Wind power in Russia

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Wind turbine near an Omni Hotel, Murmansk. The wind power potential of Murmansk Oblast is one of the largest among regions of Russian. Wind turbine in Omni Hotel Murmansk.jpg
Wind turbine near an Omni Hotel, Murmansk. The wind power potential of Murmansk Oblast is one of the largest among regions of Russian.

Wind power in Russia has a long history of small-scale use, but the country has not yet developed large-scale commercial wind energy production. Most of its current limited wind production is located in agricultural areas with low population densities, where connection to the main energy grid is difficult. By 2018, Russia had a total installed wind capacity of 106 MW, a nearly ten-fold increase over 2016 but still a tiny share of the country’s potential. [1]

Contents

Russia is estimated to have a total potential of 80,000 TWh/yr for wind energy, 6,218 TWh/yr of which is economically feasible. [2] Most of this potential is found in the southern steppes and the seacoasts of the country, although in many of these areas the population density is very low, at less than 1 person per km2. This low population density means that there is little existing electricity infrastructure currently in place, which hinders development of these resources. [3]

Current Russian wind energy projects have a combined capacity of over 1,700 MW, although less than 17 MW had been installed as of the end of 2010. The Russian Wind Energy Association predicts that if Russia achieves its goal of having 4.5% of its energy come from renewable sources by 2020, the country will have a total wind capacity of 7,000 MW. [4]

In 2010, plans for the construction of a wind power plant in Yeisk, on the Sea of Azov, were announced. It is expected to initially have a capacity of 50 MW, which will become 100 MW a year later.[ citation needed ] German engineering company Siemens announced in July 2010, following a visit to Russia by Chancellor Angela Merkel, that it would build wind power plants in Russia. [5] By 2015, the company hoped to install 1,250 MW of capacity in Russia. [4] As of 2015, capacity was only 15.4 MW. [6]

History

Ufimtsev's wind generator in Kursk, September 2007 Ufimtsev wind turbine.jpg
Ufimtsev's wind generator in Kursk, September 2007

The first experimental wind power plant (3.5 kW) in the Soviet Union was built in 1931 in Kursk by the project of engineers Ufimtsev and Vetchinkin. To conserve energy during calm winds, a 328 kg flywheel contained in a vacuum chamber was used. The wind generator provided electricity to Ufimtsev's house, including a workshop with machine tools, and also illuminated several other houses along the Semenovskaya street. For more details, see article in Russian wiki.

The experimental wind farm in Balaclava (in Crimea) with capacity of 100 kW was developed under direction of inventor Yuri Kondratyuk and installed there in 1931. Before the war, it produced electricity for the Balaclava-Sevastopol tramline. During the war it was destroyed. [7]

From 1932 Kondratyuk, together with Nikolai Nikitin, worked on a design of 165-metre high reinforced concrete mast on the Bedene-Kir plateau, four kilometers north of the peak of windy mountain Ai-Petri in Crimea. It was expected to produce up to 24 MW of power. After the death of project sponsor Sergo Ordzhonikidze in 1937 the project was reduced in scale and in 1938 the construction stopped forever. [7]

57 wind turbines are being built 80 kilometres northeast of Murmansk, at the Kolskaya Wind Farm. The farm is expected to be operational in 2021. [8]

