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Formation | 23 January 2007 [1] |
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Type | Monitoring |
Head | Karin Landgren |
Parent organization | United Nations Security Council |
Website | UNMIN website |
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The United Nations Mission in Nepal or UNMIN was a special political mission in Nepal, established by the UN Security Council in January 2007 through resolution 1740 [2] 40 (2007) to assist in implementing key aspects of the Comprehensive Peace Agreement that ended the internal armed conflict in the South Asian country. The mandate was subsequently extended in resolutions 1796 (2008), 1825 (2008), 1864 (2009), 1879 (2009) and 1909 (2010). UNMIN ceased its operations on January 15, 2011.
Following the Comprehensive Peace Agreement signed on 21 November 2006 between the Government of Nepal and the Communist Party of Nepal (Maoist) [3] at the end of the Nepalese Civil War, the United Nations received a request for assistance, [4] and established the political mission United Nations Mission in Nepal (UNMIN) on 23 January 2007 to monitor the disarmament of Maoist rebels and the preparations for Constituent Assembly elections in 2007. [1]
In 2009 the mandate was renewed, but with a phased withdrawal of UNMIN staff, [5] in line with a report by the Secretary-General. [6] In passing Resolution 1909 (2010), the Security Council hoped to end UNMIN by May 15, 2010.
The Special Representative of the Secretary-General leading the mission prior to the 2009 mandate renewal was Ian Martin. He gave his final briefing to the Security Council in January 2009 [7] and was replaced by Karin Landgren as the Representative of the Secretary-General. [8]
A leaked footage of Prachanda, then supremo of Maoist rebels, was telecasted by Image Channel on May 5, 2009, that clearly shows Prachanda explaining the maoist leadership and cadres how he was able to deceive UNMIN into verifying nearly 20,000 people as maoist fighters by telling them the number was 35,000, when in reality their number was actually less than 8,000. [9] [10] [11]
UNMIN ceased its operations on January 15, 2011. This was followed by a technical and administrative closure of the mission.
The Nepalese Civil War was a protracted armed conflict that took place in the former Kingdom of Nepal from 1996 to 2006. It saw countrywide fighting between the Nepalese royal government and the Communist Party of Nepal (Maoist), with the latter making significant use of guerrilla warfare. The conflict began on 13 February 1996, when the CPN (Maoist) initiated an insurgency with the stated purpose of overthrowing the Nepalese monarchy and establishing a people's republic; it ended with the signing of the Comprehensive Peace Accord on 21 November 2006.
The Communist Party of Nepal (Maoist Centre) (Nepali: नेपाल कम्युनिस्ट पार्टी (माओवादी केन्द्र)), abbreviated CPN (Maoist Centre), CPN-Maoist Centre, CPN Maoist Centre, or CPN (MC), is the third largest political party in Nepal. It was founded in 1994 after breaking away from the Communist Party of Nepal (Unity Centre). The party launched an armed struggle in 1996 against the Nepalese government. In 2006, the party formally joined mainstream politics after signing a peace agreement following the 2006 Nepalese revolution.
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United Nations Security Council Resolution 1864, adopted unanimously January 23, 2009, after recalling resolution 1740 (2007), 1796 (2008) and 1825 (2008) on the situation in Nepal, the Council extended the mandate of the United Nations Mission in Nepal (UNMIN), whose mandate expired that day, by another six months until July 23, 2009.
Karin Landgren is the executive director of the independent think tank Security Council Report. A former United Nations Under-Secretary-General, she has headed multiple UN peace operations. She has also worked extensively in humanitarian response, development, and protection with the UN refugee agency, UNHCR, and the UN Children's Fund, UNICEF.
United Nations Security Council Resolution 1909, adopted unanimously on January 21, 2010, after recalling resolutions 1740 (2007), 1796 (2008), 1825 (2008), 1864 (2009) and 1879 (2008), the Council extended the mandate for the United Nations Mission in Nepal (UNMIN) until May 15, 2010 at the request of Nepal, deciding that it should also end on this date and further requiring UNMIN to hand over residual responsibilities including the monitoring of weapons and armed personnel.
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United Nations Security Council Resolution 1939, adopted unanimously on September 15, 2010, after recalling previous resolutions on the situation in Nepal, including Resolution 1921 (2010), the Council extended the mandate of the United Nations Mission in Nepal (UNMIN) until January 15, 2011 amid concern over rising political tensions in the country.
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