Observation data Epoch J2000 Equinox J2000 | |
---|---|
Constellation | Lynx [1] |
XO-2S | |
Right ascension | 07h 48m 07.4814s [2] |
Declination | +50° 13′ 03.2554″ [2] |
Apparent magnitude (V) | 11.12±0.03 [3] |
XO-2N | |
Right ascension | 07h 48m 06.4723s [4] |
Declination | +50° 13′ 32.9206″ [4] |
Apparent magnitude (V) | 11.18±0.03 [3] |
Characteristics | |
Spectral type | K0V + K0V [3] |
Astrometry | |
XO-2S | |
Radial velocity (Rv) | 46.94±0.27 [2] km/s |
Proper motion (μ) | RA: −29.308(15) mas/yr [2] Dec.: −154.233(13) mas/yr [2] |
Parallax (π) | 6.6721 ± 0.0151 mas [2] |
Distance | 489 ± 1 ly (149.9 ± 0.3 pc) |
Absolute magnitude (MV) | 5.74 [5] |
XO-2N | |
Radial velocity (Rv) | 47.45±0.44 [4] km/s |
Proper motion (μ) | RA: −29.552(15) mas/yr [4] Dec.: −154.227(11) mas/yr [4] |
Parallax (π) | 6.6588 ± 0.0158 mas [4] |
Distance | 490 ± 1 ly (150.2 ± 0.4 pc) |
Absolute magnitude (MV) | 5.74 [5] |
Details [6] | |
XO-2S | |
Mass | 0.98±0.05 M☉ |
Radius | 1.02+0.09 −0.06 R☉ |
Luminosity | 0.79±0.14 L☉ |
Surface gravity (log g) | 4.420±0.094 cgs |
Temperature | 5,325±37 K |
Metallicity [Fe/H] | 0.32±0.08 dex |
Rotation | 26.0±0.6 d |
Rotational velocity (v sin i) | 1.5±0.3 km/s |
Age | 7.1+2.5 −2.9 Gyr |
XO-2N | |
Mass | 0.96±0.05 M☉ |
Radius | 0.998+0.033 −0.032 R☉ |
Luminosity | 0.70±0.04 L☉ |
Surface gravity (log g) | 4.43±0.10 cgs |
Temperature | 5,290±18 K |
Metallicity [Fe/H] | 0.37±0.07 dex |
Rotation | 41.6±1.1 d |
Rotational velocity (v sin i) | 1.07±0.09 km/s |
Age | 7.8+1.2 −1.3 Gyr |
Other designations | |
XO-2S: LSPM J0748+5013S, TYC 3413-210-1, GSC 03413-00210, 2MASS J07480748+5013032 [7] | |
XO-2N: BD+50 1471, LSPM J0748+5013N, TOI-1720, TIC 356473034, TYC 3413-5-1, GSC 03413-00005, 2MASS J07480647+5013328 [8] | |
Database references | |
SIMBAD | XO-2S |
XO-2N |
XO-2 is a binary star system about 490 light-years (150 parsecs ) away in the constellation Lynx. It consists of two components, XO-2N and XO-2S, both of which host planetary systems. [9]
This system is unusual in that the stars are not typically referred to as components A & B, but are designated based on their positions in the sky: XO-2N is the northern star and XO-2S is the southern star.
Both of the stars are slightly cooler than the Sun and are nearly identical to each other. The system has a magnitude of 11 and cannot be seen with the naked eye but is visible through a small telescope. These stars are also notable for their large proper motions. [7] [8]
XO-2N and XO-2S have a separation of approximately 4,600 AU. [3]
There is one confirmed exoplanet orbiting XO-2N. XO-2Nb, which is classified as a hot Jupiter, was discovered by the XO Telescope using the transit method around XO-2N in 2007. It was initially the only known planet in the system and was referred to as XO-2b. [3] A long-period variation in the radial velocity of XO-2N was detected in 2015, which could be explained by either a second planet or a stellar activity cycle. The stellar activity explanation is considered more likely, [6] and is further supported by a 2024 study. [10]
Two planets were reported to orbit around XO-2S in 2014 using the radial velocity method. One of them is Jupiter-mass and another has a mass comparable to Saturn. [9] A 2024 study found evidence for a third, super-Jupiter mass planet around XO-2S. [10]
Companion (in order from star) | Mass | Semimajor axis (AU) | Orbital period (days) | Eccentricity | Inclination | Radius |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
b | 0.597±0.021 MJ | 0.03673(64) | 2.61585922(28) | <0.006 | 87.96+0.42 −0.34 ° | 1.019±0.031 RJ |
Companion (in order from star) | Mass | Semimajor axis (AU) | Orbital period (days) | Eccentricity | Inclination | Radius |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
b | ≥0.26±0.01 MJ | 0.1347±0.0025 | 18.220±0.001 | 0.15±0.02 | — | — |
c | ≥1.38±0.05 MJ | 0.4737+0.0085 −0.0088 | 120.059±0.013 | 0.149±0.006 | — | — |
d | ≥3.71+1.2 −0.51 MJ | 5.46+0.85 −0.40 | 4,696+1,133 −489 | 0.091+0.028 −0.018 | — | — |
HD 189733, also catalogued as V452 Vulpeculae, is a binary star system 64.5 light-years away in the constellation of Vulpecula. The primary star is suspected to be an orange dwarf star, while the secondary star is a red dwarf star. Given that this system has the same visual magnitude as HD 209458, it promises much for the study of close transiting extrasolar planets. The star can be found with binoculars 0.3 degrees east of the Dumbbell Nebula (M27).
