was scuttled on 3 May 1945 in Kiel. The wreck was broken up in 1946. The submarine was laid down on 1 February 1940 at Blohm & Voss, Hamburg as yard number 536, launched on 10 January 1941 and commissioned on 6 March under the command of Oberleutnant zur See Hans-Jürgen Zetzsche. She served with the 24th U-boat Flotilla from 6 March 1941 for training and was reassigned to the 22nd flotilla on 1 December 1943, then the 31st flotilla on 1 March 1945.

German submarine U-574 was a Type VIIC U-boat of Nazi Germany's Kriegsmarine during World War II. She carried out one war patrol and sank one warship of 1,190 tons. The U-boat was sunk west of Portugal on 19 December 1941.

German submarine U-581 was a Type VIIC U-boat of Nazi Germany's Kriegsmarine during World War II.

German submarine U-630 was a Type VIIC U-boat built for Nazi Germany's Kriegsmarine for service during World War II. She was laid down on 23 August 1941 by Blohm & Voss, Hamburg as yard number 606, launched on 12 May 1942 and commissioned on 9 July 1942 under Oberleutnant zur See Werner Winkler.

German submarine U-638 was a Type VIIC U-boat built for Nazi Germany's Kriegsmarine for service during World War II. She was laid down on 16 October 1941 by Blohm & Voss, Hamburg as yard number 614, launched on 8 July 1942 and commissioned on 3 September 1942 under Kapitänleutnant Oskar Staudinger.

German submarine <i>U-643</i> German World War II submarine

German submarine U-643 was a Type VIIC U-boat of Nazi Germany's Kriegsmarine during World War II. The submarine was laid down on 1 December 1941 at the Blohm & Voss yard at Hamburg, launched on 20 August 1942, and commissioned on 8 October 1942 under the command of Oberleutnant zur See Hans-Harald Speidel.

German submarine U-792 was a Type XVIIA U-boat of Nazi Germany's Kriegsmarine during the Second World War. She was one of a small number of U-boats fitted with Hellmuth Walter's high test peroxide propulsion system, which offered a combination of air-independent propulsion and high submerged speeds. She spent the war as a trials vessel and was scuttled on 4 May 1945 in the Audorfer See, near Rendsburg.

German submarine U-793 was a Type XVIIA U-boat of Nazi Germany's Kriegsmarine during the Second World War. She was one of a small number of U-boats fitted with Hellmuth Walter's high test peroxide propulsion system, which offered a combination of air-independent propulsion and high submerged speeds. She spent the war as a trials vessel and was scuttled on 4 May 1945 in the Audorfer See, near Rendsburg.

German submarine <i>U-1405</i> German World War II submarine

German submarine U-1405 was a Type XVIIB U-boat of Nazi Germany's Kriegsmarine during the Second World War. She was one of a small number of U-boats fitted with Hellmuth Walter's high test peroxide propulsion system, which offered a combination of air-independent propulsion and high submerged speeds.

German submarine <i>U-1406</i> German World War II submarine

German submarine U-1406 was a Type XVIIB U-boat of Nazi Germany's Kriegsmarine during the Second World War. She was one of a small number of U-boats fitted with Hellmuth Walter's high test peroxide propulsion system, which offered a combination of air-independent propulsion and high submerged speeds.

References

  1. ↑ Helgason, Guðmundur. "Type XVIIA Walter boats". German U-boats of WWII - uboat.net. Retrieved 21 December 2009.
  2. 1 2 Helgason, Guðmundur. "Type XVIIB Walter boats". German U-boats of WWII - uboat.net. Retrieved 21 December 2009.
  3. ↑ "This page contains details on the German U-Boat Type III, Type IV, Type V, Type VI, Type VIII, Type XI, Type XII, Type XIII, XV, XVI, VB60, V80, U-179, XVII". www.sharkhunters.com. Archived from the original on 24 February 2010. Retrieved 21 December 2009.
  4. ↑ Rössler (2001), p. 174.
  5. ↑ Williamson (2005), p. 66.
  6. 1 2 Polmar, p. 33
  7. ↑ Grier, Howard D (2007). Hitler, Dönitz, and the Baltic Sea. Naval Institute Press. p. 174. ISBN   978-1-59114-345-1.
  8. 1 2 Akermann, Paul (2002). Encyclopedia of British Submarines 1901–1955. Periscope Publishing. p. 471. ISBN   1-904381-05-7.
  9. 1 2 3 Polmar, p. 35
  10. ↑ Madsen, Chris (1998). The Royal Navy and German Naval Disarmament, 1942-1947. Routledge. p. 180. ISBN   0-7146-4823-X.
  11. ↑ Friedman, Norman (1994). U.S. Submarines Since 1945: An Illustrated Design History. Naval Institute Press. p. 249. ISBN   1-55750-260-9.

Bibliography

Further reading

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