Lincoln, Massachusetts

Lincoln, Massachusetts
Town
Codman House
Seal
Location in Middlesex County in Massachusetts
Coordinates: 42°25′33″N71°18′16″W / 42.42583°N 71.30444°W / 42.42583; -71.30444
Country	United States
State	Massachusetts
County	Middlesex
Settled	1650
Incorporated	1754
Government
• Type	Open town meeting
Area
• Total	15.0 sq mi (38.9 km2)
• Land	14.4 sq mi (37.2 km2)
• Water	0.6 sq mi (1.7 km2)
Elevation	258 ft (79 m)
Population  (2020)
• Total	7,014
• Density	487.1/sq mi (188.5/km2)
Time zone	UTC−5 (Eastern)
• Summer (DST)	UTC−4 (Eastern)
ZIP Code	01773
Area code	339/781
FIPS code	25-35425
GNIS feature ID	0619402
Website	lincolntown.org

Lincoln is a town in Middlesex County, Massachusetts. The population was 7,014 according to the 2020 United States Census, including residents of Hanscom Air Force Base that live within town limits. The town, located in the MetroWest region of Boston's suburbs, has a large amount of colonial history and a sizeable amount of public conservation land.

History

Lincoln was settled by Europeans in 1654, as a part of Concord. The majority of Lincoln was formed by splitting off a substantial piece of southeast Concord and incorporated as a separate town in 1754. Due to their "difficulties and inconveniences by reason of their distance from the places of Public Worship in their respective Towns," local inhabitants petitioned the General Court to be set apart as a separate town. Because the new town was composed of parts "nipped" off from the adjacent towns of Concord, Weston (which itself had been part of Watertown) and Lexington (which itself had been part of Cambridge), it was sometimes referred to as "Niptown." ^[1]

Chambers Russell, a Representative in the Court in Boston, was influential in the town's creation. In gratitude, Russell was asked to name the new town. He chose Lincoln, after his family home in Lincolnshire, England. His homestead in Lincoln was later known as the Codman House property, which was occupied after his death by his relatives, the Codman family.

Lincoln is reportedly the only town in America named after Lincoln, England (and not the Revolutionary War Major General, Benjamin Lincoln or President Abraham Lincoln), ^[2] although Lincoln, New Hampshire was named for the 9th Earl of Lincoln, an English nobleman and incorporated in 1764, 45 years before Abraham Lincoln's birth.

Paul Revere was captured by British soldiers in Lincoln on the night of April 18, 1775. Minutemen from Lincoln were the first to arrive to reinforce the colonists protecting American stores of ammunition and arms in Concord. Colonel Abijah Pierce of Lincoln led his troops, armed with a cane. He upgraded his weapon to a British musket after the battle. Five British soldiers who fell in Lincoln are buried in the town cemetery. A substantial portion of the first battle of the Revolutionary War, the Battle of Lexington and Concord, was fought in Lincoln. ^[3]

Reverend Charles Stearns (1753–1826), a Harvard-trained minister, served the Congregational Church in Lincoln from late 1781 until his death. Only a handful of his sermons were printed, most in the early 19th century. In addition, Stearns was principal of the Liberal School, a relatively progressive and coeducational institution that opened in early 1793. While at the school, Stearns wrote and published a number of education-related works, including Dramatic Dialogues for Use in Schools (1798), a collection of 30 original plays that were performed by the students. After the school closed in 1808, Stearns continued to tutor students privately. Among his pupils were Nathan Brooks, a Concord lawyer, and George Russell, a Lincoln physician. Stearns's published works can be accessed at Early American Imprints, a microform and digital collection produced by the American Antiquarian Society. A summary article that surveys Stearns as a producer of children's drama is "The Dramatic Dialogues of Charles Stearns: An Appreciation" by Jonathan Levy, in Spotlight on the Child: Studies in the History of American Children's Theatre, ed. Roger L. Bedard and C. John Tolch (New York: Greenwood, 1989): 5–24.

Education

Lincoln is home to one public K–8 school, the Lincoln School. High School students attend Lincoln-Sudbury Regional High School in Sudbury. In December 2018, voters in Lincoln approved the construction of a new K–8 school building and a Proposition 2+1⁄2 property tax override to pay for the school. ^[4] To date $80 million financing has been raised via bond issuance for a $93.9 million renovation project at Lincoln School. ^[5]

Geography

Lincoln has a total area of 15.0 square miles (39 km²), of which 14.4 square miles (37 km²) is land and 0.6 square miles (1.6 km²) is water, representing 4.26% of the town's total area. (Source: United States Census Bureau).