XO-1 is a magnitude 11 G-type main-sequence star located approximately 530 light-years away in the constellation Corona Borealis. XO-1 has a mass and radius similar to the Sun. In 2006 the extrasolar planet XO-1b was discovered orbiting XO-1 by the transit method using the XO Telescope.
HD 147506, also known as HAT-P-2 and formally named Hunor, is a magnitude 8.7 F8 dwarf star that is somewhat larger and hotter than the Sun. The star is approximately 419 light-years from Earth and is positioned near the keystone of Hercules. It is estimated to be 2 to 3 billion years old, towards the end of its main sequence life. There is one known transiting exoplanet, and a second planet not observed to transit.
XO-2Nb is an extrasolar planet orbiting the star XO-2N, the fainter component of XO-2 wide binary star in the constellation Lynx. This planet was found by the transit method in 2007 by Burke et al. This was the second such planet found by the XO telescope.
HAT-P-6b is a transiting extrasolar planet discovered by Noyes et al. on October 15, 2007. It is located approximately 910 light-years away in the constellation of Andromeda, orbiting the star HAT-P-6. This hot Jupiter planet orbits with a semi-major axis of about 0.05 AU, and takes 92 hours, 28 minutes, 17 seconds to orbit the star. It has true mass of 5.7% greater than Jupiter and a radius 33% greater than Jupiter, corresponding to a density of 0.583 g/cm3, which is less than water.
WASP-8 is a binary star system 294 light-years away. The star system is much younger than the Sun at 300 million to 1.2 billion years age, and is heavily enriched in heavy elements, having nearly twice the concentration of iron compared to the Sun.
WASP-11/HAT-P-10 is a binary star. It is a primary main-sequence orange dwarf star. Secondary is M-dwarf with a projected separation of 42 AU. The system is located about 424 light-years away in the constellation Aries.
WASP-4 is a G-type main-sequence star approximately 891 light-years away in the constellation of Phoenix. Despite its advanced age, the star is rotating rapidly, being spun up by the tides raised by a giant planet on a close orbit.
WASP-5 is a magnitude 12 G-type main-sequence star located about 1,020 light-years away in the Phoenix constellation. The star is likely older than the Sun, slightly enriched in heavy elements and is rotating rapidly, being spun up by the tides raised by the giant planet on a close orbit.
HAT-P-4 is a wide binary star consisting of a pair of G-type main-sequence stars in the constellation of Boötes. It is also designated BD+36°2593.
HAT-P-8 is a magnitude 10 star located 700 light-years away in Pegasus. It is a F-type star about 28% more massive than the Sun. Two red dwarf companions have been detected around HAT-P-8. The first has a spectral type of M5V and has a mass of 0.22 M☉. The second is even less massive, at 0.18 M☉, and its spectral type is M6V.
HAT-P-3, is a metal-rich K5 dwarf star located about 441 light-years away in the constellation Ursa Major. At a magnitude of about 11.5 it is not visible to the naked eye but is visible in a small to medium-sized amateur telescope. It is believed to be a relatively young star and has a slightly enhanced level of chromospheric activity.
CoRoT-2 is a yellow dwarf main sequence star a little cooler than the Sun. This star is located approximately 700 light-years away in the constellation of Aquila. The apparent magnitude of this star is 12, which means it is not visible to the naked eye but can be seen with a medium-sized amateur telescope on a clear dark night.
HAT-P-24 is an F8 dwarf star about 413 parsecs away. A planet was discovered with the transit method by the HATNet Project in 2010. HAT-P-24b, is a typical hot Jupiter orbiting in only 3 days.
HAT-P-17 is a K-type main-sequence star about 92.4 parsecs (301 ly) away. It has a mass of about 0.857 ± 0.039 M☉. It is the host of two planets, HAT-P-17b and HAT-P-17c, both discovered in 2010. A search for a binary companion star using adaptive optics at the MMT Observatory was negative. A candidate companion was detected by a spectroscopic search of high-resolution K band infrared spectra taken at the Keck observatory.
HD 233731, or HAT-P-22, is a suspected multiple star system in the northern circumpolar constellation of Ursa Major. It is invisible to the naked eye, having an apparent visual magnitude of 9.732. This system is located at a distance of 267 light years from the Sun based on parallax, and is drifting further away with a radial velocity of +13 km/s.
Qatar-2 is a K-type main-sequence star about 595 light-years away in the constellation of Virgo. The star is much older than Sun, and has a concentration of heavy elements similar to solar abundance. The star features a numerous and long-lived starspots, and belongs to a peculiar variety of inflated K-dwarfs with strong magnetic activity inhibiting internal convection.
BD+00 316 is an ordinary star with a close-orbiting planetary companion in the equatorial constellation of Cetus. It is also known as WASP-71 since 2019; BD+00 316 is the stellar identifier from the Bonner Durchmusterung catalogue. With an apparent visual magnitude of 10.56, it is too faint to be visible to the naked eye. This star is located at a distance of 1,160 light-years based on parallax measurements, and is drifting further away with a heliocentric radial velocity of 7.7 km/s.
WASP-58 is a binary star system comprising a G-type main-sequence star and a red dwarf about 955 light-years away. WASP-58 is slightly depleted in heavy elements, having 80% of the solar abundance of iron. WASP-58 is much older than the Sun at 12.80+0.20
−2.10 billion years.
KELT-6, also known as BD+31 2447, is a star in the constellation Coma Berenices. With an apparent magnitude of 10.34, it is impossible to see with the unaided eye, but can be seen with a powerful telescope. The star is located 791 light years away from the Solar System based on parallax, but is drifting away with a radial velocity of 1.62 km/s.