| Vahlkampfiidae | |
|---|---|
 | |
| Naegleria fowleri | |
Scientific classification  | |
| Domain: | Eukaryota |
| Phylum: | Percolozoa |
| Class: | Heterolobosea |
| Order: | Schizopyrenida |
| Family: | Vahlkampfiidae |
| Genera [1] | |
Vahlkampfiidae is a family of Heterolobosea. [2]
It includes the following genera:
The Percolozoa are a group of colourless, non-photosynthetic Excavata, including many that can transform between amoeboid, flagellate, and cyst stages.
The National Center for Biotechnology Information (NCBI) is part of the United States National Library of Medicine (NLM), a branch of the National Institutes of Health (NIH). It is approved and funded by the government of the United States. The NCBI is located in Bethesda, Maryland and was founded in 1988 through legislation sponsored by Senator Claude Pepper.
Excavata is a major supergroup of unicellular organisms belonging to the domain Eukaryota. It was first suggested by Simpson and Patterson in 1999 and introduced by Thomas Cavalier-Smith in 2002 as a formal taxon. It contains a variety of free-living and symbiotic forms, and also includes some important parasites of humans, including Giardia and Trichomonas. Excavates were formerly considered to be included in the now obsolete Protista kingdom. They are classified based on their flagellar structures, and they are considered to be the most basal Flagellate lineage. Phylogenomic analyses split the members of the Excavates into three different and not all closely related groups: Discobids, Metamonads and Malawimonads. Except for Euglenozoa, they are all non-photosynthetic.
A spirochaete or spirochete is a member of the phylum Spirochaetes, which contains distinctive diderm (double-membrane) bacteria, most of which have long, helically coiled cells. Spirochaetes are chemoheterotrophic in nature, with lengths between 3 and 500 μm and diameters around 0.09 to at least 3 μm.
Alphaproteobacteria is a class of bacteria in the phylum Proteobacteria. Its members are highly diverse and possess few commonalities, but nevertheless share a common ancestor. Like all Proteobacteria, its members are gram-negative and some of its intracellular parasitic members lack peptidoglycan and are consequently gram variable.
Bicosoecida (ICZN) or Bicosoecales/Bicoecea (ICBN) is an order of Bikosea, a small group of unicellular flagellates, included among the heterokonts. Informally known as bicosoecids, they are a small group of unicellular flagellates, included among the heterokonts. The cells are free-living, with no chloroplasts, and in some genera are encased in a lorica.
Sagenista is a group of heterokonts containing the labyrinthulids and Eogyrea, a class of yet uncultured protists. Originally, it contained the Labyrinthulids and bicosoecids. However at present the bicosoecids have been removed, and Eogyrea were added, in order to make the group monophyletic.
Phalansterium is a genus of single-celled flagellated organisms comprising several species, which form colonies. Phalansterium produces tetraspores.
Loukozoa is a proposed taxon used in some classifications of eukaryotes, consisting of the Metamonada and Malawimonadea. Ancyromonads are closely related to this group, as sister of the entire group, or as sister of the Metamonada. Amorphea may have emerged in this grouping, specifically as sister of the Malawimonads.
Thaumatomonadida is an order of flagellates.
Myzozoa is a grouping of specific phyla within Alveolata, that either feed through myzocytosis, or were ancestrally capable of feeding through myzocytosis.
Vahlkampfia is a genus of amoeboids in Heterolobosea.
Willaertia /ˈwɪləɹʃə/ is a genus of non-pathogenic, free-living, thermophilic amoebae in the family Vahlkampfiidae.
The Negativicutes are a class of bacteria in the phylum Firmicutes, whose members have a peculiar cell wall with a lipopolysaccharide outer membrane which stains gram-negative, unlike most other members of the Firmicutes. Although several neighbouring Clostridia species also stain gram-negative, the proteins responsible for the unusual diderm structure of the Negativicutes may have actually been laterally acquired from Proteobacteria. Additional research is required to confirm the origin of the diderm cell envelope in the Negativicutes.
Paramecium sonneborni is a species of unicellular organisms belonging to the genus Paramecium of the phylum Ciliophora. It was first isolated in Texas and named after Tracy M. Sonneborn. It is a member of the Paramecium aurelia species complex. They are covered in cilia and are distinguished by their difference in mating patterns and enzyme patterns. The length of Paramecium sonneborni is between 130 and 186 μm with a mean length of 154μm. It is the newest member of the Paramecium aurelia species complex. The current Paramecium sonneborni strains, so far, reveal very low viability in the generations and are a result of allopatric speciation.
The Platyproteum are a genus of parasitic alveolates in the phylum Apicomplexa. Species in this genus infect marine invertebrates.
The Flabellinia are a subclass of Amoebozoa. During locomotion the cells are flattened and have a clear layer called hyaloplasm along the front margin. Some form slender subpseudopodia projecting outward from the hyaloplasm, but the cell mass does not flow into these as in true pseudopodia, and advances without a definite central axis as in the Tubulinea. They also lack distinctive features like shells and flagella, and are united mainly by evidence from molecular trees.
The neokaryotes are a proposed eukaryote clade consisting of the unikonts and the bikonts as sister of for instance the Jakobea. It arises because the Euglenozoa, Percolozoa, Tsukubea, and Jakobea are seen in this view as more basal eukaryotes. These four groups, are traditionally grouped together in the Discoba. However, the Discoba may well be paraphyletic as the neokaryotes may have emerged in them.
The Scotokaryotes (Cavalier-Smith) is a proposed basal Neokaryote clade as sister of the Diaphoretickes. Basal Scotokaryote groupings are the Metamonads, the Malawimonas and the Podiata. In this phylogeny the Discoba are sometimes seen as paraphyletic and basal Eukaryotes.
Rictus is a genus of Bikosea, a small group of unicellular flagellates, included among the heterokonts.
Garstecki, Tobias; Brown, Susan; De Jonckheere, Johan (29 April 2005). "Description of Vahlkampfia signyensis n. sp. (Heterolobosea), based on morphological, ultrastructural and molecular characteristics". European Journal of Protistology. 41 (2): 119–127. doi:10.1016/j.ejop.2005.01.003.
Hinkle, Gregory; Sogin, Mitchell L. (September 1993). "The Evolution of the Vahlkampfiidae as Deduced from 16S-like Ribosomal RNA Analysis". Journal of Eukaryotic Microbiology. 40 (5): 599–603. doi:10.1111/j.1550-7408.1993.tb06114.x. PMID 8401474.
De Jonckheere, Johan (January 2007). "Molecular identification of free-living amoebae of the Vahlkampfiidae and Acanthamoebidae isolated in Arizona (USA)". European Journal of Protistology. 43 (1): 9–15. doi:10.1016/j.ejop.2006.09.001. PMID 17222746.
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