Demographics

See also: List of Massachusetts locations by per capita income

Historical population

Year	Pop.	±%
1850	719	—
1860	718	−0.1%
1870	791	+10.2%
1880	907	+14.7%
1890	987	+8.8%
1900	1,127	+14.2%
1910	1,175	+4.3%
1920	1,042	−11.3%
1930	1,493	+43.3%
1940	1,783	+19.4%
1950	2,427	+36.1%
1960	5,613	+131.3%
1970	7,567	+34.8%
1980	7,098	−6.2%
1990	7,666	+8.0%
2000	8,056	+5.1%
2010	6,362	−21.0%
2020	7,014	+10.2%
2022*	6,855	−2.3%
* = population estimate. Source: United States census records and Population Estimates Program data. [6] [7] [8] [9] [10] [11] [12] [13] [14] [15] [16]

At the 2000 census, ^[17] there were 8,056 people, 2,790 households and 2,254 families residing in the town. The population density was 560.7 inhabitants per square mile (216.5/km²). There were 2,911 housing units at an average density of 202.6 per square mile (78.2/km²). The racial makeup of the town was 87.16% White, 4.84% African American, 0.38% Native American, 4.17% Asian, 0.02% Pacific Islander, 1.33% from other races, and 2.09% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 2.97% of the population. The 21.03% drop in population between the 2010 and 2000 censuses was the largest of any municipality in Massachusetts. Diversity in the public schools is higher due to the METCO program.

There were 2,790 households, of which 45.6% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 73.4% were married couples living together, 5.4% had a female householder with no husband present, and 19.2% were non-families. Of all households 15.8% were made up of individuals, and 7.0% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.83 and the average family size was 3.18.

Age distribution was 30.7% under the age of 18, 5.4% from 18 to 24, 31.2% from 25 to 44, 21.7% from 45 to 64, and 11.0% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 35 years. For every 100 females, there were 94.5 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 90.7 males.

The median household income was $120,844, and median family income was $202,704. Males had a median income of $142,788 versus $61,786 for females. The per capita income for the town was $74,402. About 0.3% of families and 0.8% of the population were below the poverty line, including 0.2% of those under age 18 and 2.4% of those age 65 or over.

The majority of the land in the town is zoned for residential and agricultural use.

Points of interest

• Arborvitae Cemetery
• Bemis Hall
• Codman House
• DeCordova Sculpture Park and Museum
• Drumlin Farm ^[18]
• The Food Project
• Gropius House
• Hanscom Field and Hanscom Air Force Base
• Hartwell Tavern
• Lincoln Center Historic District
• Lincoln Public Library
• Massachusetts Audubon Society Headquarters
• Mount Misery
• Virginia Road

Transportation

Commuter rail service from Boston's North Station is provided by the MBTA with a stop in Lincoln on its Fitchburg Line. ^[19] Lincoln was previously home to a second railroad station, Baker Bridge station, which was the site of a deadly 1905 train wreck. ^[20]

In popular culture

• The 1988 They Might Be Giants album Lincoln is named after the town, as it is the band's hometown.
• Lincoln is featured in the 2013 video game The Last of Us , as well as the 2023 HBO television adaption, although the game indicates that Lincoln is part of Amherst County, which does not exist; the real Amherst is a town approximately 75 miles (120 kilometers) west of Lincoln.

Notable people

• Bradford Cannon, pioneer in reconstructive surgery
• David Herbert Donald, professor and Pulitzer Prize-winning Author
• Susan Fargo, Massachusetts state senator
• John Farrar (scientist), Harvard scientist
• John Flansburgh, musician from the alternative rock group They Might Be Giants
• Julia Glass, author
• Diana Golden (1963–2001), disabled ski racer
• Harriet Louise Hardy, first woman professor at Harvard Medical School
• Mary Hartwell, who played a prominent role in the battles of Lexington and Concord
• Maggie Hassan, Senator, New Hampshire Governor
• Greg Hawkes, keyboardist for The Cars
• Charles Kindleberger, Economic Historian and author
• John Linnell, musician, co-founder of They Might Be Giants
• Nicholi Rogatkin, Professional Bike Rider
• Joseph M. Sussman, MIT professor
• Ray Tomlinson, computer programming pioneer, inventor of e-mail
• Lester Thurow, Dean of MIT Sloan School, author
• Patricia Warner, spy
• Charles Stearns Wheeler, Transcendentalism pioneer
• Frank Wood, Tony Award-winning actor
• Robert Coldwell Wood, political scientist, Under Secretary of the Department of Housing and Urban Development

