In 2021 France reached a total of 18,676 megawatts (MW) installed wind power capacity [1] placing France at that time as the world's seventh largest wind power nation by installed capacity, behind the United Kingdom and Brazil and ahead of Canada and Italy. According to the IEA the yearly wind production was 20.2 TWh in 2015, representing almost 23% of the 88.4 TWh from renewable sources in France during that year. [2] Wind provided 4.3% of the country's electricity demand in 2015. [2]
France has the second largest wind potential in Europe. [3] The country's large wind power potential is due to its large land area and extensive agricultural landscape where turbines may be located more readily as well as access to considerable offshore resources.
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2014 | 2018 | 2023 low | 2023 high | |
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Onshore wind power | 9,300 MW | 15,000 MW | 21,800 MW | 26,000 MW |
Onshore wind power is projected to rise to 15,000 MW by 2018 and between a low target scenario of 21,800 MW and a high target scenario of 26,000 MW by 2023. [2]
Between 2004 and 2011, high costs and local fishing communities prevented some projects in the public ocean domain. After 2013, information was improved, and permissioning was moved from local to national regulatory authority. [12]
The first commercial offshore wind power project came on line in 2022 with 480 MW capacity. [13] By 2023 another traditional 3,000 MW of capacity is expected to come online with an additional 500 to 6,000 MW of performance dependent installation planned. Marine energy including floating wind turbines will add an additional 100 MW as well as an additional 200 to 2000 MW of capacity by 2023. Overall including marine energy offshore installed capacity will rise to between 3,100 and 11,100 MW by 2023. French law requires owners to decommission facilities at their end-of-life. [12]
The 2022 plan for 2050 is for 40 GW of offshore wind energy. [14]
Auctions started in 2018 and in 2021 France introduced a scheme to combine auctions for all types of renewables, called PPE2.
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The following offshore windfarm projects listed have been successful at the auctions.
No. | Wind farm | Coordinates | Cap. (MW) | Turbines | Commissioned | Build cost/ Strike price | Depth range (m) | km to shore | Owner | Refs. |
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1 2012 | Banc de Guérande | 47°09′36″N2°36′25″W / 47.16°N 2.607°W | 480 | 80 x 6 MW Haliade 150-6MW (GE Energy) | 2022 [25] | €2 billion @€150MWh | 10-21m | 12 km | EDF, Enbridge and WPD | [26] [27] [28] |
Projet eolien en Mer de la Baie de Saint-Brieuc | 48°51′14″N2°32′13″W / 48.854°N 2.537°W | 496 | 62 x 8 MW AD8-180 (Adwen) | 2024 [29] | €2.4 billion @€155MWh | 28-36m | 16.3 km | Iberdrola, Eole-RES and CDC | [28] [30] [31] [32] | |
Hautes Falaises (Fécamp) | 49°53′31″N0°13′37″E / 49.892°N 0.227°E | 498 | 83 x 6 MW Haliade 150-6MW (GE Energy) | 2023 planned [33] | €2 billion @€150MWh | 25-31m | 13 km | EDF, Enbridge and WPD | [28] [34] | |
Calvados | 49°28′12″N0°31′19″W / 49.470°N 0.522°W | 448 | 75 x 6 MW Haliade 150-6MW (GE Energy) | 2024 planned [35] [36] | €1.8 billion @€150MWh | 21-30m | 11 km | EDF, Enbridge and WPD | [28] [37] | |
2 2014 | Dieppe Le Tréport | 50°9′N1°7′E / 50.150°N 1.117°E | 496 | 62 x 8 MW Siemens Gamesa SG 8.0-167 DD | 2025 planned | €2.7 billion @€150MWh | 14-24m | 15.5 km | Engie, EDPR, Sumitomo Corp and CDC | [28] [38] |
Îles d’Yeu et de Noirmoutier | 46°52′8.8″N2°30′36.7″W / 46.869111°N 2.510194°W | 496 | 62 x 8 MW Siemens Gamesa SG 8.0-167 DD | 2025 planned | €2.5 billion @€137MWh | 19-36m | 11.7 km | Engie, EDPR, Sumitomo Corp and CDC | [28] [39] | |
3 2019 | Dunkerque | 600 | 46 x | 2028 planned | €1.6 billion @€44MWh | 11.4 km | Eoliennes en mer de Dunkerque (EDF, Innogy and Enbridge) | [28] | ||
4 2023 | Centre Manche 1 | 1,050 | 47 x | 2031 planned | €2 billion @€44.9MWh | >32 km | EDF & Maple Power | [40] | ||
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France is operating a number of offshore test sites for prototype floating wind turbines which would allow turbines to be located in deeper waters. These include the Nenaphur test site, [41] the Nenuphar twin float, [42] the Floatgen Project [43] and the Sem-Rev Site d'Experimentation en Mer [44] which also tests wave energy converters.
On 30 April 2021, the French government launched a call for tenders for the first floating wind farm project in France. The wind farm is to be situated in southern Brittany and will generate between 230 and 270 MW when operating at capacity. [45]
A wind farm or wind park, also called a wind power station or wind power plant, is a group of wind turbines in the same location used to produce electricity. Wind farms vary in size from a small number of turbines to several hundred wind turbines covering an extensive area. Wind farms can be either onshore or offshore.
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