Yuanping is a county-level city in Xinzhou Prefecture, Shanxi Province, China.
A county-level municipality, county-level city, or county city is a county-level administrative division of mainland China. County-level cities are usually governed by prefecture-level divisions, but a few are governed directly by province-level divisions. Formerly known as prefecture-controlled city.
China, officially the People's Republic of China (PRC), is a country in East Asia and the world's most populous country, with a population of around 1.404 billion. Covering approximately 9,600,000 square kilometers (3,700,000 sq mi), it is the third- or fourth-largest country by total area. Governed by the Communist Party of China, the state exercises jurisdiction over 22 provinces, five autonomous regions, four direct-controlled municipalities, and the special administrative regions of Hong Kong and Macau.
The territory of present-day Yuanping was held by Zhao during the Warring States Period of Chinese history. Under the Qin, it was part of Taiyuan Prefecture. It became Yuanping County in 114 BC under Emperor Wu of the Han. It became Xinxing County in Jian'an 15 during the Eastern Han. Three years later, its name was restored as Yuanping County but it was moved to Yanmen Commandery.
The Qin dynasty was the first dynasty of Imperial China, lasting from 221 to 206 BC. Named for its heartland in Qin state, the dynasty was founded by Qin Shi Huang, the First Emperor of Qin. The strength of the Qin state was greatly increased by the Legalist reforms of Shang Yang in the fourth century BC, during the Warring States period. In the mid and late third century BC, the Qin state carried out a series of swift conquests, first ending the powerless Zhou dynasty, and eventually conquering the other six of the Seven Warring States. Its 15 years was the shortest major dynasty in Chinese history, consisting of only two emperors, but inaugurated an imperial system that lasted from 221 BC, with interruption and adaptation, until 1912 CE.
Emperor Wu of Han, born Liu Che, courtesy name Tong, was the seventh emperor of the Han dynasty of China, ruling from 141–87 BC. His reign lasted 54 years — a record not broken until the reign of the Kangxi Emperor more than 1,800 years later. His reign resulted in a vast territorial expansion and the development of a strong and centralized state resulting from his governmental reorganization, including his promotion of Confucian doctrines. In the field of historical social and cultural studies, Emperor Wu is known for his religious innovations and patronage of the poetic and musical arts, including development of the Imperial Music Bureau into a prestigious entity. It was also during his reign that cultural contact with western Eurasia was greatly increased, directly and indirectly.
The Han dynasty was the second imperial dynasty of China, preceded by the Qin dynasty and succeeded by the Three Kingdoms period. Spanning over four centuries, the Han period is considered a golden age in Chinese history. To this day, China's majority ethnic group refers to themselves as the "Han Chinese" and the Chinese script is referred to as "Han characters". It was founded by the rebel leader Liu Bang, known posthumously as Emperor Gaozu of Han, and briefly interrupted by the Xin dynasty of the former regent Wang Mang. This interregnum separates the Han dynasty into two periods: the Western Han or Former Han and the Eastern Han or Later Han (25–220 AD).
Yuanping is located nearly due north of Taiyuan, the provincial capital.
Taiyuan is the capital and largest city of Shanxi province in China. It is one of the main manufacturing bases of China. Throughout its long history, Taiyuan was the capital or provisional capital of many dynasties in China, hence the name Lóngchéng.
Yuanping has a monsoon-influenced, continental semi-arid climate (Köppen BSk), with cold and very dry winters, and hot, humid summers. The monthly 24-hour average temperature ranges from −7.7 °C (18.1 °F) in January to 23.3 °C (73.9 °F) in July, and the annual mean is 9.03 °C (48.3 °F). A majority of the 417 millimetres (16.4 in) of precipitation occurs in July and August alone. Due to the high elevation and dry climate, the diurnal temperature variation easily exceeds 15 °C (27 °F) in winter and spring. With monthly percent possible sunshine ranging from 50% in July to 62% in four months, and the average annual total is 2,585 hours.
Monsoon is traditionally defined as a seasonal reversing wind accompanied by corresponding changes in precipitation, but is now used to describe seasonal changes in atmospheric circulation and precipitation associated with the asymmetric heating of land and sea. Usually, the term monsoon is used to refer to the rainy phase of a seasonally changing pattern, although technically there is also a dry phase. The term is sometimes incorrectly used for locally heavy but short-term rains, although these rains meet the dictionary definition of monsoon.
A semi-arid climate or steppe climate is the climate of a region that receives precipitation below potential evapotranspiration, but not as low as a desert climate. There are different kinds of semi-arid climates, depending on variables such as temperature, and they give rise to different biomes.
The Köppen climate classification is one of the most widely used climate classification systems. It was first published by the Russian climatologist Wladimir Köppen (1846–1940) in 1884, with several later modifications by Köppen, notably in 1918 and 1936. Later, the climatologist Rudolf Geiger introduced some changes to the classification system, which is thus sometimes called the Köppen–Geiger climate classification system.
Climate data for Yuanping (1971−2000) | |||||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Month | Jan | Feb | Mar | Apr | May | Jun | Jul | Aug | Sep | Oct | Nov | Dec | Year |
Average high °C (°F) | −0.1 (31.8) | 3.5 (38.3) | 10.1 (50.2) | 19.0 (66.2) | 25.3 (77.5) | 28.6 (83.5) | 29.2 (84.6) | 27.5 (81.5) | 23.1 (73.6) | 17.0 (62.6) | 8.1 (46.6) | 1.5 (34.7) | 16.1 (60.9) |
Average low °C (°F) | −13.7 (7.3) | −9.5 (14.9) | −3 (27) | 3.9 (39) | 10.2 (50.4) | 14.7 (58.5) | 17.7 (63.9) | 16.3 (61.3) | 10.0 (50) | 3.3 (37.9) | −4.4 (24.1) | −11.3 (11.7) | 2.9 (37.1) |
Average precipitation mm (inches) | 1.9 (0.075) | 3.7 (0.146) | 9.2 (0.362) | 15.9 (0.626) | 30.7 (1.209) | 54.9 (2.161) | 102.9 (4.051) | 114.8 (4.52) | 52.6 (2.071) | 19.9 (0.783) | 8.9 (0.35) | 1.7 (0.067) | 417.1 (16.421) |
Average precipitation days (≥ 0.1 mm) | 1.7 | 2.4 | 3.7 | 4.3 | 5.7 | 9.7 | 13.3 | 12.8 | 9.2 | 5.4 | 3.0 | 1.3 | 72.5 |
Average relative humidity (%) | 47 | 45 | 48 | 42 | 43 | 54 | 69 | 73 | 68 | 59 | 57 | 51 | 55 |
Mean monthly sunshine hours | 185.7 | 185.8 | 211.2 | 238.0 | 273.8 | 255.2 | 226.4 | 222.6 | 217.6 | 216.3 | 181.6 | 170.5 | 2,584.7 |
Percent possible sunshine | 62 | 62 | 57 | 60 | 62 | 58 | 50 | 53 | 59 | 62 | 60 | 58 | 58 |
Source: China Meteorological Administration |
The city lies on the G55 Erenhot–Guangzhou Expressway. Yuanping is also at the junction of the Beijing–Yuanping Railway and the Datong–Puzhou Railway.
The Erenhot–Guangzhou Expressway, commonly referred to as the Erguang Expressway is an expressway that connects the cities of Erenhot, Inner Mongolia, and Guangzhou, Guangdong. When fully complete, it will be 2,685 km (1,668 mi) in length.
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