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John Augustus Larson was a Police Officer for Berkeley, California, United States, and famous for his invention of modern polygraph used in forensic investigations. He was the first American police officer having an academic doctorate and to use polygraph in criminal investigations. After a famed career in criminal investigation, he died of a heart attack in Nashville, Tennessee, at the age of 73.
Othello occurs when a suspicious observer discounts cues of truthfulness. Essentially the Othello error occurs, Paul Ekman states, "when the lie catcher fails to consider that a truthful person who is under stress may appear to be lying", their non-verbal signals expressing their worry at the possibility of being disbelieved. A lie-detector or polygraph may be deceived in the same way, by misinterpreting nervous signals from a truthful person. The error is named after William Shakespeare's tragic play Othello; the dynamics between the two main characters, Othello and Desdemona, are a particularly well-known example of the error in practice.
John J. Furedy was a Hungarian-born Australian and Canadian psychophysiologist and distinguished research professor of psychology at the University of Toronto, noted for his extensive empirical research into the unreliability of the polygraph test in lie detection and similar problems associated with biofeedback, as well as addressing contemporary issues concerning academic freedom.
References
- 1 2 National Research Council (2003). The Polygraph and Lie Detection. National Academies Press. ISBN 9780309263924.
- ↑ Eriksson, A. & Lacerda, F. (2007). Charlatanry in forensic speech science: A problem to be taken seriously. International Journal of Speech, Language and the Law, 14(2), 169–193. doi : 10.1558/ijsll.2007.14.2.169
- ↑ Lykken, David T. (1998). A tremor in the blood : uses and abuses of the lie detector. New York: Plenum Trade. pp. 196ff. ISBN 978-0306457821.
- ↑ Haddad, Darren; Walter, Sharon; Ratley, Roy; Smith, Megan (March 20, 2002), Investigation and Evaluation of Voice Stress Analysis Technology (PDF), United States Department of Justice, Document No. 193832, Award Number: 98-LB-VX-A013,
[A] variety of factors could influence the presence or absence of the [voice pitch] microtremors, which are claimed to exist in our muscle control during speech production. It is clearly unlikely that a single measure such as that based on the computerized voice stress analyzer could be universally successful in assessing stress...it is not possible to cleanly separate the excitation signal into components due to emotion and those due to deception...a suspect under questioning would also display natural stress even if he were not guilty.
- ↑ Lacerda, Francisco (May 2013). Voice stress analyses: Science and pseudoscience. Proceedings of Meetings on Acoustics. Vol. 19. p. 060003. doi:10.1121/1.4799435.
- ↑ Lacerda, Francisco (17 May 2013). Voice stress analyses: Science and pseudoscience. Proceedings of Meetings on Acoustics. Vol. 19. p. 060003. doi:10.1121/1.4799435.
- ↑ Zambo, Kristen (June 19, 2014). "Statements in rape case allowed in, made 17 hours after voice stress test, judge rules". Journal Times (Racine, WI).
- ↑ Marshall, Scott (May 25, 2005). "Maker of voice-analysis machine settles Crowe lawsuit". The San Diego Union Tribune.
- ↑ Kronebusch, Lauren. "Critic says Longview police got a false confession out of Donovan Allen".
- ↑ Kovaleski, Serge F. (16 May 2012). "Trayvon Martin Case Shadowed by Police Missteps". The New York Times.