List of wind farms

Wind power in Russia
Map of current major wind farms
Wind farms
NameStatusCapacity (MW)DeveloperCommercial operationLocationNotes [9]
Adygea [10] Operational150 NovaWind 1 March 2020 44°57′58″N40°03′44″E / 44.9662058°N 40.0621808°E / 44.9662058; 40.0621808 (Adygea Wind Farm) 60×2.5MW turbines
Berestovskaya [11] Under construction60 NovaWind 45°30′59″N42°02′04″E / 45.516452°N 42.034378°E / 45.516452; 42.034378 (Berestovskaya Wind Farm) 24×2.5MW turbines
Bondarevskaya [12] Operational120 NovaWind 1 September 2021 45°39′37″N43°03′34″E / 45.660367°N 43.059540°E / 45.660367; 43.059540 (Bondarevskaya Wind Farm) 48×2.5MW turbines
Chukotka WindOperational2.5 65°37′47.9″N171°41′23.9″E / 65.629972°N 171.689972°E / 65.629972; 171.689972 (Chukotka Wind)
GukovskayaOperational100 Fortum 1 June 2020 48°05′39″N39°57′24″E / 48.094133°N 39.956760°E / 48.094133; 39.956760 (Gukovskaya Wind Farm) 26×3.8MW turbines
KamenskayaOperational100 Fortum 1 April 2020 48°11′05″N40°17′03″E / 48.184859°N 40.284119°E / 48.184859; 40.284119 (Kamenskaya Wind Farm) 26×3.8MW turbines
Karmalinovskaya [13] Operational60 NovaWind 1 April 2021 45°27′36″N41°14′21″E / 45.459894°N 41.239072°E / 45.459894; 41.239072 24×2.5MW turbines
KazachyaOperational50 Fortum 1 December 2020 48°18′44″N40°06′52″E / 48.312114°N 40.114517°E / 48.312114; 40.114517 (Kazachya Wind Farm) 12×4.2MW turbines
Kochubeevskaya [14] Operational210 NovaWind 1 January 2021 44°43′24″N42°01′19″E / 44.7234188°N 42.0218282°E / 44.7234188; 42.0218282 (Kochubeevskaya Wind Farm) 84×2.5MW turbines
KulikovskayaDismantled5.11998 55°37′48″N63°39′35.9″E / 55.63000°N 63.659972°E / 55.63000; 63.659972 (Kulikovskaya Wind Farm) 1×0.6MW 20×0.225MW turbines, Dismantled in 2018
Marchenkovskaya [15] Operational120 NovaWind 1 July 2021 47°03′55″N42°34′48″E / 47.065328°N 42.579918°E / 47.065328; 42.579918 (Marchenkovskaya Wind Farm) 48×2.5MW turbines
Medvezhenskaya [16] Under construction60 NovaWind 45°31′32″N42°08′10″E / 45.525593°N 42.136002°E / 45.525593; 42.136002 (Medvezhenskaya Wind Farm) 24×2.5MW turbines
MurmanskOperational0.2Enel Green Power 68°59′35″N33°7′6.4″E / 68.99306°N 33.118444°E / 68.99306; 33.118444 (Murmansk) Kolskaya wind farm
OrenburgOperational1 51°46′59.9″N55°6′0″E / 51.783306°N 55.10000°E / 51.783306; 55.10000 (Orenburg)
Priyutnenskaya VESOperational2.4 46°12′32″N44°09′26″E / 46.20889°N 44.15722°E / 46.20889; 44.15722 (Priyutnenskaya VES) ALTEN Ltd.
Rostov WtgOperational0.3 57°12′0″N39°27′0″E / 57.20000°N 39.45000°E / 57.20000; 39.45000 (Rostov Wtg)
SulinskayaOperational100 Fortum 1 March 2020 48°11′05″N40°17′03″E / 48.184859°N 40.284119°E / 48.184859; 40.284119 (Sulinskaya Wind Farm) 26×3.8MW turbines
TselinskayaOperational100 Fortum 1 December 2020 47°01′19″N44°13′32″E / 47.021929°N 44.225464°E / 47.021929; 44.225464 (Tselinskaya Wind Farm) 24×4.2MW turbines
TyupkeldyOperational2.5 54°36′0″N53°43′47.9″E / 54.60000°N 53.729972°E / 54.60000; 53.729972 (Tyupkeldy) Experimental power plant, Bashkortostan
Ulyanovskaya-1Operational35 Fortum 1 January 2018 54°19′0″N48°22′0″E / 54.31667°N 48.36667°E / 54.31667; 48.36667 (Ulyanovsk Wind Farm) 14×2.5MW turbines
Ulyanovskaya-2Operational50 Fortum 1 January 2019 54°19′0″N48°22′0″E / 54.31667°N 48.36667°E / 54.31667; 48.36667 (Ulyanovsk Wind Farm) 14×3.6MW turbines
UshakovskayaOperational5.123 October 2018 55°37′48″N63°39′35.9″E / 55.63000°N 63.659972°E / 55.63000; 63.659972 (Ushakovskaya Wind Farm) 3×1.7MW turbines; replaced Kulikovskaya
YeiskOperational72 46°28′N38°19′E / 46.467°N 38.317°E / 46.467; 38.317 (Yeisk) Krasnodar territory, Sea of Azov
Total operational201276

See also

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References

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  3. Renewables: The Energy for the 21st Century. World Renewable Energy Congress VI. 1–7 July 2000. ISBN   9780080540511 . Retrieved 25 February 2011.
  4. 1 2 Honey Garcia (16 July 2011). "Siemens makes a bid for Russia's wind power through joint venture". Ecoseed. Retrieved 6 March 2011.
  5. Trevor Sievert (23 July 2010). "Russia- Russian Wind Power". Industry News. Retrieved 25 February 2011.
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  8. "Murmansk Launches Construction of Russia's Largest Wind Power Park". The Moscow Times. 24 September 2019. Retrieved 10 December 2020.
  9. Russia
  10. "NovaWind - Adygea Wind Farm". www.novawind.ru. Retrieved 2021-09-06.
  11. "NovaWind - Kochubeevskaya Wind Farm". www.novawind.ru. Retrieved 2021-09-06.
  12. "NovaWind - Bondarevskaya Wind Farm". www.novawind.ru. Retrieved 2021-09-06.
  13. "NovaWind - Karmalinovskaya Wind Farm". www.novawind.ru. Retrieved 2021-09-06.
  14. "Kochubeevskaya Wind Farm". NovaWind. Retrieved 2021-09-06.
  15. "NovaWind - Marchenkovskaya Wind Farm". www.novawind.ru. Retrieved 2021-09-06.
  16. "NovaWind - Medvezhenskaya Wind Farm". www.novawind.ru. Retrieved 2021-09-06.