See also

• The Carroll School
• Lincoln-Sudbury Regional High School

References

1. https://archive.org/details/accountofcelebra00lincrich p.27 (p.63 of the PDF)
2. "Town History". Lincoln Historical Society. Retrieved June 22, 2016.
3. "The Project Gutenberg eBook of the Battle of April 19, 1775, in Lexington, Concord, Lincoln, Arlington, Cambridge, Somerville and Charlestown, Massachusetts, by Frank Warren Coburn".
4. Camero, Holly. "Lincoln voters approve money for school building project". Lincoln Journal. Retrieved October 15, 2019.
5. Financial Section and Warrant for the 2022 Annual Town Meeting Lincoln, Massachusetts https://www.lincolntown.org/1307/2022-Annual-Town-Meeting
6. "Total Population (P1), 2010 Census Summary File 1". American FactFinder, All County Subdivisions within Massachusetts. United States Census Bureau. 2010.
7. "Massachusetts by Place and County Subdivision - GCT-T1. Population Estimates". United States Census Bureau. Retrieved July 12, 2011.
8. "1990 Census of Population, General Population Characteristics: Massachusetts" (PDF). US Census Bureau. December 1990. Table 76: General Characteristics of Persons, Households, and Families: 1990. 1990 CP-1-23. Retrieved July 12, 2011.
9. "1980 Census of the Population, Number of Inhabitants: Massachusetts" (PDF). US Census Bureau. December 1981. Table 4. Populations of County Subdivisions: 1960 to 1980. PC80-1-A23. Retrieved July 12, 2011.
10. "1950 Census of Population" (PDF). Bureau of the Census. 1952. Section 6, Pages 21-10 and 21-11, Massachusetts Table 6. Population of Counties by Minor Civil Divisions: 1930 to 1950. Retrieved July 12, 2011.
11. "1920 Census of Population" (PDF). Bureau of the Census. Number of Inhabitants, by Counties and Minor Civil Divisions. Pages 21-5 through 21-7. Massachusetts Table 2. Population of Counties by Minor Civil Divisions: 1920, 1910, and 1920. Retrieved July 12, 2011.
12. "1890 Census of the Population" (PDF). Department of the Interior, Census Office. Pages 179 through 182. Massachusetts Table 5. Population of States and Territories by Minor Civil Divisions: 1880 and 1890. Retrieved July 12, 2011.
13. "1870 Census of the Population" (PDF). Department of the Interior, Census Office. 1872. Pages 217 through 220. Table IX. Population of Minor Civil Divisions, &c. Massachusetts. Retrieved July 12, 2011.
14. "1860 Census" (PDF). Department of the Interior, Census Office. 1864. Pages 220 through 226. State of Massachusetts Table No. 3. Populations of Cities, Towns, &c. Retrieved July 12, 2011.
15. "1850 Census" (PDF). Department of the Interior, Census Office. 1854. Pages 338 through 393. Populations of Cities, Towns, &c. Retrieved July 12, 2011.
16. "City and Town Population Totals: 2020−2022". United States Census Bureau . Retrieved November 25, 2023.
17. "U.S. Census website". United States Census Bureau . Retrieved January 31, 2008.
18. "Drumlin Farm Wildlife Sanctuary".
19. MBTA website.mbta.com. Accessed August 31, 2007.
20. "Rear-End Collision Brings Deaths to 17". The Boston Daily Globe. November 27, 1905.

Further reading

• 1871 Atlas of Massachusetts. by Wall & Gray.Map of Massachusetts. Map of Middlesex County.
• History of Middlesex County, Massachusetts, Volume 1 (A-H), Volume 2 (L-W) compiled by Samuel Adams Drake, published 1879 and 1880. 572 and 505 pages. Lincoln section by William F. Wheeler in volume 2 pages 34–43.
• 1940 US Census: enumeration districts 9-207 and 9-208

External links

• Town of Lincoln official website
• Lincoln Public Schools